Transcript:
um he um um the cat had was logical
imperturbable and had pointed ear and that's in the citation
nice and there there aren't there like over 10,000 named asteroids now and
Wendy has just come out with um the asteroid name for which was named for Jean mu's
camp and uh that's a very nice as name
that Mike weasner is the first one to log on he says hello from Thunders showery Southern Southern Arizona
yeah he might want to send some of those thunder showers down this way and Wendy reports we've had eight drops
today
I was quite an episode yesterday with having Facebook shut down yeah and Instagram and what else
WhatsApp and um their whole universe shut down
did you see the comedic memes where people were find were in Despair and
staring around and finally either picked up a book and smiled starting to read a
book or they ran outside kids ran outside and actually started to play with each other
[Laughter]
again look like the 1970s yeah yeah
goodness we already have a 100 messages wow that's pretty
fast do we have time to say say hello to each one of them yes hello
everyone hello each one hello each one how are you have to say that 100 times
yeah yeah we have t watching from the UAE Norm Hughes is
watching uh who else of course we know Mike weisner's
watching s nagap pan is watching
no she's listening anyways greetings
everybody and they're saying hello [Music]
back there we measure shadows and we search among ghostly errors of measurement for landmarks that are
scarcely more substantial yeah I imagine that uh
Hubble really just kind of you know lost it at some point you
know on some nights cold looking at you know ghostly images on the on the um you
know his negatives his glass plates well and just to be fair and
forth right with everyone he wasn't always the most popular guy on the Block
you know with with his associates he was a little Gruff it didn't take him much
to be cranky sometimes I see absolutely you sure hit
that we we love what he did and we love his importance but he was he was a
little crabby crabby Edwin Hubble yep so at um at Mount Wilson at the
monastery I'm sure I you know I'm sure several of you have been in there um but
uh in the in the room where it's kind of like the living room and then you go into the dining area where they would
all dine Hubble would make sure he was the first one there and then what he would
do is he would go to the encyclopedia open it up quickly at
random look at a page read that page okay and then basically occupy the
majority of the conversation that night talking about this
subject giving the impression he was one of the most well red men in the
world that's kind of C
actually there you
go okay
less than a century ago the bright Arc of our Milky Way was thought to contain
all the stars in the universe but astronomers were perplexed by a cigar-shaped object in the Autumn
Sky called the Andromeda nebula some astronomers thought it was
another galaxy like our Milky Way it too had a flattened
shap but how far away was it in the early 1920s astronomer Edwin Hubble
photographed the nebula in detail he found a pulsating star hidden
deep in one of its spiral arms Edwin Hubble used it to calculate the distance
to the Andromeda nebula this showed it was far beyond our Milky
Way Andromeda in fact was really a separate Galaxy the Hubble Space
Telescope's case has recently observed the star as a tribute to the landmark
[Music]
Discovery Well hello everybody Welcome to the 66th Global star party this is a
very special auspicious uh day because this is the day that Edwin P Hubble uh
discovered a seid n uh variable star in what was called uh the Andromeda nebula
uh of course that was uh uh in fact a star in a separate island of stars which
we now know as M31 the Andromeda galaxy but up until 1923 uh I think that the Universe was
much smaller uh in in most uh uh physicist minds and astronomers minds
and science accepted science of the day and uh overnight uh the that expansion
was U you know into the millions of Lighty years and of course as that got refined over the years of which I
believe we're still refining um uh you know we have now discovered that the universe is far larger than ever
previously imagined um our uh you know I think that
it's important to remember this day because uh you know what this this show
is the process of science um we uh we have a hypothesis we create theories we
create experiments we carry out those those experiments to try to prove or
disprove disprove those um uh those theories uh and when they are disproven
you know scientists that have maybe held on to these I the old ideas for a
lifetime have to disregard them and start all over again uh that's easier said than done for a lot of people and
um but that is the process of Science and uh you know it is uh it is our is
one way to try to understand uh the nature of reality and um so it's uh it's
something that uh a lot of people don't understand uh basically this process you
know so um there are sometimes no hard facts you know that uh that you can hang
on to forever because all it takes sometimes is one observation and it can
really rock the boat uh as as it happened in 1923 so uh you know we will uh we will
start our program with uh David Levy who always U uh brings poetry and um a
certain um feeling to every Global star party in fact every event that he does
you know uh and he talks to you from the heart but he also talks to you from uh
you know the written words sometimes of long long ago that still Inspire and
capture the feeling and understanding of of uh of what we're trying to understand now and um uh as I've always mentioned
David is a friend to us all uh definitely a dear or close friend to many of us here on the global star party
and uh so again I think I want thank David and and David the two Davids that
are on here right now for being on global star party so many times but right now we'll turn it over to David
Levy well thank you Scott and uh like to add my welcome to all of you while we
were waiting we were having the pre session rehearsal and uh you guys
wouldn't be interested that because you all have to talk in ancient Greek when we do this anyway uh we were talking
about Hubble and people were saying how wonderful Hubble was St Hubble and then
David came up to something for something and he said something that I found interesting he said that Hubble might
have done a lot of things but he was not an angel and he had a lot of enemies in
his lifetime and uh to that I could add that uh you know I I found that out
while I was writing the biography of Bart Bach the man who M away it was
published A Thousand Years Ago by the University of Arizona press it seems like a thousand years ago but one of the
things that Bart told me that uh Hubble went to Oxford for a while and he came
back talking like he had a hot potato in his and so this was a very interesting
thing and of course Bart was a protege and a very good friend of farlo
shapley and shapley and Hubble never did get along very well M and so someday we
could actually go into some of those details but uh now we have the h space
telescope and it is time for my quote of the week we're talking about Cosmic
beacons this time and we're talking about Hubble and his um discoveries and
the work that he did by expand by showing the expansion of the universe
and how wonderful that was and that brings me back to my favorite writer shakes here and his play Julius Caesar
because he was looking at Cosmic beacons in a different sense in those days you
couldn't look for other galaxies everything that you this was in the days before the telescope on sale just before the
astrophotography telescope and in those days you were looking at things uh in the sky not that far from
the earth for example coms and so my quote today is going to
be something that Shakespeare wrote In julus Caesar he had caleria Caesar sa
these words probably about the comet of 1599 which appeared I believe the same
year that Julius Caesar was written and it goes like this very
simple when Beggars die there are no comets seen the heavens themselves lays
forth the death of princes thank you and back to you
Scott well thank you very much David that's awesome up next is um is Carol ore Carol is the
president of the astronomical League uh Carol I can't remember how many times
the astronomical league has been on global star party and other programs now but it's got to be
approaching probably 30 or 40 I don't know more that I think probably at least
50 times 50 55 something like that yeah yeah yeah yeah been thrilled to have the
a last so that's been very nice yeah it's been great so I love the background
behind you with h the Milky Way and yeah that's in my backyard not is it
really how do you get the lighting just right it's amazing you know so um but
that's wonderful uh if you guys don't already know it the astronomical league is uh the world's largest Federation of
astronomy clubs uh it has uh tens of thousands of members and um uh they have
an at llarge membership program uh for that's open to anyone in the world uh so
uh they have uh probably the most vast uh uh you know collection or of um
observing programs that you can get involved with everything from Outreach to you know variable stars to uh you
name it uh approaching 80 80 80 programs it's there there's no other organization
that has that much to offer to astronomy club members um and uh you know they
have every year they have the astronomical League uh convention where you can see uh luminaries of uh of
astronomy give talks uh you can hang out with your peers uh and uh you know it's
just an amazing event um where is the next one going to occur the next one will be in July of 2022 in
Albuquerque tried it three times and we're finally going to make it this time I believe very patient local people have
been excellent excellent so I'll let you get started Carol but thank you very much for coming on speaking of Edwin
Hubble I would like to say that he spent all of his youth in my home state of Missouri that wouldn't quite be true
however because before he was one year old his family moved to Illinois so he
was a very much of a short T but I we like to claim that a native at least in a certain type of way okay why don't I
share my screen and let's go with some questions
sure okay we like to uh get this warning in case one of the prizes you win during
the month is an instrument telescope binoculars anything that's going to be
looking at the sun uh uh we want to make sure the proper filtering is there so that's our credit there and now let's
jump right into the answers from GSP 65 which was the last
one the first uh question this is the closest star to the sun which of the
following does not accurately describe it it has a planet it's a red war star
it's 25 billion miles away or it open it orbits two other sunlike objects
sunlight stars and the C is the one that's not correct it's actually 25
trillion miles away a slight difference slight difference yes number
two when the moon is at first or last quarter tides on the Earth are at their
small what are these Tides called neep Tides spring tides dnal SL Tides or E ties
tides and the answer is a NEP tides and everybody had that on the tip
of your tongue right okay number three John Glenn was
the first American to orbit the earth what rocket protell propelled him into
the orbit was it the Redstone Jupiter C Vanguard or Atlas and the answer is
atlas okay and the correct answers from that star party held on September 28th are
Teresa Bier Pate Andrew Carl Andrew's on here quite often ezriel M Roo who's also
on quite often and Cameron Gillis another charter member of this group so three out of four that's pretty
good isn't it yes we need more people to uh to participate in these and so you
can send your answers to secretary at astr league.org and uh and now let's get
to the ones for tonight yeah question number one what is the name of the new
Al Imaging award for women sponsored by explore scientific what is the name of the new
Al Imaging award for women sponsored by explore scientific and again again send
your answers to uh secretary at astrol league.org
question number two Ariel umbrel Miranda
tiania and obon are all moons of which planet Ariel umil Miranda Titania and
obron are all moons of which planet number three what unit of measure
I'm sorry what unit of length is equal to about 3.26 light years what unit of length is
equal to about 3.26 light years and again send your answers to secretary at
astrol league.org and this is the month for Spooks so uh
astronomical lead live uh will feature uh all kinds of goblins uh for that
event including Barbara Harris and of course David leevy will be on there as well uh
Molly wakling uh John Goss uh Terry will be there and Mary
Stewart Adams will talk about passing between the worlds under October Skies so make sure you join
that and the day for that and don't forget yourself Carol you're you're on there too well yeah we threw me in there
too and so that will be the next one and uh October 15th so a little over a week
from now so mark that on your counter it should be fun and now back to you Scott
okay well thank you very much um uh coming up next is uh uh David AER David
has um written many books but one of his um one of his books that I'm very fascinated with is his Galaxy's book not
only are there amazing photographs in it but explanations about the latest
findings and understandings of uh of galaxies and the way they work um uh how
they're formed uh and uh and and where you know what will be their demise you
know uh so uh David I'm I'm going to turn this over to you now this normally
we give uh short lectures but this is this is the this is the uh the whole
enchilada okay this is uh if you you would go to uh one of the big star
parties uh uh you would hear uh a lecture of this length and uh so we
thought it would U David ier and I thought this would be very appropriate on this particular day I'll turn it over
to you David Scott I pris not to talk about all hundred billion galaxies
though that would be even and Galaxy 954 billion
72925 to is that would be a little too much but I will share my screen can you see
uh a slideshow yes good excellent well we thought that Scott and I thought on
this anniversary night of of Edwin hubbles that that galaxies would be an appropriate thing to talk about because
really we've learned so much just in the last 10 or 15 years uh we're in the
midst of a revolution of knowledge in astronomy um and we've only known about the nature of galaxies now uh tonight at
the anniversary will be 98 years ago that uh Hubble identified this uh very
special plate um with the Andromeda nebula as it was called at the time so
we thought we'd talk a little bit about this tonight and a little bit of background about galaxies because there really has been a revolution uh in the
last uh 10 to 15 years is about what we know on these star systems and how they
were formed and how they evolve and and what what what will be their fate so it
all began as we've talked a little bit already tonight um uh on October 4th
1923 when Edwin Hubble who was a young very ambitious astronomer uh treed up to
his favorite telescope uh up above his office in Pasadena up to Mount Wilson
and at the time the largest telescope in the world was the 100 inch hooker teles scope it had taken over the title uh
just around the time of World War I um from the uh telescope that was built by
Lord Ross as an amateur in rural Ireland of all things uh more than half a
century earlier so uh really astronomy at this time was getting into the first
phase of true astrophysics and studying these objects in an analytical uh
way so at the time it was a very different world culturally and the the
setting that Hubble was in as as well he was in a Los Angeles that had about 1 million people a population at Caltech
across town Robert milikin had just won the Nobel Prize uh in physics for
measuring the charge carried by a single electron and for the photoelectric effect across town a uh young Amelia
airheart was taking flying lessons and a cartoonist Walt Disney arrived in town
with $40 in his pocket so it was a very different kind of Los Angeles than what
we uh know now Hubble was very interested of course in studying his
favorite kinds of objects spiral nebula and as we talked a little bit about uh
as we were warming up and and David mentioned as well David mentioned um Hubble was was not an easy guy to get
along with for his colleagues he was a little Brusque and uh quite a lot of uh
self-confidence shall we say he always showed um but he was very focused on the
spiral nebuli his favorite kinds of objects that a number of people here and there were were focused on studying and
nobody really knew what their nature was at the time he was taking a plate on the
evening of October 4th at uh at U Mount Wilson Observatory of his favorite
object the spiral nebula in Andromeda um M31 and uh at the time of course most
everyone thought these nebula were within our galaxy and there was only a vague idea of the sort of what we now
call The Cosmic distance scale of the size of the universe and the things around us it's hard stuff to figure out
when you're trying to sort of derive all this stuff for the first time Hubble was very excited of course
and so he took a uh by by studying this nebula and he recorded what he thought
was a Nova and so he took a second plate the next night and that was the evening of October 5th 98 years ago
tonight he studied this object very carefully and you can see near the top
of this very famous plate called h55 3H um he labeled a star with tick marks
and for Nova he thought it was an exploding star in this galaxy perhaps he
compared it then to a number of other earlier plates and of other kinds of objects and he practically fell out of
his chair in his Pasadena office because he recognized a very uh implicit pattern
of brightness variation in this star this star was a SE so-called sehid variable of course as we know now named
after Delta CPI the Prototype um it has a very uh clear distinct pattern of
brightening and and dimming over a particular period uh and its uh
intrinsic brightness its absolute brightness is known very well as kind of a star and he was stunned because this
seate variable was so incredibly faint that was in this nebula so you can use
that because the absolute brightness is known very well as a gauge of distance so Hubble was stunned realizing you can
see he crossed out the n and wrote VAR for variable star here in red Inc on the
plate the glass plate um and he was stunned he he couldn't believe was in disbelief because uh by his estimation
that meant that this spiral nebula was 1 million light years away now at the time
uh most all astronomers believe the entire universe all of the cosmos all of
creation was only a third of that size so this seemed like a ludicrous or
ridiculous discovery of course now we know that the distance to what became the Andromeda galaxy is 2.5 million
light years so so Hubble knew it was large but even he underestimated it at
the time so in a single observation Edwin
Hubble despite his Brusque personality um and ambition he reset the cosmic
distance scale and he really deciphered the nature of galaxies in a single
observation this was one of the uh incredible mileston this glass plate of
the history of science well research by Hubble and others like VM slier at L Observatory uh
determined the universe was expanding slier actually had used used a
spectrograph which you can see at the collection center at LOL uh in Flagstaff
uh a decade before Hubble's Discovery to see that these spiral nebula most all of
them were receding away from each other uh and therefore the if you reverse time
uh in the equation the the conclusion is that there was a point of origin from
which the universe uh began um so the expanding Universe the
nature of galaxies the cosmic distance scale of this universe being very very large which there had been a famous
argument in Washington over a few years before was suddenly seemingly resolved
um tracing this whole motion backwards of course uh meant that there was this
point of origin which later came to be called The Big Bang and now we know is 13.8 billion years
ago well as with all Sciences the early days of Galaxy research consisted
primarily of classification whether it's butterflies or animal bones or minerals
or what have you um before you really understand what's going on on with objects as a scientist you need to
classify them and sort them and work out uh the different types of them in meticulous
detail Hubble worked a lot on this problem early on and he came up in the
1930s with a classification scheme that most all of us at least us older
astronomy enthusiasts are familiar with still this Tuning Fork diagram of the
kinds of galaxies spiral galaxies bar spiral galaxies that have spiral arms
but have a prominent bar through the center of the Galaxy from which the arms
emanate uh or elliptical galaxies big spheres of stars uh those basic types um
he recognized and he wrote about these in a famous book and defined them uh
called the realm of the nebuli which he published in 1936 so for a long time
after this discovery this uh era of class classification of understanding
the properties and types of galaxies went on later classifications added a lot of
types to this understanding of of the kinds of galaxies and what they are and therefore some Clues to their evolution
and a fellow that uh that I got to know uh had the fortune of knowing and I think others of us here as well uh near
the end of his life the French uh astronomer Gerard dealor who went over
to Texas and was at Austin for most of his career uh in the late 1950s and and
early 1960s developed a much more sophisticated classification scheme
that's sort sort of a 3D oval that we call the cosmic lemon sometimes now um
that talks about the details of the bars of galaxies whether a galaxy has rings
of encircling matter how tightly or Loosely wound the arms are and all sorts
of other details and he also added a lot to our knowledge of some strange types
of galaxies like irregular galaxies that seem to be dis big disorganized masses
without much form or peculiar galaxies that seem to be erupting or colliding or
or in all sorts of uh chaos so uh the Hubble first worked on this a lot and
then the Deval scheme is still the Galaxy classification scheme that we use
to today well by the mid 20th century astronomers realized that galaxies are
basic building blocks large scale building blocks of matter in the universe there's Stars gas and dust uh
contain most of the visible matter uh that we know of uh for years astronomers estimated the number of galaxies at
about a 100 billion you may have seen a couple of years ago a pal of ours in a
few years ago now in 2016 an astronomer named Chris conseles who's
in England now published a study that caught wind of a lot of people's attention and and said that maybe there
are one to two trillion galaxies in the universe um but remember that of course
as we know that telescopes are time machines as we look farther
away back in time in the universe and
long story short in an argument that really spiked up in the 1940 50s uh
about how galaxies form it's now clear from Hubble and from other things the
Hubble the telescope uh that galaxies uh form as small objects that come together
by gravity and merge into larger objects so long ago maybe we had a couple
trillion little Proto galaxies now in the current uh if you will Modern Age of
the universe where we are now there's something more like a 100 billion a poultry 100 billion
galaxies closer galaxies to us of course as we know here uh as closer to uh how
they are in in Cosmic time as we're talking
together tonight well where do we start with understanding galaxies uh for some of us
who were lucky and others of us who live in Wisconsin and we can only do this once in a while uh we can wander out
into a dark sky and see the Milky Way the band of the Milky Way um overhead at
at certain times of the night each each year each time of the year um and of course it's the unresolved light the
band of light from our Galaxy's disc uh seen from within and uh deciphering the
structure of the Milky Way took a long long time because it's hard to map a
Galaxy when you're inside it we don't have any uh uh images of our Milky way
of course from the outside because it's really big um and the distances are large uh but on any dark night you can
see the band of light if you're in a really dark sky you can see lots of detail within the Milky Way like these
uh dust clouds along the disc uh and other features of course as well we now
think uh that the Milky Way contains something on the order of maybe about
400 billion stars the number is not very
well precisely known though because the most abundant kinds of stars are M
dwarfs are faint red dwarf stars and they're hard to see over long distances
they're much more abundant these smaller fainter low mass stars than even weight
Stars uh like our sun uh we'll talk a little bit later I
think a tad Tad more about this but the Milky Way is a barred spiral for most of the last century since the discovery of
the Andromeda Galaxy's nature we thought our galaxy was also a simple
spiral galaxy with spiral orange uh but relatively recently we discovered that
it's a barred spiral and we now know what the bar arms and Spurs of our
galaxy look like pretty well and fortunately our sun and our solar system
are out in What's called the Orion armor the Orion spur which is about 26,000
light years out from the center of our Galaxy our Galaxy's disc is at least a
100,000 light years across end to end uh and so we're just a little bit more than
halfway out on one side of our disk um which is a good thing because closer to
the centers of galaxies even relatively well behaved galaxies like the Milky Way
um you can run into all sorts of trouble which we'll talk about as well a little bit more in a moment here so this is an
infed image looking toward the center of our galaxy and you observers probably
know this already but but I'll mention it again if you go out and look toward the constellation
Sagittarius and look between the open cluster uh M7 and the Lagoon nebula if
you draw a line between those two objects about Midway the midpoint of
that line is essentially the direction of the center of the Milky Way um of course we can't see though um
anywhere near toward the center of of our galaxy because there's so much obscuring dust in the way uh we can see
with our eyes and even with our best telescopes typically invisible light about a quarter of the way toward the
middle of our galaxy here for the most part our galaxy does contain a super
massive black hole uh with a mass of about 4.3 Million Suns of our our Sun's
mass which is not a super heavyweight uh black hole but it is a black hole in the
center of our galaxy other hazards as I mentioned as well in the active uh
busy uh dense centers of galaxies like antimatter um and like high energy
radiation frequent Supernova exploding stars and other hazards so it's a good
thing that we're out in the calm Countryside if you
will well this is the Andromeda galaxy Tony H's modern image of it um which uh
is beautiful and like people galaxies like to hang out in groups when they're not in a pandemic um some containing
more than others uh our group of galaxies is called the local group of
galaxies it was named so by Hubble in his book The Realm of the nebuli and we
we have at least 55 galaxies in the local group um but you can see evidence
of what's going on with some of these small galaxies even in this image the
two dwarfs here M32 which is just above the dis there in NGC 205 just below the
dis of the main Galaxy there you can see that the Halo of NGC 205 is Warped there
and that's tidal disruption that's causing that Galaxy to be distorted from
the mass of the main Galaxy the Andromeda galaxy there and what larger
galaxies tend to do to small ones that are near them is to eat them over time and absorb them we know the Milky Way
has done this we know that there's a small dwarf Galaxy called sag dig that
that's happening to right now that the Milky Way is beginning to shred apart
and this will eventually happen to M32 and NGC 205 here so they're may be as
many as a hundred small galaxies in our local group some of which are behind the
discs of the larger ones and too faint to see just like those faint stars that
are hard to see over long
distances the local group contains three primary pretty big galaxies the
Andromeda galaxy is the largest the Milky Way is about uh 60% or 70% is
large as Andromeda and then the third Galaxy big Galaxy in our group is the triangulum Galaxy m33 sometimes called
the pin wheel and you can see it here it's very well known for uh having a
large number of star forming regions in it you can see these pink so-called H2
regions of doubly ionized hydrogen um the big one that is uh above and to the
right of the center of the Galaxy is so large it has its own NGC number it's called NGC 604 and is one of the two
largest star forming regions known uh in the universe it's
enormous uh the triangulum Galaxy is about three million light years away compared to Andromeda is two and a half
million um and it is the third of the major spirals uh so although they exist
in groups there there's an enormous space usually uh between these large
galaxies that separates them but not always funny things can happen
in The Emptiness of space and although galaxies as I mentioned early on are
generally all receding from each other as the universe is expanding and as dark
matter dark I'm sorry dark energy is even accelerating the expansion of the universe but gravity works on smaller
scales as well of course and and so a lot of galaxies that are near each other especially in clusters Rich clusters of
galaxies Collide and they merge and so here's a good example of that fortunately we can
see a lot of these with our telescopes from the backyard like like the great telescopes that that Scott's uh Scott is
providing for us um this is the antenna uh NGC 4038 and9 in corvis and there are
many many examples of of this um in the sky that you can see in a smaller or
moderate telescope um you you can see the disruption I think it's fair to say
in the centers of these two galaxies that are coming together and merging and and how the nuclei of these galaxies
will eventually emerge and become a super Galaxy here's another example NGC 2623
of of merging galaxies a little bit farther down the road um it's not a
terrible thing this kind of Chaos in a galaxy it's simply what galaxies do our
own Milky Way uh we believe the disc of the Milky Way formed about nine billion
years ago as as an ordinary dis Galaxy uh it contained uh perhaps as many as a
hundred tiny Proto galaxies that long long ago in the
history of the that came together and formed this disc and we get to that a
little bit more um in another image here shortly uh and we now know because of our friends at Harvard Avi lobe and his
collaborators um that one day something on the order of about five billion years from now the Milky Way and Andromeda
will actually merge um the Andromeda galaxy is coming toward us at about 320
kilometers per second and although it's a long way off five billion years from now it will hit us right in the face
we'll have a merger and we'll have a big super Galaxy that Avi likes to call
Mila as we move farther out into the universe
uh we encounter larger structures of galaxies of course this is the core of the Virgo cluster which is the nearest
large group of galaxies near us uh it it it contains about,
1300 galaxies of all types all morphological types um it's about the
center of it is about 54 million light years away so the diameter of our local
group which I mentioned is about 10 million light years so five times that
diameter of our little group uh is the center of this big uh group of galaxies
that's near us the Virgo cluster fortunately dozens of bright
Virgo cluster galaxies are visible in backyard telescopes of all kinds so
that's the the sky when in the evening when Virgo is well visible to us is a
Galaxy hunting Paradise the Virgo cluster contains all kinds of galaxies uh dis galaxies of all
kinds and one of the largest of all nearby galaxies m87 which is a so-called
giant elliptical galaxies Galaxy now uh it's clear from what we Now understand
about the Way galaxies form and analogously solar systems form that
typically you get a dis of material coming in gravitationally that rotates and it it angular momentum keeps it
together and it forms a rotating disc well the puzzle was well how do elliptical galaxies form that are huge
spheres of stars and gas um it it was a mystery for a long long time and now the
predominant belief is elliptical galaxies form from mergers and that's how you get them so m87 is a giant
Galaxy uh compared to our hours uh not necessarily across its belt if you will
it's 120,000 light years across our Milky Way
is about 100,000 however it's a sphere rather than a flat disc um of a couple
thousand light years depth so the mass is huge it has 200 times the mass um of
the Milky Way galaxy and you can see maybe here a tiny little jet to the
upper right of the center of this galaxy I don't know if you can see that on your screens very close into the center of
this galaxy a tiny white little jet um that's very short that's actually
material that's being ejected from the central black hole of m87 here which has
a mass of about 3.5 billion solar masses
that's a black hole with a mass of about a thousand times greater than the Milky
Ways black hole also you can see lots of little tiny dim fuzzy Stars scattered around
this field but most all of them are not Stars they are globular star clusters
spheres of really old stars that came together and did not fall into the
Galaxy's Center but stayed uh in these balls of stars um that actually formed
before the diss of these galaxies m87 has about 12,000 globular clusters
compared to the Milky Ways approximately 200 well farther away in the universe uh
lie much more exotic objects here's a spiral galaxy with a slight inclination
and you can see four stars around the center of this galaxy here but what's
happening here is that Albert Einstein once again is proven right this is a an
example of gravitational length in which the the theory of general relativity predicted in
1916 and what's happening here is that there's a bright quazar and that is the enormously energetic center of a young
Galaxy that's exactly behind this galaxy that's much closer and the light from
the quazar is being bent around the Galaxy to form four Images here of the
same object so again do not bet against Albert Einstein
this is one of the deepest images ever made of the of the universe the Hubble
Space Telescope named after our hero of the night tonight um took a a series of
very deep exposures of the sky over time from early on and this is the latest one
that's one of the so-called Hubble Ultra deep Fields it's a tiny tiny piece of sky in the southern hemisphere sky and
if you hold up a finger and look at your fingernail that piece Sky that's shown here is a tiny piece of your fingernail
diameter at your arm's length and yet you can see a couple of bright stars in
this field that have defraction spikes but most everything in this field is a
Galaxy there are 10,000 galaxies in this tiny tiny field of sky and this is how
the estimation of a 100 billion galaxies in the universe is made is extrapolating
this kind of a fi over the sky um these tiny little blue galaxies Proto galaxies
that you can see in this image uh uh that are a few hundred million light years a few hundred million years after
the big bang are what came together and formed uh normal galaxies later on in
Cosmic time well since the 1960s uh as if
astronomers didn't have enough problems uh they piece together the story of lots of high energy objects around the sky
one of the first kinds of these objects that they found uh were radio loud
objects the tiny little bright points that were uh identified in in various
radio cataloges like the third Cambridge catalog this is 3c273 an object from one
of those catalogues and they didn't understand it because it seemed to be extremely distant and yet quite bright
how could that be the mystery uh deepened because Martin
Schmidt at Caltech began to study these in 1963 and he named them quasi Stellar
objects shortened to quazars and then astronomers founded a whole Cosmic zoo of other kinds of high energy objects BL
laerte objects seir galaxies with energetic centers named after the
American astronomer Carl Seaford lots of other types of high energy objects that
mystified astronomers at first however by the 1980s astronomers began to
understand that these were all the same types of objects uh viewed from different geometries and it turns out
that these are again the centers of very high energy young galaxies and what's
happening here is that black holes are powering a lot of these
galaxies the concept of black holes goes back more than 200 years to an English
natural philosopher named John Mitchell who came up with the idea the concept of
dark stars that have such a strong gravitational pole that nothing not even
light can escape them but there was no evidence for black holes until uh
1990 um but really in 1975 uh two famous astronomers one two
Pals of ours one of whom is still here and one of whom is sadly gone now Steven
Hawking and Kip Thorne made a famous bet uh that uh one of the the the first
Stellar black hole would turn out to be a black hole and and famously Hawking lost the bet and had to uh uh get a
magazine subscription sent to his friend Kip Thorne which was Penthouse Magazine
um but anyway the short the long and short of it if you will is that uh by 1990 it was clear that black holes
actually existed uh after more than 200 years and uh soon
thereafter uh a few research teams chiefly John cormand who was also at
Texas and Lewis hoe and their collaborators started finding lots of black holes evidence for lots of black
holes in the centers of galaxies so that it was clear that these super massive black holes lived in the middle of
galaxies well the long long and short of it with this whole mess with high energy
galaxies is that that early on these black holes are very active and they're
emitting a lot of high energy radiation that doesn't fall into the Event Horizon
and get trapped it's being flung out at very high speeds and we see that in objects like this
quazar but when they clear out enough material around them they become
quiescent they go to sleep they relax they the energy dies down and we have a
sleeping normal low energy black hole like the ones that are we believe are in
most all galaxies now including the Milky Way not dwarf galaxies which don't
have enough Mass but most normal Galaxies have a central black hole so
that is the big mystery of high energy
galaxies well a lot of great examples of these you can see around the sky in
telescopes backyard telesc Scopes even this is a pereus a it was called ngc1
1275 that's the giant Beast of a central Galaxy a CD Galaxy it's called centrally
dominant galaxy in the Perseus Galaxy cluster you can see just looking at this
image you can see the chaos that's going on in this galaxy which is powered by a
very massive black hole that's very active in its Center and so what
reawakens these black holes into chaos like this is when more material falls
into the black hole so it's quite likely when our galaxy merges with Andromeda we
will have a shaky crazy energetic future ahead for a little
while galaxies exist in a gently balanced State however between grace and
internal upheaval all the time uh sometimes they can go through these
episodes of Reawakening when stars or gas or other things fall into the
centers and they can uh have what's essentially an episode of The Cosmic flu if you will it lasts for a
while we know our Milky Way and Andromeda will combine eventually in a favorite Galaxy of ours in the southern
Sky sent Tores a this is maybe what Mila will look like in the future this is the
result of a merger of two normal galaxies that have made this large elliptical um mess if you will
many of you have heard of cosmic inflation the period right after the big
bang in which the cosmos hyperinflated almost instantly from about the size of a pee to about the size of a larger than
a grapefruit uh and we can't get into that right now but if that happened which most cosmologists believe it did
it explains a lot of what we see observationally in the cosmos today but let's set that aside uh because if
inflation is true it means that the universe that we see is not the whole universe and in fact the universe could
be infinite but let's be conservative and put that aside and say just the
visible universe that we can see it's a large place and it's spread out the
visible universe that we can see has at least 10,000 billion billion stars in it
and we're in a very very uh exciting time now because we see planets around
us in the Milky Way everywhere we look around star systems as we would expect
uh we know that chemistry is universal throughout the cosmos because of
spectroscopy and we know that uh that the building blocks of life the simplest
amino acids for example are in the only samples of comets that have been returned to Earth so the idea that life
could be common in galaxies is not uh too big of a jump but of course right now we know know of one place and one
place only with life in the universe right here we also know that the cosmic
distance scale even to the nearest star is incredibly unimaginably
large galaxies this is kind of a new phase of research if you will that's
just getting uh under under its feet galaxies may have zones where life is
more likely or or less likely uh habitable zones if you will in galaxies
Rocky worlds as we understand it would offer the best hope of course of of life
and that means metal Rich stars to to make Rocky worlds a Galaxy like the
Milky Way may have a habitable zone mainly in the spiral arms and from about
10,000 to about 30,000 Lighty years out from the center that means we would be
out uh a little bit far away from the uh uh the preferred place for Life farther
out May mean fewer metals and less of a chance of of Rocky worlds farther in May
mean greater dangers but 98 years to the night um after Hubble and his major
Discovery we're still finding out incredible new things about galaxies and
and how they live and just quickly I will mention the book that came out a
year ago that I wrote from random house it's called galaxies that has even more than I said tonight
about this subject and another recent book is cosmic clouds that I wrote with Brian May and then uh all of this you
can follow of course in astronomy magazine so Scott I don't know that we
have I talked so much I don't know that we have time for questions but uh I will
end the show and turn it back over to you okay all right that's great I I'll
read that let me go through this but um Harold lock has a has a comment he says
David your presentation bags the question or begs the question excuse me that uh that Intergalactic traveler
might uh travel might be responsible for our uaps
so well you know we don't know but Intergalactic travel you know we love
movies and we love TV shows and boy I don't know what I'd do without them but
in reality Intergalactic travel is a tall order because photons can travel at the speed
of light 186,000 miles an hour as we're doing now off our computer screens and from light bulbs because they have no
Mass consider the distance scale which I didn't get into but I'll try to make it quick in our solar system even okay
we've traveled if you consider one astronomical unit the distance between the Sun and Earth as 1 centimeter so
that's about that big we've physically traveled a tiny tiny almost invisibly
small fraction of that the edge of our solar system just
our the or Cloud the inner edge of the or Cloud on this scale is 10 football
fields to the right on that scale the near a star to us proximus andari is
four times that distance so to actually to travel with uh Mass things like a
spaceship spacecraft a crew and go these kinds of incredible distances uh maybe a
very very tall order regardless of the technology because of the laws of
physics are the speed limit so I think it's going to be a very tall order to
physically travel around and have people land in Central Park and go to dinner on a Tavern on the Green with us and shake
hands with us but we may know of a lot of other life out in the galaxy and even elsewhere uh because of seti that would
be my quick answer yeah so it is
a go ahead yeah I do have a comment I wanted
to thank David wonderful galaxies uh one of the comments that I wanted to make on
it is that you don't need any money to look at galaxies in fact if it's cater tonight or tomorrow night you go outside
and you look up out of telescope out B oculars you just go to a doer site and
you look up and you'll see the Andromeda galaxy as it appeared over two million years ago and while I have the floor
here I'd like to say that while I was listening to your talk I got an email from William Shakespeare and he said why
don't you get this right the comment that I was writing about and that you
quoted was the comet of 1599 which I was observing as I was writing Julius Caesar
and I wrote him back and I said well I did say that 1599 and he said no you didn't I said yes I did and we had a big
argument we're not talking to each other anymore anyway David good presentation
thank you thank you so much David and what a special thing it would be for people to go out and see the Andromeda
galaxy 98 years to the night after Hubble's discovery that that would be
pretty cool yes that's right uh you know the implications of of all of this uh it
just boggles my mind sometimes because you know there's just it's the
research the work the effort that humans have made to try to understand where we
live how do we fit in what does it all mean okay it's just it's been amazing
it's been amazing it's a it's an almost unbelievable story and uh you know so
it's and and it is a it's a hard look at ourselves you know yourself you know so
it's these are things you know that these subjects that we bring up in uh
Global Star Party are not things that uh are somehow apart from you they are very
much apart of you right absolutely and of course as we've talked before you know we're literally
made of our bodies are made of that we're created in Stars we're
literally star stuff and I don't think you know if anyone any friends or Associates of us are ever
lacking perspective boy does astronomy give us perspective yes it does yes it does uh
Jason gonel uh also known as the vast reaches uh comment he said amazing such
a great presentation that's that's very nice um where do I send
Che Chris Larsson says excellent presentation he said this is why I
rushed home from work so very nice very nice um beatric is uh saying good
morning from Belgium so you have a worldwide audience as you normally do and uh uh it's just really been
wonderful uh David thank you very uh very much for this presentation you know
who else who else could put together uh Encompass all of this in just uh you
know half hour 45 minutes so it's really amazing thank you thank you thanks so
much Scott thank you uh up next is uh Maxi FIS Maxi is down in Argentina um he
wanted to be part of this uh uh presentation I'm glad he is uh I know that he also rushed back from uh uh
something that he was up to so Maxi are you all set
up let's see he's there I ask him to
unmute hello
Maxi oh he says he has to wait some minutes okay I got a message from him okay I tell you what we'll do we will
just move on to the next speaker uh which is fine and um uh let's
see let me get my place in line
here do we have Gary Palmer on with us right
now Gary Palmer no okay all right then let's move over to Molly Wakeling I know
she's here sorry oh you are here Maxi okay sorry about that yes ER I was
having some trouble show H doing the the the live view from my camera and well I
have do you hear me I do okay well let's
wait a minute um and there you are I'm
here I I have a t-shir from Ohio University but that's a friend
who ER well gave me well um thank you again for
inviting me hi everyone good night and tonight what what I'm going to show is a
little tour uh of from the southern Skies if you want to see something from
here I in the city I have some issues with the light pollution but H some Er
pretty cool Global cluster you can see I'm using my C CW camera putting on my
equipment so uh well I want
to showed my screen uh
okay okay do you see it yes we do wow excellent well this is the the
background of my notebook that is outside on the on my backyard and right now I'm
ER guiding to M seven H in Scorpios ER well the guiding is very low
I think I have a little wind but I I want to show you some live view from
from the moment and uh well it's connected and I want to
do some pictures in 10 seconds uh of what H how is how is see
but I think this H Global cluster this open cluster you able to see it from
there well this is a live view of M7 this is right now but 10
seconds before live view I live VI yes there's a lot of stars a lot of stars a lot and also the
the dark ntion here at the left yes and
well right now it's very low here I'm using
Cardel and well I think the the the ti
of the Scorpion you able to see in the northern Skies but H this place to here
I think is very complicated for you and right now ER here I have
Corona Australis this place and I want to stop the The
Guiding so um okay
let's put it again and we're going to be in NGC
6726 so I hope the the
the the the mount is okay so so let's go into C well we are going in hypers space
Point like Star Wars that's right that movie okay so we here we have a global
cluster and also this place is very spectacular oh sorry
and what this is 10 seconds before
and well this let stop and put it a few seconds less
so we can start to move you can see this you can there's nothing to see right now
but uh to the West yes oh it's too
much I think it's okay no Maxi I I like seeing the live view through telescopes like this because uh you know you can
see the uh what is in there yeah you can see what is in there it's
like having a electronic eye on the sky you know and uh um all the way you know
I I I can't hop on a on a plane right now and go to Argentina unfortunately you know oh but here we
are here we are we're in your right this is my live view from down
here wow wow okay
so this is a global cluster yes
and this is the two stars that shining
and reflecting in the dark nebula yes and also this place
here it have the same region and I think in this place is a a new solar system
creating right now so this a it's almost 500 light years from us it's someone of
the ER approaching solar systems in here
so let's do it a a picture of maybe one minute so let's keep talking and also
can make huh I I'm guiding right now so I think the guiding well it's very it's
like a the the the hard um test you know
and well this is a double star I think H this is unfocused this the these are two
stars and so close it's it's so close but you
can see oh sorry I don't think you can hear
that uh well that's the appe tools and well H you can see at the
background it's a lot of stars but here in in this place you can there there's
only a few that's why in the in all this place we have
nebulosity and I think right now it's going to be more
ship this is like we have smoke you know yes but uh the they are very dark nebula
that um is in front of the stars that that they
are behind of it yeah see Maxi you can see that that
area has less stars um yeah because you can see just the faint mulac that would probably be
like what you'd see visually um I I love I love this this is
beautiful niik Aras he he told me that he saw with
his Dobson H this place in the in the farm doing only observation and he told
me that it's a a good place to watch because you almost see this kind of
Reflections on the stars of the and the neula and also in this
place here there's a light well tiny
Galaxy yes but there's not very tiny right right now so uh this is such a
cool region is it is this the same one you show before maxi where you basically have every object within this field of
view right exactly this is all the the field of view that I have with my F4 and
the um comma corrector for an F4 and well also you
got in this place everything you have a Galaxy you have a global cluster you have dou Stars you have nebula you have
everything this is a very good spot to watch and also to to take pictures yes
and this is amazing so well let's see if we can go
another place uh from here to the south in the South well we have the the global
cluster of the peacock of Pavo is here
NGC 6752 so let's stop the
guiding this is more in the the the region more to the
South you know Maxi we had a question earlier in the audience and they wanted
to know how someone who was disabled uh could participate in astronomy you know
uhuh and uh you know of course if you're physically disabled if you can operate a
computer you can operate a telescope just like what you're right now exactly and in fact share that with uh the
entire world as we are right now and um you know it may require some uh setup
that you get initial assistance with but uh absolutely can be done you can also
access other remote telescopes like the mark Slade remote Observatory uh there
is the slooh service that's out there actually there's a number of remote
observatories that you can access and you can be involved in professional SL
amateur projects to search for asteroids or to search for many different kinds of
things that are in the sky with you know orbiting observatories or other types of observatories where they invite amateurs
to participate um we have a young girl an 8-year-old girl in
Brazil uh and nicolina is her name and she is she'll be on one of our
programs here in the next week or so with uh jpl's Dr rosley Lopez and uh
they will be talking about uh her uh potential discoveries of she's got 18 uh
asteroid candidates uh now um being confirmed and
she gets a confirmation on one of them she'll become one of the she'll become the youngest research astronomer in the
world uh she's working with the Catalina uh uh uh Sky survey program you know I
saw a from a national media from here from Argentina that ER they they they
put that story of this little girl you know and also they posted the maxo that
she has with a mount and and you know whoa this is incredible and of course ER
this encourage to everyone to to start
start guing know yes that's and and get involved in all of this because this is
I always say that this is um only the um single only way or how to
say it um so it's um you you can go back it's
only forward you're right so and and of course you can do anything
H you can do observations you can do pictures you can do studies ER today the
the the technology that we have the is amazing with simple equipment you can do
a lot and then you can H start to do
some other things and well this is the the peacock Global
cluster here in the South right now I taking pictures in one minute because
the C maybe will be very white but let's see what we got H
this is a place H where is where is it right now you know
um of unfortunately Alpha and CI and beta centu I'm not able to to capture
because they are very low and I have my my my house and and in my city so yeah
so H I can do you know but I see two huge red
chunks which must be the large and small melanic clouds exactly yes of course so
uh right now I want to show this kind of H quadrant of this place and then maybe
I don't know now one hour more later I want to show this other place that will
be more up you know like I show in
the a couple weeks ago with Adrian I want to to show you the the
Tanta nebula the 47 to to the global cluster we have a
and also a lot of galaxies yes
please all right uh well I don't know what happened ER what is very low here no it
it had to be more time why what yeah I think Molly
likes the southern hemisphere did did you came here sometime
I came I went to Chile in 2019 uh for
thear yeah and went to the otama desert and did a lot of astrophotography and
I'm planning on returning to the ocama desert at some point so excellent excellent you know
Bart you know Bart Bach used to say all the good stuff is in the Southern
Hemisphere and that wasn't too much of an exaggeration that's true there's so much good stuff
down there and what what they're missing out from the northern hemisphere pales in comparison to what we're missing
out yeah is more more weighted to the South that's for sure I agree mly so y
so Mr ier did do you know if Edwin Hubble went to the southern hemisphere
to see the stars don't believe he did did
um we have to check on that you know if did it was South Africa I presume I
don't think he did though because the boen station was down there you know but I I don't believe he
did but you've given me your research project as they say now yeah it'd be interesting to know it' be interesting
to know well here's a a 30- second picture
that changed something and this stars is a very blue
that contrast with the gold stars that blue star looks almost more
like it's in the foreground then belonging to the globular CL in Fr
of yeah if it's blue it's a foreground
star let's see in it's almost nine seconds because now I'm guiding again so
it will be more without the start Trail
and well it I love globular clusters they're first of all cool to look at
because especially visually through a large telescope uh and secondly because of
what they are they're ancient these things are are 11 billion years old
which is crazy because some of some globular clusters are older than their host galaxies and and there's some
thought that globula clusters were around before galaxies were and they
they they all are Molly they're all older than the galactic this okay um and
you know there was a staff member at astronomy years ago who used to say when we did stories on globular all globular
clusters look the same and I thought oh what shame on you I thought
photographically they kind of do you show me the guys that said that and I'll smack on the back of the head
photographically they do kind of look quite similar but visually that's when you start to see shapes in them yeah
yeah you can see and I don't really I don't like to image globular clusters uh
I just and it's never never really the same experience as seeing them visually
uh so I don't I don't really image them much at all um but I love looking at them through big juicy
dobsonians you know it's when I when I see for example Omega centri or also 47
toana it's like you are seeing a little little shiny diamonds
yeah and they are con concentrated in a in in in that Globe
that's looks like a cloud and you know this you if you not watch it directly
will you watch watch it with the the the the left or the right of your eye you
can see how it's shining that that's amazing and of course if you are using a
do onion with a huge aperture wow that's that's a lot yeah that
Technique we call averted Vision yeah you don't look right at it you know you're kind of you know you relax your
eye you relax your you relax and you look away and boom you know something
very faint can turn on uh this is a great technique for Galaxies you know of
course but if you're looking at a globular cluster wow all of a sudden what looks kind of like this Tight Ball
uh now is growing okay because you're starting to see you know thousands and thousands and thousands of more stars
the faint ones and and also you start to feeling the f
that they arrived there and and travel that's a lot of light years and and you
start to realize how is all that yeah thing interesting to think about is
uh if you were on a planet around one of the stars in one of these glob clusters
you would have hundreds or thousands of stars the brightness of Sirius in your
Sky you probably wouldn't be able to see outside the globular cluster really you might not know those other galaxies out
there if your star was had you know if you had so many stars that were as bright as Sirius or Jupiter um you'd
probably have a hard time doing astronomy well I a couple days ago I simulated a vision that with a sky
portal you can do is a a travel to the orbit that star and whoa that's changed
a lot and also changed a lot of perspective of on other stars of where
they are and how we see from here and some Stars they they are might be in in
the same place but another ones you see oh but this is an no it wasn't there for
example yeah but that that's amazing well I I you turned your camera cooler
off did you mean to do that uh I I it's
with the the power supply connected but okay I I I I well let good get
cold I you are the expert Molly I am the Newbie here I only have one month with
this camera and well this is it makes a huge difference having the cooler on I
was on uh on I think I was on here several months ago or earlier this year
and I forgot to turn my cooler on and took two back-to-back images of the Crab
Nebula with the cooler on and the cooler off and with the cooler off you could
barely see the Crab Nebula but the cooler because the noise was so high but
with the cooler on then it really popped right out because the noise right yeah the contrast was much
better because the noise was a lot lower oh excellent it makes a bigger
difference than you might think this camera ER has a well it I
think you can go maybe 20 degrees under the zero but it doesn't
have am glow it doesn't exist you're doing maybe 10 minutes pictures and the
amp glow it doesn't appear that's nice well you see the Pico
Galaxy ah this is very near from that globous
cluster and uh well also in the
peacock I don't know where they saw a peock here and you just a single single
shots right yeah this is not you're not doing any live stacking this is just a a
no a single picture and because I'm guiding right now and also H taking
pictures from one minutes uh well the game is says low I don't know how low it
is but I think maybe 100 I don't know uh but the sorry
the the histogram in this program this is the the ASI program from the the
manufacturer and puts out if I reset it you doesn't
see anything so let's put it out out automatic and shows
everything how dark are your skies H here in my city are worthly six and
seven and right now I'm pointing of course to the South that I have the center of my city so I have
led ER lights Le lights M and all this
place is is like a globe White had really nice picture despite
that really well yeah it's a small town we maybe um well I did I post a picture
of the the quartet of um oh I forgot the name sorry the um I have the picture
here um
uh do you see the picture the the the screen or you see we are still seeing any desk ah sorry uh I have to stop
sharing and let's go again so this is the picture that I took
a couple days ago and for example let's see some some one this is only a single
picture oh that looks great and these are that's nice oh I
love this I love this yeah that's nice this is the the the the quartet of a the
name go goes out for my mind sorry Leo Trio right no not no no what is this no
this is a different one yeah not the Box not the Box either this is a different one this is a southern hemisphere one
yeah sorry that's that's going sorry it's a it's a shame of me that I don't remember the name sorry
what what constellation is it in I don't remember remember worri no worries I my
mind is right now blocked it's okay one of the billions of galaxies out there yeah that's a that's a tip to put the
name in the file name yeah yeah I I I'm like I said I am
a newbie um yeah but you're taking pictures like a pro so very cool it's
cool it's really fun when you when you when you're starting you know new and you start taking pictures how you found
it the the quartet of Gru or that's what I was trying because I've
seen this uh visually I saw it visually when I was in in Chile and I was trying
to remember what conation it was but yeah gruce well here are only four
principles of the galaxies but there are us there is a lot really a lot of
galaxies you know I really love when you can see the different types of galaxies I mean and of going back to what David
iker's talk you know the the hubo classification of galaxies and seeing
different types I love like Bard or Edon or elliptical you know different angles
of different structural all in the same view like these are just beautiful I love this pairing it's really nice and
especially I mean that's with photographically but to be able to do it visually as well larger really I I
couldn't believe it when I took this you know all this kind of galaxies yeah and
in this place and I don't think I I don't know if in this place there are a
gravit gravit grav lensed yeah exactly yeah that maybe
because it it's look like world oh right it looks like an Einstein ring around it
does like you can see the kind of the four dots on along the edge there I it's a hot on my list to do one of those
gravitationally lensed galaxies next time I go somewhere dark um well another
thing there a b a basic thing I mean think about it this is basic equipment uh and and you're actually seeing red
shift I mean you can tell those galaxies are further away by their color and uh
you know so so depending on the colors that come through like as you start to see further and more orangey or yellow I
Me Maybe Molly you can talk to this more but you know you you can start to see just by the colors you're actually
seeing the distance in a way
right yeah I'm trying to uh possibly I'm trying to think um at what point you
kind of it starts to become more noticeable I know you can um like like
the little guys in the back of of images I've I've gotten ones showing up in my images that are as far as 3 to 600
million Lighty years away um I don't remember off hand where the red shift starts to become obvious uh but you can
also there are some quazars that are magnitude 12 or 13 easily within the
reach of stacking images from a you know an 8 inch telescope um and doing one of those has
been on my list as well there's no detail in them they're just kind of blobs but you know that you're Imaging
something that is a billion light years away a 100 million
right I I don't know I I random a Galaxy in Sky portal and when I go to the info
they say it was 800 million yeah light year you know yeah some of some of those
little guys in the background are several hundred million light years away which is extremely cool
and just blow your mind yeah it blows your mind yeah 100 times further than
what that is the most accurate statement tonight yes yeah exactly a whole order
of magnitude further look there's a little cluster there check that out
um of galaxies yeah little Galactic cluster what size telescope is uh are
you Imaging with um eight inches 200 millimeters it's a good size see you
are seeing an Imaging stuff that is so far away with only eight inches of
aperture you know that's what gets me with with astrophotography like fact that you know I can throw the stuff and
we can all we can throw the stuff in the back of our cars right drive you know take it somewhere set it up you know an
hour or so or maybe less and image things that are hundreds of millions of light years away I mean think about what
people would say if you were telling to this to them like a 100 years ago or 50 years ago you know if you were hanging
around geod daro Bruno you would have been burned at the stake for it
so yeah like he was well even the technology the the
technology we have for a few hundred dollars used to cost millions of dollars 20 30 years ago
yeah that we have in our you know we have in our hands that's
right wonderful thank you that's for now I hope or if you want
to be tuned ER maybe I don't know if two hours but yeah
come back come back I will be well I will be online but maybe to the after party if you'll be
tuned maybe we can be in well 47 to Ghana
or also the yes tant nebula another galaxies
like well well you know the the SC sculpture Galaxy but there are some
another ones that I will have really I hope the the cloud it does does have a
problem let's see the weather well there's a lot of things that are that we can see from the Northern Hemisphere but
they're very low like a lot of things in Sagittarius and Scorpius so having them
be up high for you gives a much sharper and nicer view than we can typically get from up here so you might have a better
view of the sculptor Galaxy than than we get because it's so low yes I I will have it ER over my head
and also scul gxy you if you are in darkness Skies you can also watch it
with binoculars oh nice that's amazing well thank you again thank you for
invite me and well ER I I will be here I will be listening I have to do some
other things but I will be in the after party to to still ER showing the sou
some part of the Southern atmosphere wonderful wonderful well thank you for taking on this wonderful Voyage so okay
okay so we're going to go from Argentina now to uh the UK uh to Gary Palmer uh
Gary thanks for coming on hey Co hi everyone hope you're all
well yeah everybody's good I think so it's h it's been a Fantastic Voyage
learning about uh the expansion of the universe and uh you know and it's not
over we've got we've got some great programming coming up uh so including you Gary so let's let's um yeah it was
quite interesting this because you said to me about it and I went Y no problem we we jump on that and get on it and I
thought we've imaged some stuff this week um let's have a look and try and find it easier said than done um right
so I challenged Gary to find to find the variable that was that Hubble found in
1923 yeah it was a little bit of a headache and and there are a couple of reasons and I suppose we take a lot of
this for granted now because I looked at the plates um that was the first place I went just have a quick browse over those
and the the first thing that's noticeable is you're lucky if you got 30 stars in an image on the plate yeah
maybe a couple more whereas I'm looking at one of my images from this week and
there's somewhere around 2,000 Stars that's where image and also um the way that we
uh our cameras are really sensitive filters we use everything else so now we can bring out all of the Dust Lanes um
and you'll notice that on the plate uh side of things that the dust lanes are not that visible so it's only really the
core um one of the upper uh dust Lanes that's visible so it was quite a
challenge to try and drop in on the area and and have a look and see what was
going on um but I have been listening into some of the program even though
I've been quite busy on some other stuff um and listening to um David and that
was uh quite interesting on a lot of the explanation to the the galaxies um but I
I suppose in our world they've got very very popular now because they are easy to image that is the the key thing and
you you can go out and image galaxies with very very little um equipment now
really a camera and a lens and you're starting to pick up some good detail and certainly on larger
galaxies so I thought we'd have a look at this and see how we managed to sort of homeing in the area um I did pull up
the Hubble image as well um to sort of try and reference this off and uh work
from there and I have to say um it took most of the afternoon to really drop in
anywhere close to this uh on the images so if I share the screen over
no Gary before you show it how long was your exposure um this is an hour now we
were clear earlier this evening so I did try an hour exposure grab a three minute
shot of this and see whether we could do the same thing um hoping that it would actually cut down on the stars in the
image um generally when we image Andromeda quite a lot of people will
remove the brightness the intensity of the Stars just because there's so many now with the modern cameras so h
um this is what makes it quite hard and if you're looking for something quite faint um the last thing you want to do
is to start removing the intensity so if I share over this screen did you try did
you try doing any kind of plate solving on the original Hubble image to narrow down location issue is if you actually
start going into this um it's not that well documented on exactly where it is
apart from Hubble images and the original plate images if you start running into simed and different other
areas and try and locate it it's really really hard right and I know that there
are some papers written on it but I didn't have enough time there are there is a HD number associated or Associated
around it so it's really really hard to actually reference it so um the image
that I was working on if I just uh transfer this over give me a second
now Hubble's image was a 45 minute exposure yeah okay in
1923 and you just you you you're only getting a tiny fraction of the you know
the view uh you just because of exposure uh that you are here in the
show there that was image that was the Hubble image
taken so that's where the area that we're looking in um and we're certainly
not going to get into this resolution here but even this is blown up um around
600 times this is double space telescope right so again I didn't hear you this is
Hubble Space Telescope y right that's yeah so it was sort of referencing it
off of this um having a look around and and trying to work out what was um going on so first thing was um start getting
it all together get it into P insight and then I thought there's well there's way too many styles in there to start um
really having a look around uh for something that small so it maybe um to actually invert the image so
I took different things took the Styles out did other things to try and come up with this image here um but what I was
actually doing was working on the monocular and as you see there I'd inverted it in
the background to try and bring it back to sort of the plate so you're trying to remove as much of the the uh stuff in
the background um to jump onto this and it is really really awkward um the color
cameras are not easy because they're actually added more noise and more Distortion to the image so that that's
the key thing and I don't have any uh current stuff from mono so going on
their image I came into this area here um if we zoom out on this actually see
that it comes into here what it doesn't do um is really show up that well
compared to the Hubble image in mono so then you have to go back to the color once you found the area yeah and bring
it up in um Photoshop and start playing around with it in there so I'd actually ended
up I zoom in on this you know Gary I I assume this would
be a slam dunk I thought that you would be able to get this SE variable so
easily I mean we did have quite a bit of high cloud in the week when I was running this so that's causing oh yeah
on the edges of the stars but we're in this area here okay exactly in there
from what I can make out it's either this one here or this one here I so hard
to tell from the Hubble image um I haven't got a blown up copy of the plate
I'd need to download it and play around with it and rotate it in the right directions to pull the stars out but
that is the area that it's in and that's referencing off of these uh hydr and
Alpha areas here yeah and the blue stars here and if you actually follow this
circle round on the Hubble with image you end up with this little dark structure there now it's sh two stars
now I've got a green star there that's actually showing as green underneath it
but these are really really faint these are really hard to see and when you look at the Hubble image um not even sure if
that's a star or a noise pixel so when you're looking at the zoomed in Hubble image there that's how tiny the star is
so really a little bit of this was well the equipment out there was a 90 mm
telescope can we resolve it with that so I think we're not far off of it and probably if we had a mono camera on
there right we would resolve it but one thing to absolutely say is that
although uh you know the you're you know that shot by gendler and your your image
is amazing and in the amount of detail that's there when you look at the resolving power of the Stars you know
how tiny the stars are and how far they're spaced apart um with the 100 in
even seeing it from 1923 you can tell the advantage of of aperture you know
yeah you can and that's the key thing and um you know unfortunate enough here
to have a d Sky site if we had a sort of another week or two on this I'd probably put one of the the 925 up or a 10 inch
up and drop into the area with a close-up mono camera and we would probably resolve it quite simple um but
I did also go back on a couple of images but most of the images I do um of this
sort of thing the Galaxy is are normally one shot color so I haven't got a lot mono
detail on this but I have to say it's not the easiest of challenges yeah uh
wandered across you know but then it's kind of like trying to recreate the rri brothers aircraft or something you know
so yeah they flew and Kitty Hawk but uh there was uh there have been lots of
students and scientists that have tried to rebuild a flying model of the wri brothers aircraft and it ain't so easy
yeah that's the thing if you look at the plate you can see that the styles are quite
defined um and even if you're looking at the color image here yeah there's far
more stars in the area so the color is going to distort on some of the stars
but switching it to Mono just uh makes it really really hard to um try and locate it uh exactly I was actually
surprised that there's not a lot of reference into to it there's a lot of referencing to you know uh the the
advances in astronomy that were made through uh the star but not actually
referencing it on its location and different other things you would think that there'd be other astronomers that
would want to repeat these measurements to verify that it is a seed and that's that's a true case there would be
records of that it seems like yeah I mean I did do some quite extensive searches on it yesterday um and as I
said there's a couple of papers on it but there's not a massive amount sitting around on it it seem I I think
the issue is that once everybody gets up to Andromeda they want an Andromeda image um and to pick off a
star um it just doesn't happen right you know so a lot of other people might be
looking at it well they're going to walk into the same area that I have that it's going to take a lot of power to resolve
it so you're going to be 10 12 in telescope something like that to get in
there and in a fairly dark sky sight to do it um but I did have a I think it was that
one yeah this was one of the images from earlier today so we're in the same area
there yeah so we're circling around on those into that area there and I'm
pretty sure it's that one there that's showing up as green yeah in the actual color one shot color
image I think it's so there you go that was as far as I got with your uh your challenge uh in sense
right we were there you know it is there and I think if I played around my it a
lot more and Drew it out that we would get it um but from the data that I've
got on file certainly from this year if I have a look back through last year's stuff we might have some stuff there that might be able to pick it
out about eight years ago I did some closeup stuff on the dust Lanes so there might be some files there that would
hold it yeah um they would done on sort of 10 in 12 in uh telescopes at the
time lately in the last few years really it's just about grabbing the whole of the Galaxy and getting as much detail as
possible so right um yeah but very interesting anyway is it was interesting
reading up on it and uh certainly interesting uh looking at quotes and some of the other things I'm glad you
dug into it you know sometimes I like to uh uh to go back and see what you can
find in old images and um you know just to try to put you know put all the
pieces the connections together you know because it all connects to right now you know so uh it's so it's it's part you
know it is part of this continuous journey of exploration and Discovery uh and it's great to be able to look back
on these historic images you know so I can see why a lot more things were
discovered in the past than what are discovered now I think there there is a lot more there you know we
know a lot more we see a lot more um and we have a general thing of sort of going
through you know a list of targets or we see an image online somewhere and we think yep I want to image that and away
we go and we're off doing that but I always say the same thing that once you
got a camera on a telescope you lose 99.9% of the sky because that
telescope's trained on that object for x amount of hours you know true it might be you know 50 hours through
you know a month of um capturing that Target and all that time other things
are going on you know comets are coming all kinds of stuff supernovas are
exploding you know so and it's very easy I think social media has helped with it because you see a lot more images coming
online you know when you look at some of the arguments that going on at the time around this um you know and believing
that uh Andromeda was part of the Milky Way um you can see where it was going um
and the way that people thought on that just by their limitations you know the limitations in the equipment sure um but
yeah yeah very interesting very cool well I um uh you know uh John Briggs is
is waiting in uh in the wings and comes on in a couple of speakers uh but uh I
like this idea of challenging astrophotographers to go back after some
historic discoveries so uh you're you're likely to see another uh challenge come
from from us so I I'll collaborate with John on that you know I know that he's a shin be a good source you know to to uh
say Scott did you did you think about this one you know so Pi me I want to play I want to play you want to play
okay yeah any any of you guys watching out there that you photography you want to play with this then then yeah we'll
have the uh we'll have the uh historic Discovery challenge you know so yes yeah
we we just need a few clear nights we we have suffered with a lot of high Cloud so I think that's what's you know the
last month has been really really difficult on Imaging here oh sure yeah so yeah but it's certainly worth a
revisit I think with one of the large Scopes and just see what we can pull out okay just fun of it very cool Gary
you've inspired me I'm I'm looking at some of my stuff and I might have something to show later cool excellent
that's what it's all about wonderful well up next is uh Molly Wakeling um
Molly's been uh chiming in uh on this program I can tell her excitement at uh
was building and building as uh as she was looking at Maxi's live views of the Southern Hemisphere and uh you know Max
uh uh uh uh Molly loves a challenge she
loves science and uh you know we're so so lucky to have her on our programs um
and so Molly I'm going to turn it over to you um for I guess another great episode of Astron astronomo yeah
astronomo is Universe I think yes uh yes I kind of have an interesting
topic tonight um let me share my screen
yeah that one hop on over to my
presentation all right does that show up okay because I've got like an ultra wide screen now yeah yes it does okay cool
um oh are you seeing the presenter viiew yeah that's a present okay yeah let me
sorry let me fix that real quick to I think there's actually a button that lets you
swap um I thought there was that's okay I will do
this share that screen instead okay there we
go that should that should work well enough um oh weird it's like captioning
me now turn that off okay sorry um yeah so normally uh during the segment I talk
about an interesting in deep Sky object that I've imaged and want to dive deeper
into what that object is and why you should care about it when you go to observe it and I I I would have done M31
for this for tonight since that would be the obvious choice however I just did
that one recently so I decided I needed another strategy and I was trying to think of a a significant a Target that
was significant in kind of building up the distance slider that I had actually IM before and then I thought well have I
imaged any Sethi variables at all so I do variable star Imaging for the
American Association of variable star observers and I have quite a bit of a backlog of data I'm still trying to work
through from earlier this year and so I went and looked at the
seied variable database and compared with ones that I had imaged and none of
them were showing up but then uh soon I thought okay well I'll go choose another star
uh that's just kind of interesting to talk about among variable stars and compare it to seian variables but then
as I was annotating my data sets I I saw that are you C
cop I practiced
paralus I practiced this earlier I like it are you Cam part no I'm not no I'm
not my problem was I practiced it in my head but not out loud so I need to tell it to my cats
yeah and uh that it is actually uh a seied variable but a type two seids
that's why it wasn't showing up in uh in the databases I was looking in so I'm G
to talk about this cool star uh are you chemel chop paralus yes which is a
northern constellation that we are stuck with or are you cam for short yeah yes
all right so what is it it is a type two seian variable star uh of a specific
subclass called w virginis a lot of variable stars are named the the
subclasses of variable stars are named for like the first star or a prominent
star that exhibits the same behavior as the star so um like if you ever heard of
miror variables or SE sephi variables named for a star in SEI that was that
was discovered with this with these characteristics um or r r lay variables
they're named for like a prominent star that exhibits the same characteristics so this is a w virgous
variable what's interesting about it in addition to the fact that it's a type two seid is that it's also a carbon star
and it's pretty unusual to have a carbon star that is also a sephi variable so
I'm G to talk about what both of these things are in a minute but this kind of the first glan it what's interesting
about this particular star so where can you find our UK cam it
is in the northern hemisphere so sorry Moxy andar on tonight sorry
sayar um it's quite far north as you can see on this finder chart here it is in
the vicin it's not too far away from m81 and M82 which my M up here annotated
here and we've got Ursa Major constellation with kind of the The Familiar Big Dipper so it's it's in that
Northern vicinity so some fast facts about it it
has a h variable period of 22 days so that's the time it takes to go from
actually I can't remember I can't remember if it's bright to dark to Bright or if it's just bright to dark if that's the full period or the half
period I meant to go look that up and forgot uh it is 5,170 years away uh it
was uh I couldn't find I mean so so a lot of these like kind of less um like
things that aren't deep Sky objects don't really have like it was discovered by kind of names because there's so many
stars out there like you know when has somebody discovered a star uh per se but
it was reported at to be a variable star by uh vold saski in
1907 as an apparent magnitude in the r of 8.1 to 9.8 which actually makes it
pretty accessible to visual observing that's not that's not a very dim star at all so uh easily accessible with cameras
pretty accessible visual observing as well and it has a mass of a little more
than half of the Sun's mass that symbol there is the symbol we use for for solar
mass so what is a type two seid so the picture that's here in the background is is one of my pictures uh with my
Newtonian that I used to do my variable star Imaging and I've got the I've got Ru cam circled there in the middle and
it's annotated with its ra the ra and deck lines around it so a type two seid
is they're generally population two stars which so there's three populations of stars uh pop one are and it goes
backwards population one stars are stars like our sun stars that have a lot of metal content and an astronomer speak
metal is anything heavier than helium So like um things you wouldn't
normally considered to be metals like oxygen and nitrogen are considered
Metals in the astronomy community so it's kind of funny uh population two
stars are older don't have as much Metals in them called the metal poor
tend to be lower Mass and uh population three stars are the the first Stars even
though it's just kind of backwards that have almost no metal in them because these these were the first Stars they were just hydrogen fusing into helium
and we've not actually found any pot three stars they tend to have they tended to have shorter lives because
once they burned through the helium there wasn't much else left to burn at that time uh so but as as stars burned
heavier and heavier materials burning up the up the mass chain uh then when new
Stars would form they would be seated with with those heavier materials like
carbon that it could burn later on in its life in order to live a longer life
so um so that that's like our star has a lot of metals in it population two stars
like type two seads tend to be are a little more metal poor and that influences their end of life Behavior
pretty significantly uh fainter than classical seids that I misspelled there um so
class classical sephi is like like the one that was discovered in M31 and uh
but because there's a population two stars and they tend to be more in the red giant phase they're not as bright as
as classical seids um however like all sephi variables they exhibit a strong
relationship between their luminosity and their period so uh type two seids
can also be used to calibrate the distance scale uh thank you for turning off your
mic um can you also be used to calibrate the distance scale when there's not other available distance scale uh
markers to to use because they have that relationship between luminosity and their period which just like an M31
allows us to know how uh what the stars in like actual Luminosity is compared to
how we see it and of course it will appear dimmer if it's farther away um
the V the W virist subclass are type two seids that uh that have periods between
10 and 20 days approximately there's not really hard C offs and they're they're pretty fast and loose with the uh with
the cut off definitions so 22 days that's close to 20 it's going to be a w virgin star sub
subass uh W Virgin of stars are usually at the point where they're starting where they're having this this
periodicity this variability are undergoing hydrogen or helium shell
burning as they're getting into their ASM totic giant Branch phase which I know is a lot of like Stellar Evolution
words I'm tossing around here um but uh over here on the right I have an HR
diagram our HT sprung muscle diagram that um was a little bit poorly made by
one I found on the internet that has the Stars spectral class which has to do with its luminosity and and it's um uh
it's it's it's surface temperature and the absolute magnitude of the star on
the y axis here and it kind of outlines the different types of star so here's
the main sequence band where our sun lies kind of more in this middle region
here and um let's see I spotted it earlier yeah W virgous stars are in this
um ASM totic giant phase it's um changing between being kind of a more
more main sequence type star and becoming more of a red giant so it's becoming redder and it's becoming
brighter as as they kind of progress through this Branch here and actually the physical
properties of type two seids are not really well understood so uh there's there's not a whole lot out there about
what physical processes are causing them to vary in that way and and and um why
they operate differently than than classical seids so more work to be done there it sounds
like um yeah so uh carbon so this it's also a carbon star which is interesting
so carbon stars are asymptotic giant Branch Stars basically luminous red giants as we saw on the last slide their
atmosphere contains more carbon than oxygen and it's kind of referred to as being Sy which is is the opposite of
most stars most stars have more oxygen than carbon in their outer layers and this is a result of so so when a star
burns out its hydrogen Supply it starts to burn helium instead but helium doesn't give as much energy as hydrogen
so the star will uh the star will end up compressing because it's not putting out
as much energy to resist the pole of gravity once it compresses to a certain amount the temperature rises and that
allows helium to start burning which and when I say burning I really mean fusing
um to uh but kind of use use burning and uh
yeah yeah there's some there's some analogies there yes um and it starts to
starts to fuse helium instead which doesn't give us much of an energy return and requires a higher temperature to
fuse and uh you can kind of move move up Mass chain this way and some other
processes happen as well that eventually get you to carbon and that carbon from deeper within that required the higher
temperatures to fuse is then brought up via convection to the surface of the
star and then the light that's being emitted from the middle of the star has to pass through that carbon layer making
a star appear a very deep red long story short carbon stars are
red they have a lot of carbon in their upper layers now um this plot's not really
related to carbon stars but I didn't have another place for it as I was looking for some for some details on
ruam I found a paper published in 1941 by none other than the the famous
Cecilia Payne so that was cool to find sort of an original paper on her
variable star workk that she got into after her initial uh kind of major
discovery that the sun was made of hydrogen and helium in her doctoral thesis in 1925 which was disputed at the
time and then later everybody realized oh she's right and one of my favorite things about her paper I I read through
it and she pretty much only references other female astronomers in her in her in this paper which I just
loved yes it was really fun so it's cool to be
able to dig through this stuff most of so much of it's online yeah and uh you
know you can reach right back into history you know yeah and clearly these are handdrawn
plots which you know we don't do today but you know you think about the amount of precision that you know this is a
scientific paper you got to get those points exactly where they belong on these axes and um like that takes some
work and these axes are actually kind of hard to interpret I was trying to read the the uh the caption the figure
caption is kind of it's kind of odd but um uh yeah this this is data off for Ru
cam U it's a orbital per period and visual and photographic magnitudes which
differ because of the photographic plates are more sensitive to Red while our eyes are more sensitive to Blue um
and uh lots of other information about it so that was kind of a fun
find so uh observing you can observe are you chop
chop camelopardalis cop paralus I keep W you the EMP the emphasis on the wrong
salable yes um so yeah sorry no
that's move right ahead Molly thank um so I I mentioned earlier it's pretty
bright relatively speaking so you can certainly catch it in a telescope if you've got a good finder chart on you
and it is circumpolar for uh for see I I didn't look and see what
what the minimum latitude was for it being circumpolar but probably certainly all of Canada and the upper United
States and probably the entire United States and some of Mexico um it's circumpolar but it's the highest in the
sky in the evenings in March uh magnitude 8 to 10 is pretty easy to see
in most telescopes and are most conditions and the American Association of variable star observers does actually
accept visual observations of variable Stars so
there's a technique to it you have to compare the brightness to some comparison Stars visually of known
magnitude but they do welcome generally visual observations of a lot of variable
Stars however ruam is not really being actively studied it's a legacy star but
I I still submit data on it because it was a star that I could reach at that time of year so I'm still processing
that data from last March photographically very short exposures uh in fact I was taking 30
second exposures on on this rig here um they don't have this picture doesn't have the right camera on it I have a QSI
583 on there now um and I was taking 30 second exposures and was overexposing
ruam in most of the Bands I was observing so I've doed to 15c exposures
at one by one binning and um yeah it's it's pretty easy to pick up and you can
submit photographic observations I have photometric filters but they will also
accept um transformed um what they call TG filter
which is uh let's say you have a color camera or like a green filter a green
regular Imaging filter you can calculate some transformation coefficients with a piece of software they have and you can
submit observations even just without photometric filters so it's pretty
cool uh so I was furiously this afternoon trying to go through my backlog of data that I have from March
to try and put up a cool plot of all of my OB a of it uh but alas I did not get
very far and um I only got a couple of observations of it done so here's a very
uninformative chart but it's a cool reminder that when I submit data to the
aavso it it's in a database and uh researchers and students and teachers
can download data from the database to do analysis on so my couple of data
points here are part of a larger pool of data points if somebody ever wanted to use this as an example of a type two
seid and and plot its light curve you could go on and download this data and
do that so it's very cool to be a part of Science and a lot of professional
astronomers will pull data from their database to uh supplement their observations or to do some analysis on
uh to support their other works so um I have submitted oh I should have gone and
looked um I'm in I'm in the several hundreds of observations submitted now
of across all the stars that I do and every week I get an email from the aavso
saying uh which of my data sets were pulled as part of research so it's very
cool to be able to participate in in that way as well um so yeah that's a areu cam
and uh a VAR variable star much like the one in M31 that really open opened up
our eyes to how big the universe actually is yes yes and the journey
continues yeah well okay so we have um
uh we have come up I think to our first 10 minute break um which we're going to
take uh and then we come back to Jerry Hubble Jerry I challenge like like Gary
Palmer I challenged Jerry to um uh research how Edwin Hubble actually
measured the seafit variable in uh um yep you know in that in that old plate
in 1923 versus how we do it today so um you know found a couple of good
interesting things to think about and um and we'll talk about that okay great all
right we'll be back in 10 minutes uh stretch your legs get a coffee get a sandwich and we'll be right
back
the Space Telescope was named for Edwin Hubble the great astronomer who did much
of his pioneering work in the 1920s at Mount Wilson Observatory in
California in those days our own galaxy The Milky Way was considered the
entirety of the universe nearly everyone even Einstein believed the universe had
existed forever in its present state that it was eternal and
unchanging but humble would prove them all wrong he began by figuring out how far
away the Stars he was seeing actually were at the time of Edwin Hubble it it
was hard to measure distances it still is even today it's difficult to know if a star
appears bright because it is actually bright or simply because it is close to
us so Hubble searched for a rare type of star called a seid variable seids pulse
at a known brightness so by measuring the amount of light he could see he
could calculate how far away the star actually was in October 1923 Hubble found a sepid
in a gaseous cluster of stars then called the Andromeda nebula it yielded a
shocking Discovery and when he actually did the calculations he discovered Andromeda was roughly a million Lighty
years away from it which was outside our galaxy Andromeda was its own Galaxy oh
there are other galaxies out there we're just one of them for the first time in history there was evidence that our
universe stretched far beyond the Milky Way but then what he did was we measured
the speed of a whole bunch of these galaxies Edwin Hubble measured speed by
looking at the light the galaxies emitted he knew if the Galaxy was moving toward him the waves would shorten and
shift to the the blue part of the spectrum if it was moving away the waves
would lengthen and shift to the [Music] red every distant Galaxy bubble looked
at it saw the light from it being red shifted which meant everything is moving away from everything else and he found
the further away they were the faster they were going in fact the universe
itself was expanding stretching the light from the galaxies Edwin Hubble had changed our
understanding of the cosmos forever the whole universe was clearly expanding and
so this was the discovery of the expansion of the universe you know which Einstein said well that's crazy right
the discovery of the expansion of the universe of course was a very strong piece of evidence for a beginning if
everything is now expanding you can run this backwards and see that everything should have started from a certain point
or singularity what we today call a big
bang hi friends Vivian white here from the NASA night sky Network and I just want to invite you all to join us for
the global moon party happening October 9th uh from 300 p.m. on uh that specific
time 6:00 p.m. eastern time we are going to have such a blast we have great folks
from the international observe the moonight joining us we have NASA friends from the visualization studio and moon
TS and uh all over the place we have Icelandic poets to talk about the moon
presenting new work that they're doing um space agencies from around the world
will join us and we hope you will too please uh get the word out let everyone
you know who loves the moon know that we are kicking off the international observe the moon night this October 9th
see you [Music]
[Music] there okay we're
back you're echoing SC some reason I'm
echoing is it supposed to say it like this for some reason I'm
echoing isn't October 9th a new moon that's a new moon
today okay because I thinking like it's gonna be hard to observe the moon when it's when it's dark well it's the
kickoff party you know so the kickoff party
so yeah that week starts what on the 12th or something is first quarter yeah today is the new moon okay and it's
cloudy here yep it's cloudy here too clear right outside those clouds you know so f
i just G to a really tall tower or Space Telescope Molly I really
enjoyed your presentation it was great in fact I've enjoyed all the presentations it's it's uh it's awesome
and uh so I think I think from time to time I am really going to seriously get
U uh started with u trying to do um you know the implications of historic
observations and then challenge uh our astronomers to make similar observations
you know I think that would be very cool but up next is uh Jerry Hubble Jerry has
uh has has he's one of the guys that uh like a is in the best tradition of
amateur astronomers where they break the boundaries you know they do things that um that a lot of people would think
would be impossible for an amateur to do and uh so Jerry's very involved with exoplanets and he does this with a
fairly small telescope so um but uh this week uh we are focused on uh seafit
variables and I challenged Jerry to find out how um Edwin Hubble made his
determination that uh you know how he measured the sea variable how did they do it back in 1923 versus how they do it
now so I'll turn it over to you Jerry yeah that so this challenge was given to me earlier
today I figured you need what half an hour so to figure it out yeah about a half an hour so there's two there's the
first approach where you go find and find direct evidence or documentation on the internet somewhere that says what
his technique was and what he did and I I did not find anything the short period of time I've had to look
so what I had to do the second way to do it is just to understand the time period
and what they what what equipment they had and what techniques did they have available to them and the way I would do
it back then with those with those techniques right so the techniques are
uh they had photographic plates they didn't have CCD images they had
microscope accessories okay they had um um they had that type of stuff they
didn't have any electron measuring device per se now early in the
30s and 40s when electronics and tubes were coming about there was a thing there's an instrument called a
densitometer that was developed an electronic densitometer that was basically used a photo multiplier to to
measure and with the light shining through the film it could measure the density of the film and then you could
scan a photograph or glass plate and understand the brightness of the object but that wasn't I don't believe that was
in place in the in 1923 I think they had to take the photographic plate with a with a
microscope and and I'll talk about some other things that beforehand but the diff typical or the the way they would
have done it I think is they would take a microscope and measure the diameter of the star because the diameter of the
star is proportional to the magnitude and you see that on Star Charts today the way they're drawn you see that on
our images today that they look typically uh bigger diameter and that's
because of the the um the threshold of of drawing the pixels on a on on an
image right you say Okay pixels of this brightness will show up on the image and
the brighter a star is the profile is the same it's a it's a gaui and shape profile it's called the point spread
function but the brighter the star it spreads the light gets spread out even further and further it gets brighter and
brighter until you saturate the CCD image so um that's how it works works
with film also the brighter the brighter the star the the the bigger the uh the
diameter of the star so that would be the way that he probably measured the magnitude of the Stars basically on the
diameter of this the image through a microscope okay so I don't think and if
he understood I'm sure they understood that the profile of the brightness of the star was a gaui in shape because of
the Optics and the way um defraction works with a circular aperture that's
what it forms a a a profile like that so he could he basically determined the
magnitude of the star uh in in M31 with the based on the diameter
through a microscope measurement I think um the other thing I'm curious there was
I couldn't really find anything with this I didn't have a lot of time but how did he know that was a seed variable how
did he know he had to make he had to do time he had to do several right images and do a
light curve right over time to determine it was variable and then he had to see that the
shape was correct for a seid variable so I'm wondering if this image
that he took you know 98 years ago was the last in a series of images that he
plotted the brightness and said that's a ciid and that's when he said variable
had to be had to so that was so I had to be long sequence of images I don't know how many it would be it's over a thei
had what the type one is like four days or something I'm not sure how what the cycle is but he had to do several
Cycles so now you got all the stars in in the Galaxy right how do you how do you know which
ones are changing and which ones aren't that you can see so you have to do some kind of blink comparator like what um
when was discovered and Carolyn Shaker was using a blink comparator right so you had to be able to pick up the fact
that this star was changing in brightness over that field through a microscope I don't know how you would do it I guess he had a microscope and a
blink comparator that would switch out images or something or yeah you know I don't know what the mechanism would be
but that's how that's probably how it would was done a mechanical blink comparator that goes between two
different plates and then you can look through a microscope at an area of the star uh where the stars located and see
it uh that's the only way I could think of that it would work um so that's that's the basic technique
I so in comparison how would we do it today well one of the things
um one of the other interesting things is I'm wondering
so uh what David ier said was that he calculated the distance as about um one
million or one billion light I went uh two two and a half million Lighty years right away is what it is today but he
they thought was like 1 million light years away back then right so I'm
wondering if the magnitude was off so one magnitude and brightness is equal to
two and a half times okay okay equal to two so or two and a half times the distance okay so if
he overestimated the brightness by one magnitude that would mean it would be a million like it' be a million mile of
Lighty years instead of two and a half million light be cutting it in half so he basically he basically overestimated
the brightness and it may be because the film that he was using was biased uh was more
sensitive uh to Blue instead of red you know film was sensitive back then to
Blue Light and if this SEI had was more bluish then it would make then it would make an image that is brighter I think
and that would cause the distance estimate to be short I thought that was pretty pretty
interesting so well you remember watching on the short documentary clip that we had uh they were talking about
how difficult it is to measure distance you know and so this is a daunting task
you know right so if you if you can calibrate the CED variable that's what
it's for it's a standard candle right so the the period for the thing determines how bright it is in absolute magnitude
so from that he should have been able to estimate okay um this is the period this
is what the absolute magnitude should be based on that absolute magnitude and and the size of the star on the plate
compared to other stars in the G in in our galaxy this is how far away it is
probably um that's how he would have done that um but you have but but depending
on he may not have had a very good light curve on the thing so who knows um we
have to see some evidence of that today we do uh different techniques
now I'm going to bring up my um screen I've got uh I'm going to go ahead
and bring up my main uh display because I've got different things running to show you I
want to switch back and forth on them um so I found this website just to talk
about the uh the basically photographic film
technology used in astronomy and what the advantages or disadvantages of them are and film
basically has low Quantum efficiency from you know one to 3% basically which
require long exposure Times Today's ccds are upwards of 90% Quantum efficiency at
their Peak uh which is typically near in near the red probably is that that's correct
Gary I think it's near the red where the peak Quantum efficiency is on ccds
today um it requires long exposure times you get reciprocity failure which is a
nonlinearity so the brighter the star gets the the
smaller uh it's not a linear relationship between the size of the star on the Emulsion and the brightness
it gets to be it's nonlinear so now when you try to estimate the size or the brightness of the star it's not an it's
not a good measure meent when it gets too bright uh got the same thing from color
sensitivity um and then today we can we can digitize plates
and measure them uh with a M an instrument called a micro densitometer which is a very uh it's
basically is a way to do uh pixel brightness with a with a film with a
piece of film do the same kind of thing that we have with our cosos or CCD
cameras um that's just that's just one thing I wanted to talk about
um let me bring up all right so I've got an example
right here of M m67 okay this is just a quick example of
what I'm talking about for doing measurements today so if we were to do the Hubble the technique they used in
1923 uh to measure brightness uh they would basically just measure the diameter of
the star so um for example
um I could let me bring up the other
um graph window and I can show you what I'm talking about here all
right bring up star star profile so this is a
star profile tool that I have in maximum DL which shows
you the profile of the star so I'm on this star right here you can see it's got this
bell-shaped function very yeah it's very smooth depending on how much how many
pixels you have and how bright they are so this one right here the peak brightness is around
20,000 Adu or counts all right now if I go to this and
you can see the floor is around
2,000 uh 20 2500 something like
that U I'm G to have to increase my aperture let me do
that so I'm going to redo
this and then and then we've got this star okay so this goes
out if we want to measure the width of this thing or so how how basically the
diameter of that star you would pick a point typically it's half full width at
half maximum is the standard so you go to the maximum value which is 20,000 / by two which is 2,000 but it's
but it's the difference between the peak and the and the minimum so it's actually uh 21 2,000 minus about 2500 or let's
say it's uh 18,000 so you take 18,000 divided by two is 9,000 so 9,000 which
is about right here would be the uh full width of half maximum
basically which comes out if you look down there it's about three
pixels okay rounded around that around three pixels now let's take another star
that's a little larger um like this one let's see if all right that's got a little
brighter this is this is infinitely easier than what uh Hubble would have had to do oh yeah he yeah he had to move
around right he didn't have a program where he can just run a cursor over a
star and see its brightness okay right so so one thing to keep in mind okay I'm
going to get to this so if you measure the full width of half maximum on a brighter star it comes out to be about
the same all right so you're wondering what the heck it's brighter it's a bigger diameter why is it the same pixel
distance and it's because of the of the way I've got the histogram set okay the
histogram sets the cutof point for when when it when it shows this diameter when
it shows the brightness of the star on the pixel okay so I can change this cut off point to make the Stars bigger and
smaller watch see how they're getting smaller in diameter yeah because I'm changing the
histogram all right so and then they get bloberger sure all right so that's the
cut off point so so what you have to do basically to measure
brightness in this realm is to is to sum the value of all
the pixels so the sum of pixels in this star is a lot less than the sum of pixels in this brighter star you know in
terms of the Adu count so you basically sum the total Adu counts okay so let me
show you what that looks like that's today that's how we do it
um I'm going to bring up the information window I already had it up and uh and show
you I think oh yeah I do have so I'm going to do a an aperture
measurement which is going to show me the intensity value okay so right here
the intensity value is going to show us how bright it is basically you have a magnitude calculation for that too so
I'm going to click on this star and it's got an estimate now this
isn't this isn't been a this hasn't been calibrated so this is a relative let's say it's a magnitude of
13.5 for that Star based on this intensity these are
the total number of counts that are within this aperture okay 50 uh 5 37,000 counts all
right now if I go to this other star which is the other one I went to
it's slightly brighter it's at 13.0 magnitude and it's got 85,000
counts so that's how you that's how we measure brightness
today and there's other things involved with the technique to get uh calibrated
measurement but this is the general technique of how we do
it uh I've got another photograph here since we're talking about galaxies I just wanted to show this
m63 this a photograph I took back in 2016 and let me me bring it up a little
bit so you can see the extent of
it so there's my there's my token Galaxy photograph for tonight's presentation
nice m63 I'm not a I'm not a deepy fire alarm
Fe yeah I'm not a I'm not a deep Sky photographer per se I I I do it when the
opportunity arises I don't go out of my way like uh you guys do um Cameron and
those guys do to get really excellent photographs of galaxies uh when I run across them I
I'll take some photographs yeah but I don't most the time I'm looking I'm more into
photometry and and astrometry type measurements measurement type things science im images science right that's
right so well uh we will as we transition between you and uh John
Briggs I'm going to show Gary Palmer's image of M31 that he just shared with the uh presenters here uh I thought it
was definitely worthwhile to show um uh here to the rest of the viewing audience
so let's let's go there Gary are you are you available to uh talk a couple of
minutes about this
image all yeah there we are okay all right here we go
uh there we go that's that is a very beautiful image of
M31 that um I can promise is just a test image it was literally an hours worth of
so it's 20 times nice test yeah yeah nice
test yeah um so that that's all it is it's just um it had the ASI 2600 camera
on there and an LPR filter um beautiful this this uh this this line
that I see right here it looks like there's an arrow this area that that that Styles in the seafood variable okay
I'm just homing in on it now I've actually got a shot from last year we we took this on one of the star
parties um last year when we were playing around with with some uh images um and I've locked on to it with this
one so um in a little while I will post the image up yeah and you can have a
look at it yeah it's I have actually got the star there so um just working on that at the
moment they say we're going to crash into this uh Galaxy and I guess if you have to crash into a Galaxy you might as
well crash into something as beautiful as this one so I think it's amazing I I
think over the last 10 years it's probably this and m33 uh probably two of
the most imaged galaxies um certainly this time the yeah
I would agree okay all right that is wonderful that is wonderful okay so up
next is John Briggs John uh shared with me a PowerPoint presentation which I'm
going to start up but John why don't you come on and and say a few words before we get started yeah no thank thank you
so much Scott for the invitation to come back and see uh all the friendly faces
I've had I had some um work-related travel recently so I've been a little out of touch but um but I had an
opportunity to spend some time at Mount Wilson uh years ago and of course I love
to go back whenever I can and I'm keen on history and so given the theme tonight and the opportunity to talk
about uh Edwin Hubble and uh his literature and just a touch upon his
history and also a personal message you might say from uh one of his uh
Proto that was relayed to me and a group of students years ago I am passing on
from from Alan Sandage to the group so anyway letter rip Scott and I hope people enjoy the PowerPoint I'll answer
any questions at the end if they if there are any okay all right so here we go uh
um we are going here
and we just want remember to share the sound yes I got it clicked off and uh
here we are okay
hold let me stop this for just a
moment
hello this is John yys is an amazing place and in some
ways
that's quite a grandiose title but but you'll see where I go with this and I hope you enjoy it uh but mainly if we
want to talk a little bit about Ed
edn hu maybe your mic was on too or
something
yeah I'm afraid we're not getting any sound sorry for the hassle
Scott yeah I can hear you John but I can't hear
Scott there's a trick to doing this and we've we've succeeded before
but it's always tricky yeah hold on for just a
moment uh why don't you why don't we have you share it John let me try sorry
for thank you for your patience everybody um you yeah let's see now um
I'm uh uh uh inexperience myself doing this
so uh yeah
just something's not right with my sound
setup share share uh okay I'm going to try starting
the talk say we we're seeing your desktop right now good okay and uh let's see
uh slideshow from
beginning hello this is John speaking from magdal in New Mexico and tonight
I'm going to be talking about you hear the talk Wilson and the literature of
cosmology that's quite a grandiose title but but you'll see where I go with this
I hope you enjoy it uh but mainly if we want to talk a little bit about Edwin
hble we go back to y's Observatory where he was a graduate student in the early
20th Cent yks was dedicated in 1897 and I've shown
this picture before in this forum but there's always something else to say about places like y's observatory in
Mount Wilson yeres is an amazing place and in
some ways uh aspects of it haven't changed much since P's day many students
have passed through the institution of course it was founded and owned by
University of Chicago but now a new nonprofit Foundation the yuris Future
Foundation is operating it and restoring it for a new role in Science
Education for his thesis as a graduate student Hubble used the telescope that
was then located in the South Tower yeres and it's a an area I know well
because I worked as an engineer also at yeres in the
1990s and in fact my office was on the first floor uh where those windows are
with what looks like an air conditioner I didn't have an air conditioner um uh
so this picture must have been taken a little more recently than my time
there but anyway in Hubble's day uh the Dome
was occupied by a 24inch reflector that was really quite famous in its day it
had been uh made by George Richie uh the famous optician later
responsible for the 60inch and 100 inch teles scopes at Mount Wilson and many
other things of both ures and Mount Wilson the obser the instrument uh
mounting and tube assembly were built right in the Yus Observatory
shops the founding director of yeres was George Ellery hail and his interest had
been especially the Sun and among the other instruments built at dures was the
snow horizontal solar telescope shown here as it was
housed uh at the observatory but within really just a
handful of years of the dedication of y's Observatory hail's attention was
being diverted by the wonderful observing conditions in Southern
California and he thus planned an expedition to take the snow telescope to
the summit of Mount Wilson and so you see here under construction the new
rolloff shelter for the snow telescope on the summit of Mount Wilson it was the
first H major instrument that hail brought to that
site and of course uh you can read about it in the astrophysical journal the
relatively new Journal that hail had founded with his colleagues the editors
there hail Frost and the collaborators William Campbell Henry
crew Charles Hastings many from AA michelon who was the first Nobel Prize
winner in physics in the United States and on and on many uh famous
astronomical names among the co-editors of the astrophysical journal which was
already up to volume 21 in
1905 now if you've never looked at these early issues of astrophysical Journal you might think well I'm not an
astrophysicist so I probably wouldn't enjoy that very much I don't know enough about astronomy but hail and many people
of his era wrote in a very engaging style and including pictures this is
maybe one of my my my most favorite pictures in h of astronomical journal in
an article published
by hail uh what's it entitled truck for hauling heavy instruments up Mount
Wilson Trail uh this is explaining how the snow telescope and other things were
installed during the earliest days of Mount Wilson and so of course nowadays
it's not too likely that you'll see a picture of a horse in the app J as most
astronomers astrophysicists refer to it but these older issues well I would
argue that they are as interesting to read and peruse as any old issue of Sky
andal spotting scope magazine and other things that many of us find very
inspirational after the snow Tall store quickly came the famous 60 in at Mount
Wilson and of course a little bit
later uh the fabulous 100 inch reflecting telescope the booker
telescope named for the donor of the 100 inch mirror
blank now though hail had left y's Observatory behind it continued
strong and especially training many uh new Young students in astronomy and
astrophysics and again if you turn to an astronomical Library you can read about
it for example let's consider uh the uh early days of Edward
bubble as I said he had been a graduate student at University of Chicago at YY
Observatory and it turns out his PhD thesis was published in volume four of
the York these Observatory Publications let's take a look at it
photographic investigations of faint nebuli by Edwin P
Hubble here's the first page and you know his thesis is only about 20 pages
long and a lot of his tables uh describing uh positions of newly
discovered nebuli I'll just read the very first paragraph to give a sense of what this is about photographic
investigations of faint nebuli the study of nebul is essentially a photographic
problem for cameras of wide angle and reflectors of large focal ratio he meant
fast reflectors there the photographic plate presents a definite and permanent
record besides beside which visual observations lose most of their
significance perhaps the one field left for the older method is the measurement of sharp nuclei deeply enshrouded in
nebulosity new nebuli are now but rarely seen in the sky although an hour's
exposure made at random with a large reflector has more than an even chance
of adding several small faint objects to the rapidly growing list of those
already known about 177,000 have already been cataloged and the estimates of
those within the reach of exist existing instruments based on the ratio of those previously known to those new in various
Fields lie around 150,000 And So It
Goes any uh current aspero photographer would enjoy reading Pub's thesis and
understand it uh he was trying to figure out uh basic things about the nebula and
in fact one of the 20 or so pages is simply a reproduction from somebody
else's paper um European astronomer wolf had classified nebuli and Hubble
reproduced the illustration in his thesis there was still a lot to learn
about these things but this was clearly the direction that pbl's interests were
taking him meanwhile hail and his colleagues in
California had made spectacular progress expanding the facilities at Mount
Wilson as Hubble was finishing his graduate work at y's Observatory the 100
inch telescope was coming online and it was ready in
1917 um it was clear that astronomers at Mount Wilson wanted uh Young Blood like
Hubble to come and exploit this amazing amazing achievement of in instrum
instrumental astronomy but before we consider some of
the things that Hubble became most famous for a little bit later let's look
back in the library in this case there's a long run of kind of obscure
publication anal of Harvard College Observatory but also with that run
there's something else the circulars of Harvard College
Observatory and here we go turns out the circular number
173 which was uh published in 1912 contains a very important paper
something that was uh very important to to Hubble's later
progress the paper is entitled periods of 25 variable Stars in the small
melenic Cloud but what we remember it for is it
is an account of the discovery of the famous period Luminosity relationship
which allowed such an important step of in our so-called
Cosmic distance ladder and the first sentence written by the Harvard College Observatory director Ed Edward Pickering
reads the following statement regarding the periods of 25 variable stars in the small maguen cloud has been prepared by
Miss Lev and Retta
Lev it goes on it's only three
pages and here's the ending page arguably the most important thing those
graphs showing that depending upon the
absolute brightness of the variable star there's a Dependable relationship for
the length of its period so if You observe a star with a certain period you
can use this relationship to understand what its uh Luminosity is how strongly
it's glowing and you can compare that to its apparent brightness and then calculate its
distance it's a big deal being able to understand the distance to
nebuli based upon the periods of variable Stars observed in
them um which was possible to do given the power of the 100 inch telescope
shown here with Hubble at the nutonian focus well it allowed him and his
collaborators some very uh significant revolutionary achievements there in the
early 20th century at Mount Wilson and yet again uh delving into an
astronomical Library we can uh jump forward in time
to 1931 when Hubble and his collaborator
pson uh published perhaps the paper that they are especially famous
for and here it is the velocity distance relation among extra Galactic
nebula with the help of the Henry at levit period Luminosity
relationship Hubble and his colleague hson were able to expand the cosmic
distance ladder based upon the red shifts of their observed galaxies
depending upon red shift they were able to work out how far away the nebuli were
the more distant nebuli it was an observational uh
recognition of an expanding universe and it was a very big deal now a Hubble uh
Through The Years um he was a mentor to
a young astronomer sh here Alan
Sandage and I was very lucky because I worked at
Mount Wilson for a little while observing with the 60-inch telescope and
then later I returned and I assisted with the earliest days of something
called CA a summer program Consortium for undergraduate Education and Research
in astronomy and what did we do at curia we reactivated the snow horizontal
telescope from uh yur Observatory that was still there at Mount Wilson in the
course of doing this work I had a chance to uh meet uh Alan Savage uh uh
himself it was back in 1990 and uh the Curious students some of
them shown here at the snow tall scope spectrograph and I we had an opportunity
to hear a a a special intimate lecture directly from Alan Sandage who had been
the uh something of the protoe of the late uh Edwood
Hubble and the lecture was down in the soall
monastery uh sh here in the background with a number of the early Mount Wilson
astronomers uh including Elbert Einstein uh visiting in the middle of the group
there and Hubble is actually the fellow Seated on the left hand side um with his
face turned towards
Einstein right inside that porch and in this uh very room it's kind of like a
living room for the Mount Wilson Monastery which was the nickname basically for the dormatory and dining
facility for astronomers there Wilson that's where the Curious students and I
gathered to hear um Sandage and I want to pass on to you what Sandage
particularly recommended to us in that intimate lecture and of course this here
is another historical photo from I gathered the 1930s when Einstein was
visiting uh P Wilson shown sitting in the same room at the center of the table
and that is Hubble standing uh uh uh right behind
Einstein so um this is what Sandage said to us this what he recommended after
explaining some basic facts about observational cosmology and the
expansion of the universe and such things um Sandage simply said that in
his belief the best way even to this and this was Ser in 1990 to learn about
observational cosmology was to go back in the early
literature to Hubble's early papers and read them all because in Sage's opinion
Hubble and his approach was uh uh very uh sensible and appropriate and logical
and inspirational and uh the way to understand how to proceed forward what
was to have a clear understanding of what had been achieved in the
past so again he was recommending that students and anybody interested turn
their attention to the old libraries uh consider the early volumes of
astrophysical journal in a set like the one shown right
here or another way to do it is to consider a set like the brown volumes in
the middle of this Photograph those are collected contributions directly from M wison
solar Observatory later renamed simply Mount Wilson Observatory so while
astrophysical Journal published papers from observatories all over the country
and the world there were specific uh uh publication runs like these brows here
specific to Mount Wilson so an even more intense con concentration of papers by
Hubble and his colleagues there at Mount
Wilson one can find these things and Bruise these things and I only emphasize
they are uh surprisingly readable by all students of astronomy um today but too
often they're ignored and too often often astronomical libraries surprisingly are being somewhat
recklessly discarded um by Uh current Librarians
and astronomers because they feel that once things have been scanned they're easily
accessible well it's true but um there's
really something to be said for looking at real books and that's a long story
but I've run out of time so I won't go into into that but uh find these things
and check them out they're wonderful on the other hand if it really
is inconvenient for you to get direct access to the old Journal runs of course
there are other ways to delve into this to learn about the history as Sandage
recommended look at his own book um the Centennial history of Carnegie
Institution of Washington volume one the Mount Wilson Observatory uh Sandage produced this
shortly before his death and it's the rich history of Mount Wilson in a single
volume and it's waiting uh for you to
discover thank you very much for your interested
attention wow that was great I I hope the sound was
okay a little bit low certainly better than the sound I was um broadcasting so
when we when we Master how to do this um uh it comes through really well but
maybe people crank up the volume they could still hear me I'm glad they could not really see me well right now but I
hope they like the pictures uh that I had it was wonderful it was wonderful I
you know also I I really admire you um John I mean for your demeanor the the
way that you have uh cared over um you know uh historical objects in astronomy
but also the people the books you know I mean if there's anyone alive today that
has has really so uh tenderly um uh curated these things uh
you're certainly one of the best so oh thank you thank you tragic how many things are getting
thrown away oh my God and so that's a whole other topic but um but it's
important to remind students and all of us that these things exist and they're really good and it and um uh F folks
have to see them to appreciate them so it's a fun aspect of the interest to
keep in mind thank you so much thank you okay all right so we are we are
running a bit behind but uh we've had some great presentations up next is marchelo Souza Professor marchelo Souza
is uh running um a program uh that is the uh young stars of tomorrow uh it is
uh uh catching on like wildfire down there he has many students already
enrolled in it and marchello want don't you describe it to us and introduce uh some of the students that are part of
this program hi nice to meet you and all of you here
it's a great pleasure to be here thank you Scott for the invitation thank you now now we are authorized to to say who
is supporting our project we are develop the project that young start of Tomorrow we beun now if last week I I will show
the the logo of the of the project and the we have this the support and the
financial support from the US Consulate General consula
here they are supporting our project wonderful I will show
here it's the first time that we develop a project here with the support of the
United States consulate here and the the the main AIS of the
project is the development by students of
creative missions of exploration of the Moon Beyond and from this Central AIS we
will training students in physics mathematics and astronomy in programming for application development in
electronics and robotic and in the elaboration of 2D and 3D illustration
animations and and with this knowledge students will be motivated to develop creative projects for exploring the moon
with the use and development of new technological resource and during the
process we identify new talents among the students and you invite them to join
the project development team this is the main a of the project we are planning to
visit 40 Public Schools until the end of the project and we we will involve more
than 2,400 students during the one year
duration that is the timeing that you have to develop the project and we have
40 students involved in the development of the project all of the for students
are here after they made make their
presentation I will share some images of the what we are doing now with the
project here is the first school that we visited is a
hoodo place here in our state in our city here but later I sh I introduce now
the student here hson is here he is responsible for the logistic part of the
project HS I'm a physic student and I'm aons for organ and the young start of
Tom's project and so far out three schools and different
municipalities the activity uh will be H in five municip and those of school to
insire many students and we have here and isab and
car and
now k b she is responsible for the about
to make presentations and to talk with the students about astronomy and
physics
k k uh your microphone
are you listening now yes we hear you yes now yes so uh I'm K uh as Marcelo
said uh I studied physics on the
undergraduation and now I'm part of the program uh teaching about astronomy the
the the the the the principal AIS of the
project and uh I think it's a little important to talk about um my hero
progress in the the group as a member of astronomy club because it's the why uh
make me so glad to be a part of the program because as a member I have uh a
lot of opportunities I integ integrate a small part of of a group that visited
some centers of scientific and in institution
of Education in institution of of Science and uh for me it's a big
pleasure to be part of this program because it's my opportunity to share with other students all my experience
all the thing that I learned with the with BM member in as astronomy club so
uh this is uh some images of the projects and in class we discuss about
some challenges and about uh how you can send humans on the moon to the moon
and how can they live their safety so uh this project it's so
important uh in my opinion because it's a a way to find the like a new future
generation of scientist and this is the one of the the focus of the project and
that's why I'm so glad to be part of this program so uh students receive a little
notebook like this that they are writing
about uh the biggest ch challenges to be need to overcome when we send a mission
to the moon and in the class we discuss about how to send humans to the Moon how
landing on the moon how can we build a a rocket to send the the people
there how can I build a leave in a basin
and live there in safet to way we need to discuss about tempure VAR Iration
because the the condition in space is not like we have here on the earth so
students study about these topics and then they are need to find a way
to to make a mission to there to leave and create a base and go to the moon in
a saf way so at this this type with uh
try to find the new talents in this area and this all that I I do in the project
basically I I talk and I T I teach about
astronomy and all these challenges and then uh students are motivated to think
about as they they they are a a really a really a person that think about how to
create a mission to the most oh I'm sorry because I'm not flu in
English I don't know actually you're doing just fine you're doing great okay you know so don't worry don't worry yeah
I think you I think that you're coming across very nice and uh uh you know we
and we get it you know so it's a wonderful uh challenge uh and
I'm glad that uh those of you who decided to come on tonight you know are expressing uh to the uh to our community
of amateur astronomers and some are professional astronomers some are just generally interested in science so it's
great to hear from people from around the world because this is the global star party
so yes so that's great any other we have
here more two students all right good great bring on
Isabel is responsible for the programming
to teach students how to make because we are working with astronomy and new
technologies man isad great
hello H good night and think first of all thank you
for the space for us to show your our project and sorry for my English it's
terrible uh years without practice uh
well my name is Isabel I'm a 21 years old and I am a computer science
graduations at wangi University in
comp in the project I kept the programming
part in my presentation my lecture i t talk about the history of computing
algorithm programming language artificial intelligence Robotics
mechatronics and bionics and teaching how to program and
application and MIT App Inventor the
sites in I teach student to program mobile apps at MIT App Inventor
and my experience in the young star of Tomorrow project has been
amazing I got off of my comfort zone and I'm able to teach the kids what I have
learned and also put into practice by making the
app H this experience is being Sensational and and thank you very much
to Professor Marcelo and to everyone who are together in this project to
Hob carolini would be
amazing that's all no it's great and the the other student is
kolene that she is in the high school and all of the students that are here
they now have a contract supported by the US Consulate
to work in the project wonderful kol kolini is the artist she
is passate also with astronomy and is the artist of project because one of the
act of the project is to develop animations
koline koline
okay L yes I okay hello everyone good night I'm
Carol I'm 16 years old and I'm the high school and some friends of mine also
like astronomy used to call me Asing so I decided to use the name for my
scientist hings and this things and the L schol scrub helped me to do things
that I love most that's art and astronomy and I took this picture after
receiving the wordss of this competition tomorrow stars um of the same club and
now showing my Evolution and my drawings and my animations I think I can hope to
fight other young people what they also love because I know how difficult is to
chose science and physics and Mathematics for kids for people and the
opportunities are unique so I'm so glad and I'm so happy to be in the projects
to be the club and I hope to be an inspiration to to everyone around me
that's all very good very good uh Caroline one
of the things I find Most Fascinating is visualizations about uh science and and
especially for astronomy you know there are so many perspectives and things that we can't see even with the best
instruments you know but they can be interpreted through ART and uh so I you
know I I certainly ENC encourage you to u to uh you know do all you can to uh
follow in that path path that will be uh very helpful to uh young stars in um
astronomy and um uh I think that uh uh you know and will carry you far in your
your life they are doing a fantastic job here
Scot we began last week can I could I share some images of
oh of course you've got the stage you can do anything anything I wish sh here
and because is we are now developing in schools have visited three
schools in now this is the mage of the school here uh let me see I need to
leave to okay here is the first
presentation and thank you Scott for the support of the mentor
for the project thank you very much it's an honor for us to uh participate in all
of this and uh we will we'll help in every way that we can you know
so and here the students we are in a pandemic period here in Brazil also and
have many have we need to be careful about the contact between
students even with this problems many students are participate
they they have participate as Volunteers in Project here is the first presentation
is a school F from we are looking for schools that are distant from the big
centers ah Sten ham is also supporting he send the sunglasses to us to give to
the students M here Kia
Isabel koline and rs that three schools and every week
we will be visiting two schools here in our region and you have a a surprise
here October 1st we did the first presentation and we will do more four
presentations October 9 October 12 that is the driving of astronomy now four
kids then here you see the cast people participate from their cast
and I love this I love this this is great you know but to have news now have this the participation of the these
characters here during the presentation this is the first we did
two presentation SC we talk about astronomy and you have the participation
of this characters here during the presentation the the because October 12
is the kids day here Brazil then we with the support of the
shopping center of our CS we are participating this project to is a driving of astronomy our
kids and is is the new we are developing and every day we have three days of
activity with two sessions every day because and the we don't have any
opportunity to have more cars because all the days they had full they are
full and the seven cars in each session 140 cars per day that we show
the presentation
great great um how long marchello how long did it take you to develop this
program you've been doing education and astronomy your whole life um
yes 30 years since I finished my graduation see
I finished my gradation I I begin to participate in astronomy club in my
seat we found the astronomic club inoy that's other city that's where I born
and then I begin to work in a different city that Compass 25 years ago and I'm
living here since 1994 and I work at there and if when I I
move moved to the city that I Live Now I I founded
another club of ason that is our group that celebrated 25 years this year of
activities Oh that's great and I work at University here in my city and All in
This astronomic Club are volunteers and receive the support from
companies and the the the municipalities the federal government the state
government and now the support of the United States wonderful that's wonderful
the Consulate of United States that it this is the first time that you have a project in our region that is supported
by the United States consulate oh wow
and as hson said we we develop the project in six cities
of and is you have here receive financial support from the
federal government because the city is already produced 70% of the Brazilian
oil is produced here in our region is the Middle East of Brazil yes that's a
lot that's a lot yeah but the CCE but
nowadays we have problems with this because in the past they received
many HS but now it's not will not receive so much as in the past
but even with the the money from the h
we have many people here that are poor and is a is interior it's like this that
say in English a have far is here and the students that
live far from downtown we are doing what's possible
here thank you for it's fantastic thank you all the guys here excellent
excellent thank you and koline they are doing also a great job here great
work yeah I can't wait to go you know once this uh Co U pandemic
uh gets more under control I would love to return back to Brazil and South America and visit our friends down there
because uh I think that you you do an amazing job marchello uh and uh you know
I have to admit uh you know uh Caesar Maxi these other people in U South
America they are so passionate about astronomy uh and they get young people
very very excited about science technology you know engineering and I think they know uh
that this is very important to their future and um the event that I was at a
few years ago with you marchello I was really amazed at how many young people
filled your audience uh to listen to science presentations and um to be involved in
an astronomy so congratulations on on putting together the uh young stars of
astronomy and uh I think it's just uh I think it's fantastic so thank you for
sharing now by the way marchelo Souza along with David Levy are editors of skyup magazine which you can download um
I'll give you the link here but it's a free magazine a global
magazine um and uh let's see here we go skies up
and um you can get it uh there the most recent issue right now is about Saturn
and uh uh the new issue coming up will be about Dark Skies so of which uh I I
hope to have marchello back on again to discuss uh with uh with him hosting a
global star party so it'll be very cool great thank you very much you guys
thank you thank you okay so up next is Caesar bro Caesar is uh as we all know is in
buis Aries and uh uh he is uh uh you
know someone that we all love and just because of his uh uh his his friendly
nature his knowledge uh his passion about uh telescopes and astronomy and uh
so I'm going to turn it over to you Caesar hi Scot hi everyone um let me
know if you are heard me L me good yeah we hear you the
connection is a little slow but hey you're all the way around the world so okay okay I'll share my screen because I
have a very very uh sing with very high
sing or very bad sing I don't know why the people say if it's bad if it's good
well the bad is when you have a lot of turbulence this as today we have a
typical thing in springtime that quides we had a a worm every evening evening um
now is is coming uh uh fresh air from
the south um the temperature is is uh again going uh going a little low little
colder now let me Center Saturn and I show you
as it's very windy tonight s uh not here no you really no you know
you don't know me in a real situation of wind Scott really know me in a real
situation of wind here in the balcony yes Max nickname of 100 mile per hour
Caesar yes yes I have my name yes not only in the clipse of when once a time I
remember that we was talking with Scott Gary Jerry um I remember that I took the
picture of H uh 47 to can and another thing in the sky with that condition
that was really fun because was horrible condition of of wind very really very
high but he's still got images still did yeah yeah okay I have an image was
incredible let me share the screen that's right also the eclipse the
eclipse was very ah the eclipse the eclipse yes Maxi know the the the wind
in the clip because they Maxi and his friends had a very low
very near to our situation uh do you do you you can see you can
see the screen with sat Al live we can see okay is impossible get a better
focus the quality of this Max it's amazing it's amazing really ER they have
a an excellent an excellent working with a maxut uh uh
lenses because it's it's the core the the is the core of every maxo telescope
the the lens we call it in Spanish but I don't know um it's like a in
English I I think that that maybe it's called you can you can tell me you're
talking about the optical design of the telescope yes yes but call itome or yeah Dimitri maxutov
comes up with this idea of making taking a mirror a primary mirror that's a
sphere okay yes yes when you make a sphere into a mirror okay and you form
that image you get something called spherical aberration which means that the light coming to focus from the edges
of the mirror focuses at a different point than the one that's going deeper down in the mirror and coming back up so
you have all these layers of focus okay depending on where you are to fix this
you need a spherical corrector okay yes uh the Hubble Space Telescope when it
was launched and put up in space had spher IAL aberration and so they one of
the ways that they fix this is they put a spherical corrector in front of the sensor okay suddenly everything's razor
sharp right um same thing here with the maxutov telescope we have a primary
mirror and then Dimitri maxutov comes up with this corrector that's also
spherical okay but lights passing through this clear lens and um uh
hitting the primary mirror and it's correcting out this spherical aberration on the back side of that
corrector uh they illuminize a spot so that becomes the secondary all right
yeah he drills a hole in the primary the light comes through the corrector corrects out the spherical aberration it
hits the primaries gathered up but before it can come to focus it hits the secondary and goes back down through the
hole which is the CAG grain Focus so you have this nice
short folded reflector system which is really compact okay yes uh so this is
the popularity of the Schmid cassa grain design maxutov Crain design or even
what's called a classical Crain design which has a you know no corrector but U
uh but to have something in your backyard or on your balcony and be able to get an image like this of Saturn okay
I also watch it hand okay you could you could take it on
a bus or on a airplane or something it's very portable now that I working with my
my totally Wi-Fi Mount um I use him very
very simple and very soft to move to move
the to Center the planet later I I'll show you hiter but this is this is sad
to but look at what you can see I on my big screen on my wall here I can see the
the the forward facing ring to us you can actually see the shadow hitting against the planet the ball of the
planet um occasionally some uh uh you know Cloud features of Saturn on the on
the on the uh on the ball of the planet uh pop into view and um uh you know so
what we're seeing is um moments of very good seeing in between moments of not so
good of seeing so yes yes mle is horrible
that but what our brain sees our brain is actually capturing details and so we
can see we can see some details in here and we kind of ignore uh the Distortion
so that's how our brains work yes right but a camera can work the same way the cini division sometimes you can see by a
few seconds well this is the the principle of the lucky image or the the
moments that the you choose
between the bad moments and the good moments IM mat is this is the how how
the how work the the system for for astronomy um today I have has my images
are today really but I introduce uh a friend that is Eric
Gonzalez you know to Ed is Scott because he promised you some barbecue in the top
of the mountain yes he did Observatory and and but I'm I'm I know
this is a horrible things for argentinians to hear but I'm vegetarian oh no problem we can we can
some some veget kiding me really I'm vegetarian
no I don't believe you I don't know why yeah it's true but yeah you can I I eat
corn on the on the barbecue that's fine okay the wine is B it's a vegetable the
wine yes vegetables are fine on the grill no problem yeah no problem um well
well Eric is tonight in the historical observat
of San Juan to tonight is not in the mountain time if not it's in in a 100
years soul I think telescope But Eric can introduce you talk
about the place where where he's
now good night Eric how are you hi sesar uh really nice to see you
again and be here among friends um and yes as you said um I'm right now
just beside my office uh here in San Quan City and I have something to show you
here we have nice office it's it has an interesting window
yes you can see they were there um switch the
camera
well sense of the temperature I know oh beautiful
nice that is beautiful this is the
179 mm refractor telescope it's anomatic refractor
100 100 years old uh that was Don donated by a banker from most City
nearby City to 100 km South from here and we use it to mainly for outreach it
has never been used to research for research obviously we have many instruments for that year but um this
one is the our favorite to over here um
right now is pointing at Jupiter um oh wait wait a minute I have
to
this oh it's a mechanical Drive tracking again wow yeah it's a regulator there
counter WS here and it moves and it's really really good at keeping the the
object in the center of the I is uh so that that thing spinning on top as a speed Governor I guess to keep the the
motor running smooth precisely I didn't know the how how did you say that in English
yeah speed govern oh yeah it's similar translation in Spanish um yes to small
counterweight if it spins too fast it opens and activates a little break
uh so it regulates it regulates the to the correct
um let me see if it's working
yeah let this a big Observatory too oh
yes okay Max on laugh of about this there's
Jupiter there's Jupiter of course through my crappy cell phone it's
not it's not much but I was talking to s with s about this um I'm doing mostly
Outreach in my in my job so I just H come off from the mountain we have a h
cesco station where we have our research telescopes mainly the double astrograph
that y double astrograph that I used to to search for varable
stars and there we take visitors of course we have a platform with two t a
to 10 in telescope for for people to come come and see the
sky and the I was talking with t about the
quality of the image of those two more really nice and modern 10
in stos Scopes which GS tracking
uh, in the mod telescope and this thing here is really a lot lot better the the
way you can see Jupiter or Saturn or any or any even bright object or faint
object about when we were talking about the color of
the of how kind of these subjects uh I was trying to
say through the on at CCO
station we can see many nebulous galaxies of course
Jupiter and Saturn are on about the Horizon now but the color that you get
with this thing this thing here is stunning it's is something else and you
don't get that with a with a 10 in cadric telescope this here yes get that
so I had a small presentation prepared about historical telescopes here in
Argentina um of course remembering that it's
150 anniversary of C of Observatory founded
by one president called sento here a controversial figure but cool guys some
aspect uh mainly because he kick astronomy in
Argentina um but well I had to leave my my BC at the
office I have only collection here so instead I wanted to show
you what do you think about this St I think it's cool the son of that is
I I never I never seen that that you know I never see how it work how it
moves we we are learning from from telescope like sanan in because in in
San Miguel Observatory we have one of that telescopes the Gustav hien
telescope from Germany and have the same system for for a
mechanical re enal it's great really yeah
yes John asked to Eric
what who was the the maker of that beautiful scope oh this one is the everyone knows
cze lenses of course this is this one is a stain hair it was the main competition
of of Mr size uhu
excellent I think the connection with Ed is do we lose Eric's connection I I
think that yes maybe because he's using the data phones it's it's
amazing you bring on so many great people it's great it's good St Hill yeah
equatorial telescope reflective type 175 apture let's see if I if I pin it
does that help [Music]
um he's on online again um yes but maybe
he don't have a what if he's not talking it will be no principal in the view I
think yeah let me see if I can share it
somehow yeah I I know this telescope is amazing I we visited in the clips of
sanan we visit that telescope was really
great Eric Eric you have to talk in in a mean condition I'm
here um I don't know if you can hear me but remember that he has wind well do
you remember that movie crocodile landle where this guy comes with a knife and
the other one says this is that is not a knife this is a knife
well have some we have some winds that they call S wind people are kind of
proud of it here [Music] um meaning 50 60 kilm per hour oh my God
every day and we are having that right now
inside soope is mostly protected but the cell
phone signal comes and goes I Eric I noticed that the observatory slid is very narrow and so
is that because U generally you have high winds yes in
here down from the to the city yes we have really strong wind precisely in
this this time uh we are Springtime here
um October and November we have this Z that we that we're starting to have
right now so tomorrow we be we have some fall in trees right inside the
observatory probably um well spot a signal right now yes we we tend to have
really strong wind here so Eric I would love to have you back on global star party uh maybe
because of the um connection it might be better to make a make a video and then
you could send that video to me and then I can have you on live as well as showing the video so we can get
something more high resolution you know uh which I think will work out very well
but uh the The Observatory looks beautiful I mean it looks like you guys really take care of it and uh you know
the age of this instrument is you mentioned is over a hundred years old right yes and we still use it to to show
things to the visors we have a 12 in telescope but most of the ER of of the
teachers and professors here prefer to use this one and you can see why it's
really stunning be with this thing okay let's send the video next time and
probably next time I'm going to be at cesco Station
2 2,300 MERS of sea level where we have the Yale dou astrograph that was a very
important telescope from this from a historical point of view because many things that we know about D galactical
Dynamics were learned with data from that telescope the was the main source
of proper motions of T the southern
hemisphere almost up to data releases from G
so it's a really interesting instrument I love with the telescope and I will
love to show it to you oh that's great the end of this this
month that's great excellent beautiful
beautiful okay okay
so enjoy the view yes I'm going to point to M 57 right now that because I'm
pointing too outside oh yeah yes I I'm doing live
view with the cam and now in in a few minutes I will show I will be I will do
a little tour of deep Sky objects from the south okay okay all right if you like I
have hiter you less than one minute I can I can show you okay all right you
guys straight off with your live views that would be great yes let me let me
share
me it's acceptable oh it's more than acceptable it's good and also you have the Great
Red Spot I think nice it's yeah uh I need to don't move
because if I move uh like my my Flor is a deck in the balcony
yes I know that I can move everything but I think that I I can take um some
videos because it's not so bad but really you feel proud of the of
this Optics Scott really you know it's it's always you
know if you work in this industry and then you see how your telescope works out in the field like that um yeah it's
it's a good feeling sure but uh yeah uh the most important part is that they're getting used they're getting uh put onto
the sky um Caesar I'll tell you a story when when I used to work for another
company another telescope company meat instruments uh sometimes telescopes
would come back from um large stores and they were returning them because it was so easy to return the telescope you know
I mean those of you guys that are out there listening you know some some people buy telescopes
and then they instantly return them because maybe they think they're too hard to use or something or or you know
that's just not for them but it always made me feel sad to see the telescopes come back and I knew that they had never
even seen one star not even one this is their whole purpose of being built okay
was to see stars planets and the moon right I I very times the same things
with yeah I think so I think you would yeah but it it hit me very hard one time
because I saw 20 pallets of telescopes come back from a very large uh retail
store chain and none of these telescopes had ever seen had ever seen even one
star and I thought wow they don't people don't realize how much hard work goes
into making one even a small toy telescope it's a lot of work you know so
yeah it's too sad too sad absolutely yes and
today well hi hey Pik officially pik's here so it's the
after party it's the after party now yeah I was gonna have a 10 minute break
but okay so okay I'm gonna we'll take it to
Gallery mode here and let people talk but we haven't let Cameron Gillis give his presentation yet so oh yeah C I'm
sorry it's Cameron's turn so about this telescope perf sad story
this is like a opposite of sad story is that when you when you get when you
begin to astronomy you will have several scope
and yes after just one uh look through one scope you will
never want to sell that you just put it on the side waiting for the that time to
use that scope then you get next one and maybe that's the same story you need you
will not sell that you will have it for that
specifically moment right and then you have your favorite as a baby you treat
it as your own baby your own child yes it has it has everything that it needs
it has a dust cover it will be like dusted it will be fixed and look it
after so I would I would have a thought
to think that I will sell one of my Scopes because I will have use for them
later on yes if I I'm not using it personally some kid maybe do
that sometime when they come up to me and or I am on the field they are little
bit not so expensive so I don't R blood if they drop it or something
thing so but yeah for me those are like it's like a
it's a my it's one of my elements yes you know David Levy who gives uh who
opens all of our Global star parties he has many telescopes and he has names for
every one of his telescopes he names them you know that's and uh so uh he's
uh one of the latest ones that he has the name of the telescope is Eureka you
know but he has another telescope called Ekko and he has another many you know he
has 20 telescopes or more that have had names so yeah it's uh they're special to
him and he really sees the telescopes as like uh having personalities and they're
like people you know he's he works with them so much like you do peka so yeah yep
I have old story before Cameron jumps in about names for
things I worked for the company Ericson that makes mobile phones or used to do
all times and we our on mobile phone section we had our boss and our
headquarter in Rally North Carolina in Raleigh yeah yep and when the PO when we
have toat invent a new phone uh he GES the name for the project
name for the phone and all those project names for the new phone was one of his
old ex-girlfriend's name like Maran
Mary uh there was Roxette there was uh
many girl names and every project has a her name and they it those
say that it was her his young times girlfriend's
names okay Cameron thanks SC and thank you very much peka thank you all right
hey everyone hope everyone's doing well and uh here we are in global Star Party 66 a great another
excellent uh on my favorite topic yeah is uh galaxies I just love galaxies
Galaxy Edwin Hubble you know can't get enough yet with Hubble and uh you know that's it's really there's so much uh
you know basically the the birth of modern cosmology right I mean just being able to really understand the
DI of the universe and uh really have a better picture on where we are and and
it's h it's so fascinating you know and and and now kind of bringing that to what we're doing here on the kind of the
amateur through professional astronomy is we have the technology to kind of connect all the dots and really get our
bearing and kind of internalize and really understand uh and have be more
conscious of of where we are I mean it's kind of like a map right I mean you and
and that's where where I as you know I'm working on this cam astronomy uh Sky
survey uh which is kind of an orientation of of uh you know there's lots of different star Maps but a really
encourage enage everyone here um as we're learning about the the science and
everything to to really go out there and look up you know keeping looking up and
and learn about star hopping and and uh and and observational and and of course
Imaging to capture your your thoughts and uh and keeping a journal of what you see keeping a journal of what you're
seeing exactly and then you really start to really enjoy it it's uh it's um so
let me uh let me share my screen um first of all I'll uh let's uh earlier I
was really piqued by Gary's um uh you know orientation of the uh the variable
cfid uh um variable in in Andromeda and and I was doing some Googling and I I
looked at an image that I took and let me just share my screen here let's see here uh yeah well that's not this one
don't worry we're going to go to this one and okay here we go
presentation okay so here is a famous uh image um this was taken I got it from
the NASA apod uh location and this is actually the plate uh from Hubble which
you saw earlier and I just move this out of the way here and this is a zoomed in
section here where you see the variable and he's put these two uh hash marks
kind of there's a triangle of faint Stars here and it would be this Star right here um and I was like oh okay
well you know for my days of uh you know using an 18inch dub and star hopping and
doing visual plate solving I said okay I let me see if I can identify this pattern of stars here with one of the
photographs that I took so this is a photograph I took uh in in August uh
around midnight uh I it was a 10 30 second stack um with my
C8 and um you can see the dust Lanes here and I was comparing I was just
comparing uh this image here which is on a slightly different angle what's interesting about about the 1923 plate
uh maybe someone else brought this out but you see how the word in is crossed out he thought that he' found a Nova
okay initially and then he's going no no no this is variable and exclamation
point you know so um I believe that uh
uh Jerry is correct because he probably had several images of this field and he noticed that this the seid
that is so far away okay because they're just they're finding seids in our own galaxy in the Milky Way okay and this is
the first time for them to find a sea in another galaxy so he's looking at this
very weak light and he notices that it's got the pattern of
brightness uh uh changes that seits have but it's really really faint and so
first he thinks it's a Nova then he realizes hey this is variable so oh yeah
and and the fact that like you say I mean for all intensive purposes uh you know when you see stars you you assume
they're in our galaxy right uh and sure and and and then the fact that we he was
able to resolve stars that were in another galaxy that's that's a feat in
itself and and and then of course doing that red shift you know the Spectrum
comparison of the seaa variable and it was like wow that must have been just he
like you said fell off his chair I'm sure he his mind just been blown right then
like yeah exactly it's like and and imagine the thoughts you know what he was thinking people are going to think
he's a Luna or whatever or or that he's totally wrong like erroneous results it
can't be out for order of magnitude it just the fascinating to to imagine that
moment in time when uh when there was no view that anything was outside of our
galaxy and these were called spiral nebula it's it's amazing um so so it was
like okay well let you know I was like hey this is cool I I love this type of stuff where you kind of
ReDiscover kind of take that path again uh with with our current stuff so I took a p i had this picture that I recently
took and I was like hey let let me see if I can find it and I was like um it's kind of in this area and then I started
I'm pretty good at recognizing pattern so I found out ah if you take a look up
here and I'll have some zoomed in pictures you'll see this pattern this string of stars here okay just keep keep
this in your mind and this is how you can find it yourself okay so basically this string of stars with those two
stars there that's this string of stars right here and I'll show you how I
orientated that so if I I I blew it out and this is um the same exposure except
uh and then this is the frame that you'll see on the next page where I was able to cor uh to identify the plate um
and and where it is so where this yellow arrow is pointing is actually the star and if I zoom in this is actually the
zoomed in section um where you can see and I want you to pay close attention again to these Stars here that's this
string of stars very clearly here and you can see this this pattern here this
pattern here this pattern here and I know this for a fact when as you start visually plate solving this you can
start to see ah now obviously with my sensor compared to 100 inch uh you know
plate uh with photograph you know my stars are going to blow out as you can see right I mean they're they're quite a
bit more blown out so they're much more sharper images here but the fact that I'm able to pick out some fainer stars
and guess what you are I I I got it that's it so so these are that there's
that triangle minute now Cameron this is this is cell phone astrophotography no
no no no no this is this is a this is an ASI 294 uncool to Molly's point to to
Maxi if I had a cool camera you can imagine this would be really slick right I mean with a cool camera you
get this isn't even cool yeah this I think we can try now H I think I have
shot Andromeda right now sh go for it no no I I I ior I I encourage everyone who
you I'm sure if you take a look and you do this visual PL solve that I did you're you're you'd be surprised you'd
be able to pick it out I'm pretty sure because this is only a 30 second uh you know 10 uh 10 stacks of 30 seconds so
not nothing heavy duty so I know that a lot of the people watching have you know
better capabilities on that so um so yeah this is uh so it's very uh exciting
I mean this is like rediscovering and really fun I wanted to share with everyone this kind of little mini
journey I took going here for me this this is for
me the real pure genuine amateur r
astronomy yes yeah thanks peka I I feel it too it's like just like very crude
but but but using the technology and you know using the visual experience like
the star hopping uh using the technology using visual all those things together
and then and then the history too I mean bringing it all together it's over years
now then then we are talking about emotions we are talking about memories
history that's the whole dinner yes can you imagine if Edwin
Hubble was watching this program tonight okay
yeah and what he remembers is him working on the 100 inch the world's largest telescope okay yeah and your
telescope is an 8 inch right so yes he would he would completely think this was
impossible okay yes yes make me so happy
when somebody just do it like Cameron D did yeah and do it like amateur astronomer
it's awesome and get that the same spot and do work for that that's yeah it's
it's it's it's really it's a real fun with with this 10 point and parot uh
bats for you for that oh thanks we have a that's it's a old finish aing when
somebody do it very well they got 10 points and parrot patch oh that's nice
oh the parro Hat yes I do remember that in my Nokia training days yeah exactly
yeah that's uh that's awesome no thank you than you know what's interesting right now some of the people are
chatting with us in the audience and Aaron Thompson says sweet thanks guys I just found that star in one of my photos
there you but it's really cool it is really cool I mean you're doing you're you're you're
um you're reaching into Data that you gathered and uh you're you're you're
making it we're making discoveries right along with Edwin Hubble here so you know
it's kind of an unbroken chain is what it is yeah connecting all the yep
absolutely and and uh yeah and the the cool part is when you do you know there
there are you see also when you understand kind of the technology and the instrumentation you say okay well
yeah you know like look at the star size right I mean it's a lot smaller on his plate but on the on the flip side we get
we have a better signal uh signal to noise with our sensor sensitivity so we
can pick up for example this dust Ling much more pronounced uh like Gary was saying right you can you can see the
dust Lane very faintly here kind of like what You' see probably visually but uh
but but um but here you can see very clear and also you see a couple of knots I want to zoom in to to this area here
let's go back to this so the same area Okay is uh is right up here so if I zoom
in so you start to this is uh jpeg already so okay I can see the little
trail of stars already you look for this trail of stars and then you go off and it's it's up in here somewhere um but
it's it's got It's it's when you jpeg it it's a you know without zooming first
then you lose that resolution but but uh but what's interesting is you have a couple of nebul here that are that are
in the in the in the zoomed in picture if I go oops let me just uh go back out
again sorry about that what's going on here Zoom back out yeah okay yeah here
we go so you can see this this part here and there's a neb knots of nebulosity so
with a higher resolution you can probably get get some pretty neat uh features of these of
these clusters here so you it's so neat to be able to see that and again you know how both figured it was 1 million
light years away but we know now it's 2.5 uh you know it's so cool you know
and and the guys in the South Maxi you guys can see the large and small maganic Cloud you can see the the tarantula
nebula the iarina nebula oh my gosh you know those are extra Galactic nebula
right I mean it's it's so cool right it's a I love it amazing thing is that
first of all I think that we are in a book for uh two kind of uh
astrophotography there is a one side that uh lays a huge amount of money to
just astrop photographing and they are doing so good pictures and then we are
we who takes uh wants just to have that we
that Cameron chest picked and for me personally the uh noise doesn't doesn't
bother me at all because no that's that that should be there because that's
amateur astronomy and that's the photography and yes the noise
is is one element of the hobby we just need absolutely it's like
YouTube it's it's like it's like this this show This Global star party it's not polished it's it's just real it's
just raw nature it's it's naturally flowing it's it's it's very uh down to
earth if you can call it that you know or you know very yeah you can call it down to Earth
because you know we're staying old it's all connected folks so Stone Edge time
because I think there amateur rest should be like almost baby steps every
day and learning something every day something new and be happy yes yes yes
that's main point and I love your picture Cameron that's so thank you so
neat to see that you're you make science there by
yourself you tredence yeah your
science exactly yeah I mean it's it's it's uh you know I I I went through the
steps even putting yeah you're identifying a star 2.2 million light
years away one star yes yeah that's amazing yeah yeah yeah I mean uh you
know you you you you start W with with this and and like like you said I already captured it here and who knows
what other things you know oh it's and know yeah yeah billions of
other oh yeah oh yeah I mean and and then and even and even bring it closer
to home I mean uh it's the same as uh lunar features for example right I mean
you you see where uh and then even then Mars where did the Mars rover go right
uh where where did where did we land on the Moon right where where uh where are the surveyors um right and kind of
orientating where things are and and whenever there's a new discovery or there's a new Nova in in a galaxy I love
that one that happens you know uh there was some Nova a couple years back in
Virgo cluster I forgot which one it was m67 or one of those and um and you could
actually see it you know uh that was really cool m61 m61 thank you yes
awesome Maxi thanks so my memory was partially there that's
goodas yeah yeah no it's h it's it's really it's so fun um so so yeah I mean
uh I I also while I was doing this I I just I'm not gonna go go through it
because you know we want to save some time but there's a whole bunch of I was just kind of looking at through my
galaxy pictures of the past and you know some of the ones that come to come up is
like this one here in the ring NE around the Ring Nebula you know some of these galaxies that are in in in the same
field of view as the Ring Nebula right is uh you have this one here P
PGC it's it's it's not even on the charts as far as distance uh but then you have this one IC 1296 and it
actually has fire alarms that go off to the side and it's 256 it's a quarter of
a billion Lighty years away right I mean yeah it's like it's just amazing and uh
and it's all in plain sight you just need the right camera and you know
little bit of and now that that gear is becoming you know very very much within
uh reach um another one I want to yeah here's a neat one I just took this
recently uh in in August in Pegasus I love this one you know it's a
nice you know Bard Sky I love I always love about B galaxies beautiful
that curls around it just curls around and I just I just love this is one of my favorite galaxies now um
yeah you know and because when I was a kid in
Pegasus yeah Pegasus yeah 7479 y I think I think I can I I can
point point from here you you can get it you can get it I'll show you where 7479
if I zoom back out here see was it all right I like this now we got astronomers in the northern
and southern hemisphere working [Laughter] together actually get right here 7479
it's on the southern part of Pegasus and it's a let's see here it's a let's see what latitude
is yeah it's h it's only at 38 degrees north so or above the Horizon sorry wait
a minute right de so declination is plus 12 so yeah you could you could see it Maxi no problem it almost looks like
it's fa on but you can tell it's a little bit tilted right yes that's what's interesting
about this it has this one dominant arm which comes out here and then has this kind of double AR actually if you see
the way they're they're mapping our galaxy uh now that they found it's it's a Bard like like what David AER was
referring to right uh we we found out it's a Bard and you can see how in fact look at this one and then look at look
at another one I wanted to so think about how it feels just how it feels to live in a bar spiral galaxy as we do
yeah the fireworks Galaxy and C uh and sigus um is also a Bard but it has a
special shape it has these spiraling arms coming out here and it has this
double uh double arm thing not a these are not super awesome pictures but hey
they're real and you can you can get some structure in it right and and uh so 6946 I think though Maxi this might a
little bit tough so 6 I can I can I can point it because it's near from hubit
right now so is at the at the North
West almost uh right now let me Center OH fireworks Galaxy
let's take a look at it NGC 74 there's a good picture of it from uh
Sky Safari yeah it is a right Ascension declination plus 60 so Maxi I don't
think you could see the fireworks Galaxy no I think not no that's yeah
that's one of those but uh but it's um yeah this is a really very interesting
very rich Galaxy it's called the fireworks Galaxy because how many
Supernova here was like many Supernova have been discovered yeah nine Supernova
have been discovered in this galaxy what whoa yeah so it's that's why it's called thetive
yeah you never know there might be another busy making new stars new planets you got it so keep an eye on
this one um and then uh yeah so you know and there's a bunch of other stuff but
uh just to wrap up my my segment uh I'm I'm in um if I go to my sky survey here
of all the everything that's highlighted in blue again is is uh what I consider best and brightest and we've already
done the swath of Milky Way and we ended we ended up in uh cus actually which is
actually uh you know named for our C CIT uh variable but cus uh we ended up in
NGC 40 was the last thing so now we're we're going to start to go down we're going to go through lerta there's a
couple of clusters and and then we're going to dive into Pegasus and head down here and uh and I just uh we're gonna
end an an M15 on a glob cluster but then we're going to start to do the rest but
I also want to go I want to follow along with everyone on on right Ascension and
capture uh some of the stuff here that's low on the horizon because for me as you
can see my Horizon is really bad like so Maxi you know you see all this beautiful
stuff like Pisces ESS and you can see all this stuff probably directly overhead for me me uh I I I have very
limited time and and it's kind of Mucky to pick out these objects so for example the
Helix nebula you had a beautiful picture of the Helix nebula mine is a piece of
junk it looks really bad but I got it no you got it you got
it wait a minute how could the Helix be a piece of junk no no no just okay I I'll I'll show
you how bad it look let me let me just just it's coming it's coming but let me
just show you what I got here so yeah here's my Helix something I have to
tell everybody that's watching the program too that astrophotographers are
the most critical people on themselves okay on themselves but uh yeah but this
is this is bad you guys come on I mean you know I know you're no but you got it look you have a light pollution You've
Got U it's very low but you have the shape you have the the center it's probably one exposure right
yeah that's one exposure and one exposure okay yeah and if I go yeah let
me let me close this for a second where what I say and I think I went back to it at the end of the day too or end of the
night this one here no that's a couple of galaxies uh love galaxies ah this is
m33 I have to take retake my my um I have to retake my flats they I totally
got up as you can see it's not very good but uh that was m33 and you can see m33 right uh Maxi uh
yes it's a little more up from ER what from androma but here in
the city I have the light pollution very red
and it's very difficult to capture yeah from here I have to be in the farm area
to maybe take him four or five oh maybe maybe more six hours I think h no four
four hours sure but that's that's good yeah this is
this is only like uh you know 30 seconds uh again and no calibration you know
nothing but you can see NGC 60 604 nebulously here which is kind of nice
you see some structure oh yeah uh and you can see the stars this is what's neat I mean you know this imagine what
that nebula looks like from a star nearby I mean it's Gotta Be the shape
that that we got well I I I capture a
galaxy from here last week and you can also see the nebulosity and the the the
very the very shiny nebula that has it it it was uh uh let
me search it uh um it's called
theas or um pear
um Jewel no um I don't know the in English name
gem Yeah well yeah and you know this and I I
think I'll but the main thing is you can see I'm kind of I'm not ashamed of my crude pictures
because part of what I want to encourage is make people feel good about um what you're doing because as Pekka mentioned
uh what we're able to do now even even crudely uh you're getting a lot of
information a lot you can study uh there's some really cool stuff when you look at the structure it's one thing to
take make it picture look nice and appealing um honestly
you know it's it's kind of like um you know the difference between taking a picture of a landscape and and and and
and looking at the Rock features versus versus looking at the beauty of the sunset right I mean you they're both
nice they're both nice but they they're you can enjoy and appreciate the
features um of of the object you're looking at without you know and then
when you do have a good picture of it you you appreciate it even more um so so I really I like to encourage
kind of the Dynam the full range of quality you know everything just to first of all get get the image in the
first place I mean I I can't see this visually like there's no way I mean I
I've I don't know about anyone here but have you ever seen anything like as bad as this image is I I tried you ever seen
anything yeah H I did some kind of that H last year with the with another
telescope but pictures but visually now it was impossible to see it I I've seen
with my 18 inch I you could see the you could see the the dominant arms you
could see the texture you could see these nebulosity even with my 8 inch I can pick out you know uh this for sure
but the overall including these further ones I mean probably Scott you you've
seen in a large dob you've probably seen these further arms right yes yeah that
that that's where dark sky I mean that's and you can there's no sub regions you can
in I've SE I've seen this one here and this one here if if I go to Sky Safari
um even in my bort six through bort 8 Skies bordal six not bad but bordal
eight of course it gets bad when it goes to the West for me but if I go to M m33 over here pin wheel Galaxy as it's
called uh zoom in so you have 604 but if I if I turn up
the uh and there's globular clusters is in m81 of course M31 so if I
go your settings go to uh deep sky so I have it
set Capp at 13 magnitude if I go crank it up here to
unlimited so there's some of these other ones that come in for example uh I can
see this one here NGC 592 maybe I could see IC 131 but some of
these other ones uh I couldn't with you'd need a larger scope but the 8 inch
um you can pick out some of these guys not too bad and you can see this this
basic spiral structure it's not bad visually but yeah in a dark this is where this is what's nice there's a
whole range of experiences you can have looking at the same object whether it's with a small telescope a medium with a
Imaging different smartphone um you know a large do Dark
Skies with Sky conditions as well there's so many things so to be able to look at the object in different
conditions it's also fun so don't don't feel bad like I I obviously don't feel too bad about taking bad
pictures but uh but but it's it's fun it's fun to share and it's fun uh
because you can talk about the experience and what you're seeing and uh yeah so thanks everyone um
I that's my little steel for yeah it's great for cam astronomy this week guys I will come back very soon I have to
change from computer to my phone so I will be back soon okay no problem okay
all right good all right Bea talk to you soon okay if you want I want H to share
ER my screen from my live view if you want yes okay
[Music] um do you see yes yes okay all right
this is using ASI air Suite right exactly the the the the the program of
the manufacturer the software right on the PC on the PC though right you're using the PC exactly a a notebook
outside and I'm connected by anid desk to ethernet right using the ethernet no
I'm using Wi-Fi oh you're using Wi-Fi okay okay that's the not was connected
to a modem and I'm connected to the modem so there's no no problem and I'm
taking a exposures of 10 seconds and you will
see this but if I go to auto stret
oh yeah Canon yeah oh yeah that's awesome
and you know that I was I was biting my my tongue when we were talking about global cluster I agree with what you
said earlier Scott there's no Global cluster that's the same they're all so beautiful they're all beautiful
Treasures you know yeah they're Treasures yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah I
love it somebody said it early in the program looks like somebody took a handful of diamonds and just poured it
out like in a pile you know yeah exactly that that's that's a globular cluster
you know and uh I've always felt you know when I first started doing amateur
astronomy they thought that uh globular clusters Were Somehow The Leftovers of a
galaxy you know and that they were like in this and they are they're in I think they they it they good them
be a Galaxy the yeah that's right that's right it's almost to be a Galaxy but
they couldn't get to them so yeah you know now they have lots of new ideas
about globular star clusters that maybe they are very old galaxies you
know yes because some of the oldest Stars they predate they predate the milk
yeah our our globular clusters predate the Milky Way you know so oh wow how is
that okay yes yeah that's really cool well you know when I where I look at
this scot I imagine imagine the center of that I mean what's what what's amazing you look at this and it's such a
high density you're seeing a Continuum of photons heat and and yet yet the
radiation there's a huge gaps between them if you actually in the middle of the globular cluster there're you know
it's going to be like Bright Stars I mean you're you're not going to it's not there's still huge empty space between
them even though it looks like a solid Mass it's it's amazing you know it's as dense as they
are yeah I they said they would look like basically um you know I guess like
double Stars you might have some it would look like it might be bright
enough right I mean I what do they what do they say Scott I mean
if you were in the middle of a globular cluster would it be like daylight or would it would just be like lots of
super bright venuses think it would be like lots of super bright stars I don't think it would be like
daylight but uh you have to realize let's let's let's take M13 for example
okay and the the old model that I have and I have to probably update this model
but the old model was is that it would had about 500,000 Stars okay which is a lot of stars okay but if you took each
star and you can imagine how I mean if you were up next to a star even like the size of the sun it's so huge right but
let's shrink it down to the size of a p okay that you could hold in your hand to
build your model OKAY using pe's as stars okay you have to get 500,000 P's
okay yeah make them into a ball but they're all separated by one mile guys I come back oh wow they're separated by
one mile so you can't even see one p to the other P okay how far away it is okay
that's a good that's a good analogy that's a good analogy then if we kind of shrunk that thing down somehow and cut
it in half okay let's just cut it in half you would you could place it right over Antarctica that's how big it would
be okay wow wow oh my gosh if you had a spacecraft you could fly right through
it you probably wouldn't even graze one of the Stars I mean it's just you know they're still so far apart that
that is super cool that is a great that's awesome analog yeah you know it would be good cool to to kind of
have some of those uh videos made you know somebody make make something like that yeah to kind of give people some
some scale uh you know I I love something you could probably kind of deal with maybe just grains of sand or
something I don't know how it's so oh that is so cool I like that analogy cover a city or something so yeah so
huge yeah oh looks like Pekka is sharing or that's Moon I have wait
wait wait yeah no problem no problem yeah if I can get to see I'll get to see
her here wait I take if that if I find where I take off my
sharing uh yeah uh
are I'm screen sharing now or you no you only see your okay when you speak we
only see your moon uh that you're highlighted but we don't see the moon
anymore let's see how do I get back there because this is
mobile first try with mobile phone um okay I'm back I thought right
that that my computer and goes to the ground
but no oh is is it still set up are you it's it's still set up that's why
you were in you were doing some uh some sing great yeah uh let me share the
screen again I love that I I want to get set up
now what what kind what are you using for your configuration you have your 8 inch or 10 inch or what was it the eight
inches F four corrector F4 and the
camera nq6 meq 6 and then the you're using Auto
guiding what what are you doing how are you doing that right now I'm using um
Cel to the AQ mode this this program is connected to
the to the Mount as right is works with ascon exactly yeah and and I'm guiding
with phd2 and SC are you using as a guider how do
you no a a finder a nine per
50 but you have you have a guide scope in there right or sorry guide camera right I'm I'm using a guide camera is a
q y5 mon yeah I need I need to get
something like that because um I I want to get my my guiding
calibrated well they they very cheap there yeah yeah there's no reason why I
shouldn't have it yeah I'm very I'm very slow Maxi it takes me a while as you can
see uh it's taking me uh some time but I'm I'm really enjoying putting it all
and tweaking everything uh but when I get it I'm going to get a really but
this is good stuff I I I I think I'm realizing that I'm going to need to have have a an auto guider yes to do more
exposure long exactly yeah so uh I
pointed to another well this is the picture that that I was take it but now is going to
be this oh the tarantula nebula beautiful and and is that the jewel box
down there no no the jewel box is in no
it's in the the Southern Cross ah too far okay besides of the star Mimosa I
think and now it's imposs it's very to the South it's
here okay it's okay so so now TR that cluster then
is inside the large melanic Cloud right exactly exactly
yes let's do a picture of more time maybe I don't know uh 60
seconds and why why you're doing that let's go to C CL and let's see your frame how how does it frame uh on the
CT I think you have the image you have the image Circle right on it exactly I
where I'm pointed ah you can probably put in a you have the you have your um you're using
the circles for your um your IP circles right your yes I did I didn't configurate is
to do the the the feel of view of the camera it's like that that is really
cool then you can you can actually really get it accurate right well well I can do this H I share all
the screen and open um stellarium and there I have it h with
the square of the sensor ah okay cool so I think it's going to be better but the
main reason why is it gives gives a sense on the on the scale because when I see this is like I I see it's like I
know what it is but I want to see it in relation because the tangul nebula is huge right it's like it's like
uh almost spanning half of the uh melenic Cloud right the large Cloud it's
quite large I have to look that let's put out this and now okay let
Center okay so it's not as big as I thought still here
okay yes that's the that's that is the the feel of view that I having right now
you know it's huge very huge and I'm
having are you seeing scarium I see it and I see I see the red box in the in
the highlighted box yeah yes and this is the place yes okay cool cool I yeah
because I I don't have the same or I not familiar with the southern atmosphere of
course as far as what's in the sky so I don't really have a good sense on the
the the relative uh location of everything and sizes so this really
helps um oh that's beautiful I like that cluster oh that's really nice there's a
lot of H star clusters a lot
oh c you you and me will be lost in oh
totally you Argentina we will we need we couldn't navigate on the sou sou
point I I agree not even with the Stars not even yeah it would be like you know
that feeling though is a very neat feeling um I remember when I was first learning my way around the Stars when I
didn't know anything finding nor SK is really tough
but yes and but I don't do you remember that Pekka when you first were looking
and learning about the constellations and it was like yeah you didn't know any that's the way we're going to feel and
we haven't had that feeling probably since we we were kids right I
mean I mean and so when we go down to the southern hemisphere we'll be like kids
yeah it'll be like it like wow we don't know anything about this is you know I
got that feeling when I got to portal three Skies it took me like 10 20
seconds that wow to begin to navigate and where looking for the constellations
because there was so many stars yeah that I I got totally totally lost wow on
over hel of of the beauty of the sky because at home I can see probably uh
like magnitude uh Tre Stars yes
mag and to be able to see up to six
and they the multiply was like thousand or or 10,000 more stars yes so I had
that I I you know I haven't had that experience uh except one time I had
something close to that um I was in close to where to a soas in in in Canada um in
British Columbia called a place called Peachland uh near so right in the middle
there and um that's where Jack Newton I think has his Observatory yeah I've been
I've been there to Ober I always wanted to go you have oh SC that's so cool he seems like such a nice guy and and he
has a bed and breakfast thing going and I was like I really to do that but and it's so close to me relatively and
anyhow I haven't done it yet but I remember going driving through there one time and uh and I remember it was the
same experience that that you're were saying I saw the Milky Way rising over
the The Horizon and uh but all the stars it was so bright the stars that I didn't
I couldn't see the constellations anymore all I could just see is the Stars everywhere pun of stars yeah the
Stars that's something that it makes a you make it makes the stomach feel like
upside down and you feel like you like dizzy you're really like a little bit
afraid also the all emotion CES instantly because you you are not you
are a little bit unsure and you are lost where here's a three minutes picture yes
oh wow yeah nice Max nice wow Maxi you start to see the
nebulosity surrounded and but is yours a color camera or is it a monochrome no
it's a color a color camera okay okay so this is this like a grayscale image of
it or or is this actually a color image H color color image this is a simulating
it should be more colorful than that right uh perhaps maybe is that 294 MC
or 533 oh for okay 533 is that so
good my gosh good yeah yeah I said and put out of and in this case it goes okay
this is a NGC 2, 100 this is
thiser okay let's oh yeah beautiful wow I like it's
like city map city map with light pollution from uh International Space
Station actually that cluster it almost looks like a loose W cluster some some
there are some clusters that look like that um that are really nice and
dense um let's see if we can go to this H I don't know if we can find it is it
will be there so I love M M11 the uh the wild duck cluster I I really like that
one oh yes here I think
it's this NG you see now let's see
rotate it's very near from there
so oh that's you can see it's do yeah I I hope H oh let's stop and put it at no
think 30 seconds uh then if you want let's Max I think uh
I think you probably they're excellent images but there might be something
where you've set it to be all gray because there should be some
color no remember this is pointed to the South and I have light
pollution oh okay okay so maybe it's yeah yeah
okay there it is look at this area look at this oh W
oh I love these things yeah like this let's do it at more
time search Stars start guiding the Stop and
do three minutes now I think never oh this is very very
very good at this Maxi that's awesome and this is all new equipment you're doing great this is so
cool nice it's so nice I like I like this live live
driving it's a little tour from them great
CL oh this is so nice and then if you
want well there are so many places to to watch but but if you want we can go to
some galaxies that we have
yeah we I showed later 47 to canai then
we went to Tanda neula and now we can go
maybe uh well this Phoenix and here's edus
uh this place is full of galaxies a
lot this this is one what what I what I took a couple days ago but the the flats
ER that was very bad and and it couldn't work very good but you know what can you
do the sculpture Galaxy NVC 23 mhm I can point that I can let let's stop when
finish this h i will do to sculp Galaxy if you oh thanks yeah I'm just looking
at what I I have that's just above the Horizon can you can you guys think that
I say you can you can use H Maxi can help you see further south so yeah this
is great yeah you think that all these software like stellarium character to
seed everything is free for us MH and for and for fun one 100 years ago they
didn't have nothing no and also the phd2 guiding program software yeah it
helps really a lot and it's free you know I have
to I in in I I I um oh no no I um when you no I
I don't know how to say when H the the guys that create these
programs we have to give it a lot of things you know because oh I know yeah
help a lot a lot yes I agree yeah it's okay let's let's see how it go it go
this oh okay oh
oh man look at this yeah this is at
100% yeah beautiful this is this is all all the image no oh oh wow you got some
other reflection up there too look at that you know and that's
just so this is what's so cool because it's like EAA um you know as well like
you're able to share this we we are looking through the same eyepiece kits as you
uh and it's like we're looking through a very highend large telescope you know and it's still it's
still visual but it's you know it's uh it's not you know it's a different
experience obviously than looking through the IP I love that too but but just to be able to do this is just
wonderful and then and in the future you know if you do have an opportunity to look through a larger telescope and you
look through those uh it's it just makes you appreciate it that much more it is
nice to be able to see this oh uh here here's to Galaxy so ah
cool H it's in the other side let's see if we can go oh you let's say is there
something in between where where are you pointing right now let me just see what well I
was to the South and now I'm going to the to the West but very
up okay let me see here we are in the hyper space Joy is sleeping right
now oh I know you I want you to
do I
know oh there it is oh it's almost there
okay stop stop very near
but is in the other side more to the east moving the
mount with this camera and this scope H helps you to give more F of view and
stop okay I think it's almost Center it
so let's do 30
seconds now this place is amazing I I have to come back again to this place
and do some pictures oh the the spring Skies here
are amazing every right every time of the year all the
sky okay so let's see what we got two
one oh man all right yeah oh it looks like yeah
it's a you see this is what's interesting even with the star Trails right yeah yes you pick you pick up the
Galaxy so uh that's amazing you can still get the structure so basically there was a a little correction in the
last part so you just have to redo it yeah right now it's going to be okay I think oh
that's gorgeous and there it is
oh it has a little scul that's SC Galaxy right sculp galaxy oh I love it yeah I
love lattice work of that those dust lanes and everything it's just so
[Music] elegant this
galaxy you can see with
vin two two minutes
again you I think he's in in office
okay can I uh Maxi yes this is so awesome can I
let's let's let's look oh that's that so nice Okay I have another favor if you're
if you're okay yeah yeah no problem I'd like you to go to um
NGC uh where is it um give me a second here at 1365 in forx this is part of the
yes I I I was from the the the the great magia Cloud i w i was I want to go to be
there but yeah let's go there let's go there it's in the other side let's let's do some St star um points uh
Waits do you want do you want to see a three minutes or we go to that yeah yeah three minutes let's get a
nice good view of that so we can look at the the structure in that in the Galaxy you bet
right well um I only one picture when this take the
picture I can I can save it but H this is only
one ER I I am I not I am not taking pictures tonight I only did I think 47
to Canada to to to practice okay no no that's okay we have it on video so this
this is nice this is yeah oh you know I I love the the core of the of the Galaxy
is very yellow yes look at that yeah Zoom right
in yeah that's that's nice you can see the the knots of nebulosity and the dark neocity just really love that wow yeah
and also the kind of the galaxies that they are very near or near of the Galaxy
from the perspective but they very far and no this galaxy I love I love it so
yeah oh wow well we have 40
seconds I hope the guiding was okay oh no it's
terrible like a earthquake oh it must how how about how
far above the Horizon is it no it's very up right now yeah
okay is oh yeah no for
out here it's very up oh yeah okay yep yeah
I thought so okay let's see how it
goes okay uh oh good you have round stars and you even have them showing
some some defraction spikes it's nice and very nice Define this is beauty
that's so good so good Max I like it nice that Maxi this is
beautiful this is almost at 50 this is 50% of the zoom area yeah
wow and and that's one that's a single 30 second or sorry 3 minute right it's
one 30 minut 3 minute U exposure exactly L and you can see here there's another
galaxy very far away yeah oh I love that yeah and here's another one yes yes yes
and yeah I think they are a lot oh yeah they're everywhere really every little
faint what's what's neat smudge that you see is a Galaxy you got this granddaddy
Galaxy right this big guy but he's just the clo he's just
close by those other ones that are so probably really huge too oh absolutely
huge yeah okay do you want to to be NGC
1365 yeah 1365 it's another beautiful bar I got to see it bar first of all I
want to be to to aard Star to be if I can be there so
cool a a pointed star and okay
um yeah to to to see if I if the the
mount it's okay so here's the star and we are almost there
so let's do 10 seconds ah you're just doing a plate
solve to realign the mount right exactly yeah that's smart telescope
okay here's the star wow beautiful reminds me of Star
[Laughter] Wars now let's put it 5
seconds and the
CR oh to the West you going you're going to be
up and the East going to be down so we will never learn
those navigation [Laughter]
buttons oh sorry and to remember to the SL uh speed I sometimes don't uh
remember to put it on the one speed one it's nine and then I'm way off and it
takes half an hour to find the star again it's it's a it's
difficult yeah so I want to be so the soft
software should be implemented when you have a Crosshair so it's automatically
makes the software mates the sing control and speed automatically to one
or two when you get the circle when you when you take the the setting Circle
then the sing speed goes automatically to one yeah so you don't they make a
mistake and lose the star when you have found it exactly actually Scott do you
know why we need still need to use an a separate autoguiding camera when we can just do a
zoom in on an existing camera image you mean to guide on the same chip
Imaging on yeah exactly yeah you know sbig made a camera that actually had two
sensors in it it was in one unit yeah one that autog guided and one that imaged but I believe that you can do
that uh um uh the when I discussed it with me instruments when we were
building Imaging cameras uh as an idea they said well you know you can't clock
out the chip fast enough to you know then acquire an image on
another pixel and move the scope you know because you'd have to like stair step
okay so you have to switch to a guiding okay make a guide make a correction take an image you know
and know those early days the cameras are still pretty I mean noisy compared to today's standards okay this is this
is the mid90s okay uh so we were using Kodak uh chips and Texas Instruments CCD
chips is what we were doing so we you know and Coss back in those days was
nowhere near the performance of a CCD now that's they were very expensive
right yeah now it's different okay so it may be possible I mean I'm not an electronics engineer but it may be
possible to fence in like a guide star okay and make that part of the seos chip
behave differently than the rest of the seos chip okay so that's that's something that would
uh investigation I think I think right I think you hit it earlier when you're
talking it has to do with processing so if you're using all the processing for
Gathering the image as opposed to running it at a different rate like it's kind of like take it's probably like
taking a planetary image with a planetary camera with high frame rate and a nebula with low frame rate yeah
that's how it was first that's how sbig first did it okay and I think it was called the uh was either the st7 or the
st8 camera that did some the slrs have
tracking already Nikon has and I think Canon has also
attracting for stars so they have like five up to 10 seconds
tracking yeah that's cool no I think it's going to be in the future pretty
close to Pekka if they already have it with the camera cameras the
Sens must be fast enough yeah and about the cast is
similar yes you're right yeah exactly yeah yeah that's an important thing are
you are you prepared camon I am prepared I see something already with my faint
eyes I I I I can see something in the middle of the screen and I can't wait to see can you can't wait to see your auto
stretch and uh do your exposure here let's see how I think is there
but yep is there oh yes beautiful oh yeah zoom in ah isn't that a beautiful
galaxy yeah that is the one with that's so nice that's a real spiral right there
that is my favorite when I saw this as a kid flipping through the library books
in this is in for in forx yes right on the boundary yeah and there's a if you
look around that is a forax cluster of galaxies very close yes a wider feeli
there's lots of good stuff lots of Juicy stuff those are the extremist extreme
SP spidal Galax but this look Zoom right in and take a three minute of this
because this
has when it comes to Galaxy I lose my politeness
[Laughter] no I I I never I never heard like this I
know you like this and it's amazing know no no you are
this is definitely this is my my passion I Cameron is like young young children
in give it to me give it to me give it to me
here's the thing as you as you're doing this I'm just really appreciating I don't like to just move on to the next
picture right I I I really enjoying the structure and looking at it and you know
we're not even perfecting it and you know making it uh like a you know Astro
photo directly look at this there's some other C galaxies in there oh that's so nice and some you must you must remember
that think how far they are yes yes ex the distance
and what the what kind of travel and uh
Voyage those photons has done yes yes
that's long time here The Guiding is go is okay we are
only in 15 it's okay in
this to to get a a good picture so we have 18
seconds 80 Seconds sorry now zoom in a little bit if you could just bit more
because I want to see that central part this is what's really cool about this galaxy see that there's a dark Lane that
goes right through the core you see that and it goes right on an angle that is so
it's like the it's AR rasing they with with the arms
surrounded is it's amazing I mean just think about the forces and the you know
the fabric of the universe that creates that type of structure right that makes that and you know I think it was talked
earlier in the in the global Star Party many hours ago um about you know two
galaxies colliding you'd never you'd never even know right I mean well I here
we have to able to see the antenna Galaxy they are colliding
but right now is near in in Virgo and the the cvos I think no the
well some very near from the SoMo Galaxy yes and ER I I want to try with this
equipment to to capture it oh yeah that would be beautiful and I
guess that would be for your winter time right which is summer here or spring fall I guess fall year time
right right exactly yes well here's the
Galaxy oh yes more sharpet because there are three
minutes and also maybe the the ding is working and that's why it has this
sharpen area but let's see this is really nice if we
can now it's
very I think you can zoom in press the plus
sign no after you done that press the plus sign on the uh histogram yeah just
press that ah yes yes that that will make it you can do some more finer adjustment yeah there you
go oh yeah yep beautiful then you can get the
right contrast mhm yeah I play with that oh it
is so nice look at how far those fire alarms extend
too look at that yeah way out there yeah yeah yeah at the way that that one dling goes
right across the top of the the central bulge in the yes you know just all some
three stars yeah yeah yeah it must be yeah it must be some I lots of stuff
yeah yeah it's a yeah real string of the Galaxy it's just weird to me that the
core of the galaxy has that obscuring dust Lane going across you know is it
another is it another arm that's mostly just dark nebulosity or dark dust going
across you know yes it's like er I I think this
Galaxy is like a ninja weapon you know or something kind of that because Morning Star yeah some kind of
to blades and and the the the part of when you handle it
and it's amazing it's very rare it's like a cling on Galaxy or something like
that I don't know yes oh wow and I'm just I'm just looking
around for for well H if you want I can I can go to this area but there's a lots
of this kind of galaxies that maybe maybe if I Center this it could to be
good because I love more this kind of Galaxy like a a sculpure
but maybe you can go to this area guys I think I have to jump off because uh I uh
uh have some things to do but uh have a nice
evening or is it night already for you oh you bet absolutely yeah I have a
early morning no problem man yeah and let's see next uh next rob star party I
try to pick up something to to to show but uh I would tell you I have a project
I want to maybe do for my for my Observatory this week is to find an uh
Earth clobe with light inside so I will uh remove the foot of it and hang it in
the middle of my living room and because I can make my living room totally black
so the kids can see that way
what's around Earth globe so I hang it like an an a lamp from the
ceeding in the middle of the in the middle of the the room from the height
also so it's like on their outsight so U that's a small planetary
inside for the so they can understand a little bit more wow look at all these
yeah that's nice good work okay guys
take thanks take care man bye cheers so this galaxies ER they are some
kind of cluster Galaxy in forx
uh they are maybe almost let me see yes 62 2 million like years from us
almost around the corner oh awesome I just love it I'm
taking a a picture of two minutes but I don't know the guiding is really
upset I don't know what's happening I don't know if the windy is giv me
troubles or I don't know is it um oh you know what yeah it's
almost pointing overhead now right it's almost the the balance one
thing I found out in oh yeah is load may not be Lo you're not loaded exactly it
it causes some play in your in your deck your right your right Ascension might be
okay because uh you know you can adjust that but but you're especially if you're flipping it up depending on how your
guide scope is and also because you're not loading it equally it's it it's
floating right your declination it's floating yeah is that right that's right
right uh Scott yeah yeah yeah because you can imagine okay you're kind of like
balancing it all at the so it it it presses on that side of the gear and
that side of the gear and you needed to have all kind of pre-loaded on one side
um well it looks like it gets def Focus I don't know I had to to see it
but well uh it is in fact aiming straight up okay this is this is tough
on on a on amount and um uh you know you might do something to add some weight so
it's always loaded on one side all the time you know yeah now I think it's difficult
they focus too H I don't know sometimes when I P point to another places ER I
realized that I had to ER Focus again I don't know
why I think the the sky get looks like a
lens and I don't know it it happened the last
days with a okay sorry I have one I have one you
must do this this will be the last one is is that okay Maxi yes yes tell me I I
yeah I was I was wondering okay 1300 NGC 1300 oh that's very difficult that's
very because um even how much exposure that you get
ER it doesn't matter uh it's more how I can say it
um well first of all let's do this let's stop
and parking and that ER Galaxy is very difficult to
capture because ER you have to get a lot
but really a lot of hour SCE of information to to get
info actually no well it's it says it's um if I go here magnitude I don't know
eight or something like that but yes actually magnitude 10.4 so it's not
super bright but uh but it's uh it's you should be able to get it I
think based on what I saw based on what I saw earlier I think you're going to get it and it will look you is near from
sculpture yes also I have to H get Focus
so H first of all let's go to oh what
wait spark and we go okay
so with Alpha idus this is AAR star
rotate so the Meridian
flip is is good but sometimes doesn't help so
much do you remember camon how we see more earlier the the two
clouds oh yeah yeah exactly and look at how it goes
now oh you have it on both side of the meridian oh
excellent so let's do it two seconds picture
and no it's Focus I
think yes look like Focus yeah it looks focused MH
well okay so oh it's almost pretty there so it's
okay and now let's go to NGC 300 I think is this yes telescope
rotate here's a lot of galaxies
but okay I think we are there I really appreciate this Maxi this is so cool you
know this is uh this is uh this is the best I mean this is what it's all about
I mean to be able to go north and south what is your latitude um my
latitude is
3044 minus and 6 West 60 West and Scott you're
about 34 North right yeah that's right I'm I I'm 47
North so I'm quite a bit quite a bit further up and then and then I think Pekka he's like 60 something so it's uh
it's uh but that's really cool you know Northern South now we can really comb
the skies but this 1300 oh I can't wait to see this I come back in a minute I will
see outside in a in a moment but I will still sharing the screen okay okay I
already see something this this is cool
yeah yeah this is
great I think after this got we sorry I've been dragging this out been but we
probably we'll probably let Maxi stay all night doing this and then probably
let uh wrap it up e what do you
think yeah I mean it's been it's been great uh very inspiring um uh Global
star party I'm still feeling the energy from it really you know and thinking
about you know Edwin Hubble all those nearly a hundred years ago finding the
sea NE nebula or seid variable in in the uh so-called andr a nebula and uh yeah
and I I can just really just imagine how excited he was when when he found this
you know it was like uh it was like finding a you know this beautiful diamond in the rough you know and and oh
yeah yeah because now now and I'm sure he felt it at the time I'm sure he felt
that you know this will this will be something I'll be remembered for you know throughout history and and and
that's true that's this is what he's known for you know yes he changed uh
Humanity's understanding of of the cosmos in one night y oh absolutely and
uh and like you said I'm sure he was very well aware of the
significance yeah what here's a kind of nebulosity here the core yeah I think is
more spiral you know yes oh yeah you can see see if you can um go go into the
histogram and go go Zoom it in yes and then see if you can bring the there yeah
bring that out like that and then to right now you can see it to to the right bring the one on the right further out
which Galaxy is this ng00 1500 okay 13 1300 300 3 z z yeah
NGC 300 or 1300 no 300 3 Z okay 3 yeah
we want one three z z oh oh so I pointed to another place I think oh okay yeah
okay we have to see 13 z z sorry this is where I'm
pointing uh that's 300 yeah that's not the one sorry oh it's nice it's a
beautiful galaxy I and you can see some good structure but go to 13 00
130 okay let's see let's make let's make sure let's see where it is compared now
hopefully it's not too far away um but B by the NGC number it's a
th000 oh here is yeah yeah right now
uh oh it's more to the north I have to come back uh no wait uh let's see so let's
park again the
scope is a in idos also yes yeah eridanos has a huge amount
I I that's actually a big gap because the weather for me is getting bad Maxi and Scott uh for up here in Seattle it's
been storming and aonis is coming up and and so there's beautiful there's tons of galaxies in there and that's I still
haven't done my observations in that constellation yet uh complete so I'm
hoping that this uh that I get a chunk of time to capture both Visual and uh
Imaging observations uh in the next winter here takes me a little longer compared
to the summer yeah oh yeah we have in the summer the the Orion Nebula oh the
Orion of course the is and this is the
this is how we see it here's androme right now I know it's so cool seeing it
upside like like up uh in inverted is probably the better way to say it
compared to where we see it uh in the in and you're so used to seeing it like
that so the Ryan is nebula is in the upper part of Orion for you yeah yeah that's so neat upside down
oh what Happ yes yes I I try to avoid that now because H you know out of
respect I think I think you have a lot of good stuff that worthy of the right side
[Laughter] up okay so I'm his
canopus his here's another bright star like
C oh yeah that's very bright yeah the second brightest star right H I think I
think it uh and they er always be H
together in the summer you you able to see this and when you pointed ER
directly you went to the great magania Cloud if you point to that's cool these
two stars nice that helps me with orientation oh that's really cool so basically you want to go in the
summertime like we're right now for you this is perfect time to see the maganic
clouds yes it's a more in the summer because they are very
high right now they're really high right right now yes they they are in the in
the maximum position but it's very late right now oh that's true yeah yeah so
it's nicer to see it earlier when they're Rising right as they're coming up
yes okay okay so I think we are in
NGC 13 and 3,000 no no sorry
I I say I don't know 13 13 1300 or or 1,300
yeah 13 z z let's do it that way one spe
yeah the numbers goes what it's doing right now
is those those are the stars for plate solving right ER the The Guiding The Guiding
well the guiding what what is doing is pointing a star and also a doing a
multiple star tracking so the guide helps to
to get less errors yes in The Guiding yeah so well I
think it's go okay right now it's almost at the limit it's going to be
a um below of this and
90 so let's see oh there it
is oh yeah now this is a beautiful galaxy this
is another of my favorite bars oh my gosh see this is this is more like you
have the bar a perfect bar in the middle and then you have those instead of extending out like the other
Galaxy uh that going straight out these arms wrap right around really tightly oh
with another galaxy there too why not yeah look at that oh yeah you able to
see this yeah I no I when I see it it's just a mush uh it's uh it's just for me
it's um what is it if I go to let me just tell you how far off the Horizon here let's go
Horizon oh my gosh yeah so if I go I go let's go let
here yeah actually you know what it's interesting I should be able to see it
it's it's uh it's about um it rises to about 20 degrees off the Horizon for me
which you think would be good but it's it doesn't show out very show very well
um H I haven't actually not actually now that I mentioned it let me take a look if I
even observed it because uh I think I tried to observe it one time let me just
take a look here show up ations I never heard you so excited
C well you know the reason why like a kid in the
celestial oh yeah no the reason why I well first of all I love galaxies but
this particular one if you Google this one um there is there is it's it's a
famous it's a very famous Galaxy image um with really lots of nebulosity in the
arms that are arcing around and then a very distinct bar across so this image
you have is just beautiful it does a good justice but it's it it's interesting to contrast this one to the
earlier bars that Galaxy where the the the arms go straight out right they kind
of go so like very sharp sharp yeah very sharp very sharp arms and and if you
take a longer exposure so I I highly when you have time Maxi uh it would be
great if you get these two G bar galaxies try to get some nice images of those like long exposures they they are
just gorgeous they're just beautiful and um yeah thank you thank you so
much let's see what we get now 10 seconds
of three minutes okay and I'm calling the camera
at minus 10 degrees
okay yes here is at 100% this is the full
size okay yeah it's it's a it's a smaller one tighter but let's do the
zoom in on the histogram again and let's play with the uh the
levels oops Yeah so bring that one there and
then the one on the right bring that to the right more actually just for just to see uh
oh oh no that one okay what I what I to the left yeah that's good yeah yeah like
that what it will do is that will help with your signal noise you see so if you
zoom in to the upper arm you can start to see some knots of
nebulosity right in that in that yeah here on the upper arm there exactly see
those those nebul Isn't that cool and then the bottom arm too you can see a little bit of nebulosity Oh you mean like right there on the curve where the
hook is yeah right where the hook is exactly yeah there you go see yeah yeah
yeah yeah you see some knots of nebulosity Isn't that cool wow cool
beautiful it's amazing yeah I love it incredible giant or nebula after giant
or R nebul you know ex exactly exactly oh beautiful thanks mat well now I can
go to sleep and feel really satisfied all right I think Scott's turning into a pumpkin here so yeah I know I
think they use that expression in Argentina that you're going to turn into a pumpkin do you even know a pump a
pumkin is a orange colored uh uh uh
fruit that grows on a vine you know it grows on the ground and during Halloween
children decorate these pumpkins
ah yes pum yes so we say we say if it's very late
okay that you're going to turn into a pumpkin because of the story of Cinderella
okay big pumpkin carot midnight has past midnight but the
spell the spell is over because it's so late yeah the magic is worn
off to conclude if you want let's of course okay let's do one conclusion this
is the the the the the the strawberry of the ice cream on
EXA yeah this is the one okay this is a great conclusion yes oh it's already up
yeah it's late enough for you guys oh look at that oh man look at that see it
is a color camera beautiful look at that oh wow how long
is this H 30 seconds yeah that's all you need and you know when you zoom in
there's two parts of the Nea there's lots of parts that I really like but zoom in and go down a little bit I just love that very defined refle that part
that reflection right there that I love that on the lower part that is this is awesome and then this one here that
comes in front that that nebula that has the little three little holes in it uh
yeah that's one that you see that that protrudes in front of it that's awesome
you can get a 3D kind of perspective right it's like oh gee I love that of
course the whole NE is beautiful beautiful and then if you take a longer exposure all that texture that's kind of
going out to the further if you have a wider field you start to see that fabric
even further oh man yeah this is beautiful besides of this is the running
man neula but in the the the feel of you is possible to see it but the entire
neula of m42 goes okay here in all the square
okay I have another request okay I want you to take the
horse head please the horse head the horse head okay yeah so yes and that's by the way Maxi that's my
that's my goal before the end of this year I I took pictures of that yes I
have never seen it I've never taken my own picture with my own eyes I am it's
very difficult very difficult yes it is M uh what I see 434 I think this yes
yeah beside the flame Nebula look
there yeah what's interesting is the flame nebula is very easy actually uh
it's quite quite bright even visually but then right beside of course the horse head is really elusive yes I think
we are there so
let's do in this case I think we have to do more exposure yeah let's just do one
right off the bat yeah no I agree with you that's with two minutes will be okay
yeah and then we have to sorry [Laughter]
Squad okay oh this is a beautiful picture of that Ryan yeah it never disappoints I'm really excited so I I I
should be able to get something like this yes probably you have the almost
the same feel of view with your camera yes yeah I'm looking forward to
that you know and also I love how the colors are more
um um distribute
distributed in these pictures ER and like like I say I have no I'm glow
anywhere there there's nothing yeah I mean and and you're not
this is just a single picture you're not doing any flats or darks or calibration frames right no no absolutely I I have
to do flat because ER at some place I have some
bitting but uh well this this is not stacking though right are you stacking
any Flats no uh yes I do maybe 20 Flats only uh with with the
same but but this image here like are you no I I I didn't configure anything
this is only the the picture that comes from the sensor and that's it that's
great okay let's see in the horad would I hope oh I didn't watch the guy no the
guy is okay looks good looks good there you go oh there it is I'm satisfied all
that is gorgeous look at that oh man there it is that's yep oh it's the horse
head yeah the horse head oh yes and you have the other IC 434 something like
that the other one so you know who discovered the horse head it was a it was a female astronomer
yes minina Fleming yes the one you've named the award for right yeah yeah I
didn't make the award the astronomical League didic that is she she was an incredible
woman yeah I mean unbelievable unbelievable um opposition too that she
had to deal with you know uh yeah so I I think that's so cool I mean
persevered that is a very good um how can you see it uh
Milestone to have your name attached to the discovering the horsee head wow that's really
cool ah beautiful ni but I'm so happy I
we can see it it's like is so cool this is what it's but this is what we were talking about earlier with Becca just to
be able to see it you know this is um this is really cool and well here's
H what I did a couple days ago
hor and this is the the stacking and processing picture
oh yeah oh that's beautiful and I love about that you know this is a perfect
example and the way you have the orientation of the defraction spikes right the way you frame yes I I love to
put it very very you did really nice it's pretty yeah really pretty Maxi fer
yeah it make a nice Christmas card you know that exactly that is a that that is gorgeous anyone will appreciate that
also I did H this Galaxy kosas and this uh I think it's
this and are you using like deep oh yeah this is a cool one sorry but this is the
no they they are pictures oh zoom in zoom in zoom in
yeah look at this look at that oh I like this that looks really sharp oh
especially those oh wow you know this galaxy reminds me I I don't know if you
I'm a very fan of Star Wars but oh yeah right sure this galaxy reminds me a
Starship that have the the monari chryler yeah yeah yeah that's
Admiral AAR was in exact it's a trap yeah the big the big Corsair or the big
Battleship or whatever yeah the main the main ship yeah exactly yeah I also look
at the the the tiny Galaxy the yes let's look at them oh man
they're so nice yeah oh I love that that's really nice M look at
that yeah which one which one is this what's the name of it h this is NGC 55 I
think 55 okay which Which Constellation um also sculptor I think because it's
very near from the sculptor Galaxy um I think
NGC 55 let's see yeah uh yes in the sco
Galaxy at seven light seven million light years from
distance from us oh beautiful yeah it's another one of those I'm just looking
it's it's too far south for me yeah but that's okay it's it's so
nice to see oh that's beautiful thanks Maxi I also what I did the the Omega
anula but I didn't like the the process it what no oh yeah these are beautiful
yeah this is a Inc not unstretched but I didn't like it how we
see it so I didn't finish the process and
everything so really nice I think it's all I have to
gra I think we have to let him go to bed sorry yeah thank you
Scott he look like a zombie or something he kind of kind of space out
yeah yeah if if I have if
I I I no if I would not go to work tomorrow yeah it's okay no no problem
right you just keep going I I wait my my my my f say with
mates and and everything it's no no problem no problem but no I have to work
tomorrow oh yeah almost you got to sell computers right yeah H yes the selling
is very hard in this season yes but that we we we have to to Ste on it
yeah of course of course ah this was really great thank you so much that was
really fun it was good Maxi thank you so much thank you Cameron uh all of you
that uh watched our program today that are still watching thank you very much uh we'll be back of course next Tuesday
with another global Star Party make sure that you watch the international observe the moonight event on the 9th okay which
is coming up this weekend and um you know it's going to be a lot of fun uh uh
Vivian white has some amazing uh uh presenters that are coming on uh from
all over the world so I think it's going to be very cool um and uh what else can
I say um I love this uh this global Star Party it was fun uh and uh it's great to
have have all of you here yeah so you guys have a great night and uh until
next time keep looking up so you bet yeah awesome okay guys see
you and let's find my outros here
okay here we go here we go and here we go good night you guys
thank you good night B good
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night hi this is Dave Iker this coming week marks 98 years since Edwin Hubble
discovered the nature of galaxies and the cosmic distance scale to celebrate
join me for a special talk on Galaxies this week on Tuesday night October 5th
on the global Star Party brought to you by Scott Roberts and explore
scientific I'll see you there happy
stargazing hi friends Vivian white here from the NASA night sky Network and I just want to invite you all to join us
for the global moon party happening October 9th uh from 300 p.m. on uh that
specific time 6:00 p.m. eastern time we are going to have such a blast we have
great folks from the international observe the moonight joining us we have NASA friends from the visualization
studio and moon TR and uh all over the place we have Icelandic poets to talk
about the moon presenting new work that they're doing um space agencies from
around the world will join us and we hope you will too please uh get the word
out let everyone you know who loves the moon know that we are kicking off the international observe the moonight this
October 9th see you [Music]
there [Music]
hi everyone this is Terry man and I'm the secretary of the astronomical league
and the co-host of astronomical League live we have a special event coming up
on on October 15th at 700 p.m. eastern Daylight time we're going to have a kind
of Halloween party online we have quite a few speakers the
first one is one of our regulars one of our favorites David Levy and he will be
doing Celestial incantations next up we'll have Mary
Stewart Adams passing between the worlds under October Skies we also got Astro
Bob black holes where matter goes to die and Molly Wakeling spooky nebula of the
night and John Goss the master of lunacy and we do expect that name to stick
Barbara Harris alol the demon star myself Aurora soul of the night and
we've got Carol ore the president of the astronomical League we're going to put a wizard hat on him and let him work his
magic so please let me personally invite you to join us October 15th 700 p.m.
eastern Daylight Time right here we hope to see
you
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why do we chase this thing jumping from one continent to the next just to bathe for a moment in the
absence of light who are
we what are we searching for TS Elliot wrote We Shall Not cease
from exploration and the end of all our exploring will be to arrive where we
started and know the place for the first time one of the qualities of seeing an
eclipse is it makes you understand that every given thing is in a particular
pattern relation with every other thing he gives me a sense of scale gives me a
sense of where I fit into the universe it is is Art is poetry it's this kind of
experience of going and and seeing totality in which what feels merely metaphorical is suddenly experiential
encounter immediately afterwards you have that overwhelming desire to see another one that's the moment an eclipse
Chaser is born these are folks who are running all over the world for this
event that lasts all of 2 or 3 minutes who are these people it's unique each
time and therefore that freshness even if we've seen it over and over again oh
my gosh it has the potential to re-inspire [Music]
us a total eclipse of the sun doesn't just unfold in the heavens it transforms
the minds and hearts of those who experience it firsthand the same is true of Journeys
to the most remote regions of our planet whether we're standing on a mountain peak or in a stark polar landscape we
can't help but reflect on our place within the larger scheme of
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oh