Transcript:
when a edu Martinez stop the ball at the at the final final of the game and you know we the argentinians we are still not believe in that and we feel that the ball is going to pass to the goal so we still think of that it's crazy yeah so how you how you been guys someone has a schedule oh good yeah everything's been good so all right I think that um you know I think we're all feeling uh fortunate to be doing what we love to do and sharing what we love to share and um uh you know it's uh it's great to do with some of the best people in the world who do it so you know so I love that and I'm really grateful to be part and of course participate with you guys you're a big part of it so good job nice background Terry you're mute yeah I I we can hear you you are muted I'm just sitting here watching this video mesmerized by Elva Motion in the video oh yeah that's pretty cool Scott I like that yeah these visualizations from NASA are just incredible and I'm just listening to all this and it's so cool to be part of this group thank you it's a pleasure run whether they have you on Ron still that's great that's great so yeah so we're we're gonna get started now and um uh so welcome uh to our audience uh David eichers uh chimed in here he says he's in rainy Atlanta um swimming Tigress music hello from Winnipeg Mike Wiesner from Arizona Norm Hughes uh out here nearby so howdy Scott and crew here we go and my daughter Jessica hi Dad laughs it's awesome here we go [Music] roughly every year or two somewhere in the world the Sun appears for a few moments as a Ring of Fire in the Sky this is called an annular solar eclipse annular comes from the Latin word annulus which means rain an annular solar eclipse occurs when a new moon passes directly in front of the Sun but appears too small to cover it completely but why is that it's because the moon's orbit around Earth isn't a perfect circle but rather an ellipse or slightly oval shaped this causes the moon to move closer to us and then farther away during its month-long orbit when the moon is at its closest point called perigee it appears slightly larger in our sky when it's farthest from us at apogee it appears a little smaller but we don't see an annular eclipse every month that's because the moon's orbit is also slightly tilted in relation to Earth's orbit around the sun this means during most months the Moon is either too high or too low to block the Sun so only when a new moon is at apogee and passes directly between Earth and the Sun to Spectators on Earth get the rare opportunity to see the Ring of Fire in the Sky unlike a total solar eclipse when the moon completely covers the Sun during an annular eclipse the Sun never fully disappears so if you're lucky enough to be in the path of an annular solar eclipse make sure to wear your solar eclipse glasses or use other safe solar filters to witness the spectacular Ring of Fire in the Sky [Music] hello everyone Scott Roberts here from explore scientific and the explore Alliance we're proud to host the 121st Global Star Party called unfolding Cosmos I'll start with a quote from Seth shostak Seth shostak doctor says shostak from seti will actually be on our program tonight giving a talk on um you know the short history of looking for aliens um as compelling as that might sound uh you know it is serious business um this quote goes it's hard to imagine anything more interesting than learning that how we're woven into the enormous tapestry of existence where did our universe come from and how special is our world and how special are we we allocate tens of billions of dollars annually to NASA NSF and Academia in search of the answers and uh so hopefully you're going to stay with us tonight and take this ride uh we have uh the unfolding Cosmos Edition has some amazing speakers including stuff Shaw stack but we kicked off almost every Global star party in fact every Global star party with David Levy comment Discoverer and astronomer renowned uh with his uh words of inspiration and poetry then we switched to Terry Mann Terry is a two-time uh former president of the astronomical league and she is currently the secretary of the astronomical league and she'll be talking about uh the unfolding Universe of of the league itself and so um then we have Sasha stack with his Short history of the search for aliens Ron breacher who has uh never appeared on our program before and it'll be his first time uh is an incredible astrophotographer I think he is an ambassador for pix insight and so he'll be giving his presentation for the first time here on the 121st Global star party uh we end our first section with uh Molly Wakeling uh and her astronomally series and she's going to be talking about the Supernova uh that uh is everyone is watching in Galaxy M101 and so it's a type 2 Supernova and she's going to talk about what makes a type 2 Supernova and why Supernova is so special uh we'll take a break and then we come back with maxi filari's uh from Argentina John Schwartz and uh hopefully several others so thanks for tuning in tonight and um uh we'll take it away [Music] [Music] thank you hello everybody thanks for tuning in to the 121st Global Star Party when I I was I was typing out the numbers on the announcement posters that I make up for this program and I was just thinking back to when we first started doing Global star party and uh all the amazing people have appeared on it all the amazing audience members some of the audience members actually joined us on global star party which was you know fantastic um but uh there's been some amazing moments uh I'm reminded of the time when David Levy and I and I think it was Steve Malia we did I think it was a marathon almost 24 hour uh Global Star Party um at one point um uh I'm reminded also of you know the the very first one that we ever did where I literally I was still experimenting on learning how to do broadcasting and I apologize to all of you that had to suffer through those first few broadcasts but uh uh it was a lot of fun and we learned a lot um in the process we got to teach some other people that wanted to learn how to do broadcasting for astronomy clubs and their meetings and that type of thing and that got us through coven um another fortunate aspect was our involvement with the astronomical league and um being able to program all of their astronomical leave lot League live programs um I just re-watched part of the broadcast that we did from last year's Alcon which was uh which was a real privilege to do and so it has been a great privilege to do Global star parties and I look forward to doing each and every one of them so uh we have I I talked to uh some of the uh uh or mentioned some of the people that are in chat right now we got huachaca astronomy club and says hi all from South Eastern Arizona where it's very warm uh Ron breacher is in the chat as well Norm Hughes uh welcoming everybody so anyhow um uh no matter where you're watching uh we hope you enjoy this program uh we know that some of you combine actual real observing and listening to Global star party at the same time which I think is fun and cool um and we love your comments and questions so uh up next is uh David Levy David and I were talking uh kind of Backstage a little bit about uh uh how fortunate we are uh to be able to participate in astronomy in the way that we can and um you know I was marveling at David's life in particular and all the amazing experiences that he's had you know he's had his challenges of course but uh uh you know The Shining uh the brilliant uh moments in his life uh in meeting some of the most uh luminary people in um in astronomy I you know I think it's uh something that um when you got to sit back and look at it you just almost lose your breath you know it's it's uh it's very cool he got to know them he wrote about them he became friends with them and um and he participated in the search for comets and asteroids and stuff like that with um uh some of them as well so I'm going to bring on David thank you very much for coming on to the 121st it sounds like a 2001 number doesn't it 121 somehow but uh yeah uh which is another as a movie that David and I love which is 2001 A Space Odyssey but I'll turn it over to you David thank you for coming thank you Scott and uh welcome to the 121st Global Star Party unfolding Cosmos you're not going to hear about this on the Nightly News can you just see good evening welcome to the CBS Evening News and the cosmos is doing this or that you'll never hear that on the Nightly News and especially not in the local news you'll hear that there was a fire in Douglas Arizona two churches that was the big news we're all going oh my terrible which we are and uh the daily almost daily mass shooting that we hear and everything else but one thing we will never hear about and we might even hear about a comet from time to time or certainly an eclipse from time to time but nothing about the unfolding Cosmos that's different that requires us to change our thought it requires us to stop thinking about the Daily News because the cosmos doesn't care about the Daily News the cosmos runs in time scales that are Way Way Beyond what you and I are familiar with our entire lives of birth the marriages maybe to death is less than a nanosecond of cosmic time it's it's completely different so in the course of our life the nice guy is going to look approximately the same that they were born as it does the day we are about to die and um which brings me a little bit to a little bit of personal business that I'd like to share with you as you some of you know I have been prone to depression my whole life my first one was when I was a patient would be uh Jewish National home for asthmatic children in Denver and after I was there for about a year I guess something inside me just said I want to go home and I got extremely depressed and I eventually did get by Molly I eventually did get uh get to be sent home and then after I did very well at Acadia and I got my bachelor's degree there and then went into an extremely bad depression and I almost didn't come out of because there was a big suicide attempt for following spring and then I gradually gradually pulled out of these things and I had my life I had my comments but more than anything else I had Wendy I am now going through a massive depression but this one's different from the others this one I have a reason for this one there is a Cause because is that I've lost Wendy I miss her very very much I went to the um I went to the cemetery two days ago I talked with her told her what I was up to or not up to and I thought it was a pretty good visit and I go there very often and uh we're also designing the uh Tombstone that will be placed probably early this fall and uh doing all kinds of things like that but life is going on whether it's our little toy lives that are talked about on the Nightly News for some of us or the one of cosmic of the unfolding Cosmos so we get to our poem tonight this one's my Tennyson and when when I write when I quote from Shakespeare tennis and these are two bullets that I admire intensely and I have a little habit that I've gotten into when I get to a poet that I really like and that's just about all of them I try to find out if there are any living descendants was easy with Shakespeare there aren't any but with Tennyson I found about about Jonathan tennerson his great grandson and uh that was a very interesting story because I I kind of realized that this that this situation there wasn't all that long ago Dennison was writing in the mid 19th century and he had a child he had a couple of children and they got married and had children of their own and then those children had children of their own and then one of them was Jonathan Tennyson so I decided to write to him told him what I was up to would you believe I got an answer within 10 minutes he said yeah David I know who you are I've written a lot of papers on Shoemaker Levy nine I am an astronomer and the next time you come to London you gotta see me I gotta see you and turned out I had a trip to London planned so I got to meet him just a few weeks later and it was really really something I will never forget we're talking like two old friends and I'm thinking your great-grandfather was Alfred Lord Jemison which brings us to the poem and when we go up tonight a little bit about even Venus is not Cosmic time but for the last month or so it has been very very high in the Western sky in ancient times when Venus was high in the west at dusk it was called esper and when it comes in the morning sky it was called phosphor and I kind of like that I'm quoting tonight from Tennyson's most famous poem in memoriam and you know the famous in memoriam stanza which is uh Abba which is really my favorite rhyme scheme and first of all he talks about sunspots and what's the day of my delight is pure and perfect as I say the very source and Phantom day is death with wandering Isles of night that is not a scientific description of the same spot but it's damn beautiful at night no Rooter air perplex by sliding heel Hill classical bread is our Pure Love through early Late Show glimmer on the Dewey jacks Wright phosphor fresher for the night by Thee the world's great work is heard beginning on the wakeful bird behind me comes the greater light please for sweet whisper Foster double name for what is one the first the last battle like my present and my past thy placed by place has changed Thou Art the same thank you it is beautiful thank you so much okay um well we are uh pleased to uh bring on next um Terry Mann from the astronomical League uh let me bring her on right now Terry's got this beautiful shot behind her okay this is uh you can see the uh the statues those famous statues from Easter Island um and all the people that were you know behind the curtain so to speak here and a gold star party they're asking her about this particular image because it's so stunning but Terry took this image uh from a recent trip to Easter Island um so thanks for coming on uh Terry and for doing this I know you've been crazy busy uh but it's so nice to have you here well thank you Scott it is a pleasure to be here um yeah that's probably I hadn't been in the southern hemisphere in a long time it's still as beautiful as what it was the last time I saw it so you know tonight I thought about um your topic and for me when I stop and think about this I I think it is incredible because there is so much that goes on in the cosmos and it's so amazing to learn about it um I think a lot of what draws me to astronomy is the fact that it's always changing there's always something new something exciting to see and it keeps my mind busy and it keeps me wanting to do things and work on stuff so I decided to take this from the angle of what does feeling following causeless mean to me because I can soak everything in but how will I use this information so one of the things I came up with was if there is something like an eclipse or a meteor shower in Ohio it isn't going to matter if I'm awake or if I'm asleep because if it's something exciting in Ohio I'm not going to see it unless it's a full moon and this is something in Ohio you kind of get used to you never like it but you get used to it you go to bed and you're not happy and you'll wake up every couple hours and it's still cloudy but let's say I went to Utah Utah you're not going to find me sleeping until after the sun rises because there are incredible Skies out west compared to where I'm at so the first thing for me it depends on where I'm at what it means to me but the one thing I do know is whether I'm going somewhere because most of the time I have to go somewhere to do some Imaging um I have to the first thing I think about is okay am I flying uh what can I take on a plane are they going to stop me in customs because I got a meteorite in my pocket you know what's gonna happen here can I drive and take the kitchen and the kitchen sink with me that way I have everything I ever wanted so it depends on where I'm at and what I'm shooting you know I'm looking at what camera do I use what telescope should I use a star tracker so many things keep me thinking and that's what I like there's a challenge to this people can say you go out you take a picture and there you go that's your after photography nothing hard about that and sometimes if that's all you want is just a simple little picture that it's great but astrophotography takes a dedication because you become a problem solver or at least that's what I think we are we have we can turn on turn our equipment off one night and it's working perfect and the very next time you turn it on nothing will talk to anything and you're like what has happened I don't know so uh we become problem solvers and not only that yeah we can get all the pictures now how do we make it into something that really looks pretty you have learned the first step now go to the Second Step processing um there is a lot to it but it is a great Challenge and if you like that then you know whether you're Visual and sketching or Imaging and using camera equipment it really gives you a lot to do and so I've always liked it so let's look at one of the things that is unfolding solar cycle 25 now solar cycle 24 was really kind of weak and they said 25 would basically be the same well it's not we're getting a lot more Sun's box a lot more activity and I am an aurora Chaser I but I'll admit I go to Alaska because chasing again down here sometimes can be hard but I believe with cycle 25 we will probably get more Aurora in the lower 48 but Terry's crystal ball has been wrong before but I really do believe we'll probably see this down farther um in the states this is one of my pictures if you've not been to Alaska or maybe you have or someplace where you have seen this a lot of times at night it will start with the Quiet Arc you will see the aurora Arc over as it comes um you know as it gets more active and I think this is a Pano of about seven images of The Quiet art over the North Pole in Alaska and it is so amazing to watch it just move it is an incredible thing to see and part of the reason I'm telling you this is if you've ever thought you wanted to go to Alaska to see the aurora the next two years honestly are it it would be fantastic time because I have seen more purples Reds Blues than I've ever seen there in my life and granted I'm only there you know for a couple three weeks because most of the time what you see is this green and this is a beautiful sunset the Aurora was started out because of sunset spectacular now thank you even though there were clouds it was spectacular to watch that the clouds added more character I thought but to watch this start to actually get active was amazing and the structure the motion of the Aurora when it's really active the Reds and the blues and you really see that when it's not at a solar Max you can still see some of that at Sunroc before the sun rises and right after Sunset but what I was seeing uh last year was just the color was everywhere all the time there was Aurora every night but you can see the Reds but the structure that you see the Rays the curves everything the motion was so incredible so seriously if you were thinking about going to Alaska you got a couple of years plan on it you won't be disappointed but then you know what happens is you do all this stuff and you start to watch everything and all of a sudden you're kick back you're watching the sky and everything comes together the sky starts to dance cones come out the structure all of the motion by the time it did this I am laying flat on my back in the snow with my usual oh wow look at this this is real time uh shot with the Sony a7s it was just incredible and this is the kind of stuff the coronal Aurora that you see overhead that you see a lot in Alaska it is truly amazing you will not forget it it will just kind of blow your socks off but when it all comes together like that you sit there and think okay this is the moment this is what I was waiting for this is just a connection that you know we all have I think with the Stars for all of us that are really interested in this so another thing as Molly is going to talk about uh is a supernova this is Barbara Harris down in Florida the J Bar Observatory shot this this Supernova is incredible and it is so amazing because you look at all the amateurs all or even the professional or the semi professional whatever the amateurs can add so much to the science I mean they are out there with the equipment that does amazing work and they know how to use that equipment right you look at a lot everybody on this program that is an imager everybody does amazing work and they can do it in the wink of a knife they have dark clear skies so it's amazing what can happen and I'll be interested to hear what Molly's got to say here and we've got an annular Eclipse that will be coming up out west on October 14th but here I believe we've got partial eclipses all around the U.S I believe so it's a good way to kind of practice for the total eclipse that's coming but this is another connection to the sky a ring of fire I saw this one back in the 90s I believe it was um and I had never seen a rig of fire and I was so excited just to see something like this in the sky and then we've got the April 8th for the total solar eclipse now I am amazed how many people are still unaware of this um totally unamased because our next one in the U.S will be to August 23rd 2044 and you know this is one of those that people like me might not be around in 2044 or if I am who knows if I'm going to feel like being at one so this is kind of our last major total solar eclipse in the U.S for a long time and I think that will probably drive a lot of people that have never seen a total solar eclipse out to see it because the center line also is going over so much of the U.S so this is another connection that we've got um I've seen a couple I was in Casper and in Casper I was trying to explain I did a couple workshops that the corona is different for every eclipse and what really amazed me was NASA had put out um about two days before what the corona would probably look like I didn't know they did that and so I was doing a workshop at a library and I said now this is what NASA is saying the corona is probably going to look like and you know it was exactly like it was going to look like it was incredible to see that but I was trying to say this is like the Aurora yeah you see it once but the structure this is everything about it will be different every time you see it now the one thing that I really found amazing I have had the emergency services in county-wide here contact me to work with them about what an eclipse is what to expect because so much has happened on the 2017. so I find myself networking with two states in emergency services everybody out there that has knowledge of the eclipse might be a good idea if you guys contact emergency services or libraries or the school I am speaking at libraries uh not a lot just everywhere in a lot of different areas um and maybe all of you can help too because people don't know this and it's going right over our houses and they don't know about this but the one thing I really want you to stress as always is the safety of watching a solar eclipse um as I've said before uh we always want everybody to view it safely and all the glasses which I have got the plastic pair which I'm surprised these are all marked with conforms to and meets transmission requirements of iso 12312-2 builders for direct observation of the sun please make sure all of your glasses anything your glasses that you're going to use direct viewing of the sun are marked with that and safe stress that everywhere and you know if you do that you guys can help unfold the cosmos for others that have not looked up and have not seen it so please reach out wherever you can to help educate everybody on viewing this safely and I will close with on Ali the Scott brought up earlier June 9th at 7 pm Adam blocked he will be talking about picks in sight uh uh right here so and also Alcon we have our astronomical League conference in Baton Rouge July 26th through July 29th please join us we will have David Levy there yes David will be there in person so please join us and many many others Brett espinac and I can't go down the whole list they've got excellent speakers and a tour to ligo so check that out on our website and Scott I will turn that over to you okay that was excellent so we got a whirlwind experience through uh through our solar system and um uh there's lots of stuff to do and uh you know so we're we're all going to be busy busy astronomers and we've got as as Terry said we got a a big word to get out uh so that people can experience a total eclipse of the Sun or an annular eclipse of the sun uh the right way uh and uh to have something to witness something that's really going to change a lot of people's lives so um thanks very much Terry and uh uh we will talk more about the league uh next week so okay thanks Scott okay take care all right so uh my next speaker is Dr Seth shostak he is a friend of uh of mine and also of many people that are in the astronomical Community but beyond the astronomical Community Seth has been searching for decades now for uh extraterrestrial life um uh in a in a scientific way with the uh search for extraterrestrial intelligence the seti program that was started by Frank Drake and I think Carl Sagan and perhaps a few others but uh um Seth is the senior astronomer he claims to have gotten interested in extraterrestrial life at a young age of like 10 years old um and he went off to become a radio astronomer he's worked with the greats and he is uh he's with us tonight to talk more about um I guess a short history of uh the search for aliens thank you Scott should I should I do this now and should I do it in English I mean you offered four other Alternatives I was going to do it in person there you go and you're just coming back now from a trip but in Europe is that correct yeah I got back from Switzerland I guess it was a day before yesterday so I'm I'm jet lagged but uh you know all that Swiss chocolate not to mention the cheese and the inhabitants of uh Basel uh you know they provided momentary Enlightenment all right listen I got to talk a little bit about that because this was the the brief that Scott gave me to talk a little bit about the history of searching for aliens now I have to tell you I'm not a historian so frankly this I know from nothing but uh I'm going to Regale you with you know some things that you'll probably sit there and think well to begin with this isn't true and secondary and secondly it isn't even interesting but on the other hand for those of you who you know want to learn polish in your spare time this might be a good a good time to start uh as as far as searching for aliens you know the idea of aliens of course is quite old uh the the Chinese were writing about it thousands of years ago and the classical Greeks actually they believed that everything they could see in the sky was probably inhabited by aliens and they didn't know that a lot of what they saw in the sky would you know a giant star super giant Stars which probably don't have too many aliens on their surfaces but you know the Greeks at least should be given credit for being optimistic but while they were happy to philosophize and that's after all a Greek word the Greeks were famous for never doing any experiments they somehow didn't seem to be interested in the experiment but that changed by the 16th century the invention of the telescope you people know about that more than many and uh what the first thing that the telescope did was show that the planets which had already uh you know developed a following because they moved around the sky that the planets were actually not points of life but spheres that they were balls and that surely was an incredible uh Discovery when it whenever it was first made we don't have any information about who first noticed that the uh the planets in addition to moving around the sky in ways that the Stars didn't actually looked spherical well uh this led as telescopes got better too the uh endless fascination with Mars uh Mars is every everyone's favorite inhabited planet uh there are martians everywhere and books movies radio plays the one place there may not be any martians could be Mars but nonetheless we haven't given up on that yet uh it's it's the only world that allowed its surface to be seen with a relatively small telescope you could actually see the ground on Mars right if you look at Venus you're just looking at at the weather if you're looking at Jupiter or Saturn or Uranus or Neptune you're looking at the weather if you're looking at Mercury maybe you see something but probably you don't not with a small telescope so Mars was exceptional and uh it also bore several similarities to Earth and it wasn't just the fact that you could see something it had a 23 degree axial tilt so it had Seasons the the Mars year of course is twice as long as our year here so the seasons were a little bit slower and coming but on the other hand it had you know spring summer winter fall all that it had it had those things it also had a 24-hour day it's just coincidence but it did and it also changed it's Albedo its reflectivity changed over the course of the marching year right you know things would get darker then they get lighter and they get darker and they get lighter and an interpretation of this for a long time was simply that what you were looking at was the vegetation on Mars and you know as the seasons change so did the vegetation so everybody expected there were going to be martians um and these were actually at the end of the 19th century the beginning of the 20th these expectations were supported largely by the work of Percival Lowell now I don't know how many of you were ever Facebook friends with Percy Lowell but Lowell was a smart guy I you know his brother was president of Harvard and Lowell Percival Lowell himself uh was said to be the smartest student that Harvard ever had now mind you it was only Harvard so maybe that doesn't count for much but still uh Percival law was you know the guy to to reckon with and he had an eight inch refractor they looked at Mars and he saw the famous canals now these canals kind of you know crisscross the surface of Mars and he he wrote several books about Mars uh you can you can find them even original editions you can find them on eBay but uh he had an explanation for the canals which was kind of nifty he said look Mars is a dying drying Planet it's you know uh the Water the surface water was evaporating on Mars and so the Martians had to build these canals not only for Commerce but simply to bring water from the polar caps down to the you know the the suburbs of their cities so people could bathe now as I say this was a popular idea and Percival Lowell went to his grave in 1916 I believe he died and he still believed all this but by then there weren't too many astronomers who did believe it but he did okay one thing you can do yourselves is work out well how big would those canals have had to be in order for you know Percy to see them with this eight inch telescope and it turns out that you know even with the best of seeing they would had to be 30 or 40 miles wide these canals those are big canals maybe there was a lot of barge traffic on Mars it's a it's a little bit you know hard to believe you have a 30 mile wide Canal I mean and and I often wonder why you didn't look for railroads but on the other hand I mean you know canals are great but they're slow and but railroads actually are even harder to see than canals so um now one thing that's worth mentioning is that other astronomers were persuaded by Lowell to look for the canals themselves right I mean there was a lot of publicity attending this idea and they could not find the canals and Percy would say well you know the problem is that their telescopes are not in Arizona right and he wasn't referring to the Tex-Mex Cuisine particularly but simply that the scene in Arizona was better than wherever these other people were so uh that that was the deal there um and actually this was so controversial even in its day that some students set up a an analog to Mars they took a a beach ball or whatever they took a sphere right and then they drew some canals on it that the equivalent of magic marker whatever and they put this fear you know down the road of peace at a distance so that Percival low looking at that sphere would see the same angular size as he would have seen Mars through his eight-inch telescope and they simply asked him to map the canals of that that ball over there right and he did he did the only difficulty was that you know what he drew had no resemblance to what was actually on the ball so you know he he kind of dismissed that as I I forget what excuse he used to explain that but in any case um all right what actually caused Percival Lowell to see the canals of Mars except for the fact that he saw a new book contract in it I don't think that was really it it's not clear why he saw them many people have suggested was an artifact of human vision and this that and the other and in fact uh the experiment was done in some schools in the UK years ago where they would take uh drawings that they'd made of a circle so that's a planet and they just put blobs dark blobs randomly across the circle and they asked these students the high school students you know map what you see from the back of the class and they mapped Mars and what they found was that up close if they were a student in the first couple of rows you know they would sort of get a fairly accurate picture of what the the teacher had put in the front of the class but if they were farther back they began to connect the dots in the literal sense that they would connect the blobs with straight lines so it seems that you know making canals is something that has more to do with your brain and your eyes than it does with the Water Works on the red planet um okay by the way this is a very durable idea you know when Mariner 4 plopped down onto the rusty Dusty surface of Mars for the first time the photos were shown by the JPL folks to the president Lyndon Johnson of the time and Lyndon Johnson apparently said to the NASA guys so where are the canals and that's simply a tribute to American Science Education okay uh so we get into the space age and uh of course Mariner 4 was the beginning of that when it comes to reconnaissance of Mars uh Johnson may have been disappointed but there were you know there were other people were rather excited to see that Mars looked you know kind of like the moon in in many respects because it had all these craters I don't remember ever reading anything about the possibility of craters on the moon until they were seen with Martin or four although we should have we should have uh expected it um and so you know by the time of the space missions that actually were going to land on Mars no one really expected too much I mean they knew that the moon was dead up until then the moon had been alive when I was a kid there was a popular comic strip Dick Tracy and he was always talking to people who lived on the moon but then again the guy who drew that comic strip had other problems so but but Mars Mars was still going going to show something interesting uh some sort of life and yet if you look at those first photos made by the Viking Landers right they plopped down onto the surface of Mars somebody pushes a button somewhere in Pasadena and the shutter opens on the cameras and what is it going to show well you know some people figured it was going to show little green guy looking at the camera at the other end and maybe waving to the earthlings but what you actually saw was a landscape that looked like you know Arizona it was it was a little disappointing and there wasn't even any vegetation everybody even Carl Sagan expected there would be some plants or maybe some fungi or something like that but there was nothing it was a parched frigid desert and even more significantly nothing changed right you could what is the joke you know if you're not the lead dog nothing of you never changes well in fact nothing was changing on Mars right it was the same you can make the photos day after day after day and they always look the same and that suggested that Mars wasn't a terribly interesting place um Norm Horowitz who's one of the NASA guys connected with this whole program it was reacting to the disappointment of many people when he made this famous quote about these images saying that well it could be that there is life on Mars that looks like rocks on the other hand what looked like rocks in these photos could be rocks okay well all right at this point of course said he had come on the scene and that began in 1960 so uh interest in life in space kind of shifted away from Mars which wasn't showing too much to be optimistic about towards seti um and when we did a lot of of that actually in the early days we you know I and a couple of dozen other astronomers radio astronomers who had access to radio telescopes when we had a a period of time when there weren't too many objects that we were interested in in the sky you know people would look up the positions According to some nearby sun-like stars and point the antennas in those directions open to eavesdrop on some signal from the aliens that would have been great had it happened but it didn't happen so that's sort of the end of the uh Prelude to what we do now we the big difference occurred in the 1970s when a medical doctor from the UK John Billingham who was working across the street here at NASA Ames Research Center went to a lecture in which people were talking about the possibility of finding E.T doing so by eavesdropping on radio broadcasts and he started something called the NASA seti program and the descendant of that are the seti programs including the one here at the city Institute that we that we do today so I think that that's you know more than you ever really wanted to know about this tedious history of how we've been looking for life in space I just don't expect too much from Mars except those rocks that look like rocks oh that was fantastic uh and I I'm I'm looking forward to part two and three of this history well you shouldn't be but okay but anyhow um uh I we talked a little bit in chat with the audience here about seeing that effect that web effect or the lines that you might see on Mars before and I too have seen those okay but I'm I'm completely convinced it's my mind you know as I might look up the clouds and see you know an old guy smoking a pipe or something or you know bunny rabbit or something like that in the clouds you know we're constantly wanting to make shapes out of things you know whether Shadows or anything that's kind of uh fuzzy and uh not very defined but we I think there's an attempt to always make it more defined uh and I'm not the only guy that's seen this now obviously of course personal law did but um uh Mike Wiesner talks about it as well and but look look Scott your brain is hardwired to do that right because you know you're in the jungle well I don't know how much time you spend in the jungle but if you're in the jungle and you you see something moving through the trees and you figure oh my God you know there could be a lion right most of the time you're going to be wrong and so oh no it was just a trick of my brain but on the other hand if it is a line and you fail to recognize it the penalty is greater so so Nature has selected for you to be uh due to be you know susceptible I'm sorry to uh filling in the blanks in your visual field right and it's a survival thing it well I think it is yeah yeah absolutely well thanks for honoring us with the talk today uh Seth and um uh hopefully you get some rest uh between trips here so I I did want to mention um you know of course uh Seth is the senior astronomer at seti he's very actively involved in uh this search for uh extraterrestrial intelligence he's also part of a program called Big Picture science he's the host of that show so you can go to Big Picture science.com or dot org maybe or science.org and uh uh he puts together a weekly program so thanks a lot and um uh we will see you next time Steph take care okay yeah thanks bye-bye okay so uh up next um is uh Ron uh breacher Ron and I met for the first time at this year's Northeast astronomy forum and uh I quickly learned that he's an extremely talented astrophotographer uh is a master of uh image processing programs like pixinsight he teaches uh astrophotography so if you're so inclined to you know if you need a master photographer so that you too can produce images that will stun the world um uh you know Ron is is certainly one of the go-to guys for this uh it's his first time on global Star Party um we talked a little bit backstage and uh uh he he was Thanking us for having him come on after so many uh pretty famous people and astronomy um but he's one of the guys too and I think you're going to find out uh that Ron is very friendly and um uh you know a guy but also someone that is just extremely talented and so thanks for coming in to share your work with us hey there Scott thank you very much for having me I'm blushing listening to that introduction thank you it's all yours today um I want to unfold the cosmos in a slightly different way instead of just unfolding in space I want to think about unfolding the cosmos in time as well so let me share my screen with you um give me a second here and you should be able to see my slides now and so the title of my talk is telescopes time machines and Treasures of the night and I'm going to talk about all three of those uh since this is my first time on the show uh Scott asked me to throw in a bio slide this is me in a very happy Moment In The Observatory sipping on a black currant cider I've been Imaging since 2006 but I've always been interested in the sky ever since I was a young boy I spent my Summers up in Algonquin Park where the sky was just full of jewels all the time I love to teach and I love to write so I've become a contributing editor at Sky and Telescope I'm an associate editor for amateur astronomy and I do a lot of teaching both one-on-one and through the website masters of pixinsight.com and I'm a pixinsight Ambassador which I guess they recognized me for the way I teach pics Insight if you want to get hold of me my my email address is on the slide and the slides on the video so there you have it today I want to uh I'm going to start with an analogy of a car so we're gonna have to put our seat belts on and uh try to convince you that telescopes are time machines then we're going to go and unfold the cosmos from near to far and if there's a few minutes left and people have questions in the chat box I'll try to answer them so let's start out by thinking about traveling in a car at 100 kilometers per hour I'm north of the U.S border up in Canada where we're on the metric system like most of our friends in Europe a hundred kilometers an hour is about 60 miles an hour and suppose you never stop for any reason that's just like a mail driver just like a dad I would never want to stop on those long drives how long would it take you to go around the earth or to the moon or to the sun well it takes a long time if you were just going at 100 kilometers an hour it would take you 16 and a half days just to go around the earth and about six months to get to the moon if you decided you wanted to go the 93 million miles 150 million kilometers to the sun it would take you about 170 years but now let's travel in a light car instead so now suppose we're driving at the speed of light you never stop for any reason now would only take you a little more than a tenth of a second to get around the earth one and a quarter seconds to get to the moon and if you wanted to get from here to the Sun it would take you about eight minutes and 20 seconds now the really important thing not only is not only that light travels incredibly quickly but that these times aren't zero light doesn't travel infinitely quickly it takes time for light to travel so the light from things that are far away takes time to get to us to get to our eye and and at the kinds of distances that we're talking about in the cosmos it would take more than four years just to get to the closest star Proxima Centauri and if you wanted to go to galaxies the closest galaxies I mean our satellite galaxies to the Milky Way are hundreds of thousands uh of light years and uh galaxies like Andromeda millions of light years and Galaxy clusters that are billions of light years away so we see things as they were not as they are and the further away an object is the further back in time we're looking when we when we image it or when we look through an eyepiece so that's why I said telescopes are time machines they allow us to look into the distant past and they reveal objects to us that the eye alone cannot see and that's not just fainter objects but further objects as well so in that way telescopes are time machines and I also want to give out a shout out to my wife Gail here it's not just the telescope that's the time machine the telescope is just helping you to gather harvest the photons the real time machine is in your head it's in your eye and your brain and how your mind puts all of that information together that's where the time machines so here's a few of my time machines that I've owned over the years and I'm showing this because if you're a beginner I don't want you to think you have to spend a ton of money to get started in astronomy the six inch reflector at the lower left of this slide is probably my most used telescope it takes two minutes to set up I've never had to adjust or clean the mirrors and I've had it over 25 years you can buy one for a few hundred dollars and that will include everything you need to get started so what can we see with our time machines so here I want to go near to far and we're going to start at the Earth and nearby move out to the solar system where we can look at the sun moon and planets then we're going to look at some objects inside our galaxy and then go out beyond the Milky Way to galaxies and star clusters as we unfold the cosmos so let's start with Eartha nearby this is one of the first astrophotos I ever took and it was February 20th to 2008 it was about minus 25 C outside and I was using a digital SLR a digital Rebel 350 one of the very first and it was on a nice tracking Mount and right after I got the picture on the right everything froze up and I never got another frame so timing is everything I took the picture and left just before the eclipse began and the picture right at Mid eclipse and then everything froze up crepuscular Rays happen when the sun is below the Horizon and poking through the clouds and just a reminder the best equipment to use for astrophotography is the equipment you already have equipment like your cell phone or a point-and-shoot camera these are just beautiful effects that happen once in a while this is my Aurora angel from March 2003. we had a huge Outburst at the end of March of that year and this was directly overhead it was um also one of the first photos I took I didn't even know about camera raw and fit files this was just a JPEG a four second picture with the camera held straight up over my head solar system so the solar system is fantastic through any visual instrument whether you're looking at the moon or the planets here I've got uh Jupiter and Venus Jupiter is to the upper left of Venus in the sunset shot it's right under my mouse cursor I hope you can see it here maybe I can make the cursor go there it is and Venus to the lower right and my friend Daryl Archer got this picture of Jupiter here on the right fantastic and Saturn the thing that totally got me hooked on astronomy was my first look at Saturn once you've seen Saturn There's No Going Back and Mars at lower right I actually got a picture of Mars this one is by my friend Daryl Archer but I got a picture of Mars Mars with the Polaroid camera held up to the eyepiece and you know it's not bad this is a photo that I took of a solar eclipse in 2014. this used a hydrogen Alpha telescope and a color video camera and I shot for about two minutes took the best frames and combined them and we're still in the solar system of course and with with David Levy kicking off the show today I would be remiss if I didn't have a slide above comments so here's a few of the comments that I've shot comment 7p Palms Comet C 20 22 E3 ztf up at upper right Z for those of you South of the Border and on the far left Comet C 20 22 oh I've got the wrong label on that that's common kind of linear I have to make a change to that level uh label okay so now we're going to leave the solar system these comments come from the furthest reaches of the solar system so we're going to leave our solar system but stay within the Milky Way galaxy and I want to show you just a few of my my favorite objects and and I should say everything I'm going to show you here almost everything I'm going to show you here you can see with the naked eye with binoculars or with a very very modest telescope most of these can be seen well with the naked eye and certainly this is an example of a great naked eye or binocular object the double cluster in Perseus um these this is an example of an open cluster actually a pair of them these stars were all born around the same time out of the same cloud of gas and there's a few hundred of them here here remember that's a few hundred because we're going to talk about a different kind of cluster in a minute that uh that has way more stars so a few hundred in each of these clusters a lot of hot blue stars that live fast and die young and open clusters don't tend to last that long over time they move apart here's probably the most famous open cluster this is the Pleiades the seven sisters in Japan they call this Subaru in Costa Rica they call this the siete Cabritos the seven little goats and um it's another example of an open cluster but it's surrounded by all this faint gas and dust that you can see as light brown particularly in the lower right of this image this is fantastic with the naked eye it's beautiful in binoculars and it's Exquisite in a small telescope whatever optic you have you can use it on M45 now I said I was going to show you a different kind of cluster here's an example of a globular cluster this cluster is associated with the Milky Way it's within the Milky Way's Halo most Galaxies have globular clusters and the Milky Way has about 150 of them each of these globular clusters contains tens of thousands to millions of stars not quite as not quite big enough to be a small Galaxy and they don't really look anything like galaxies they look through the eyepiece great examples of these clusters looks like sugar spilled on a black tablecloth they have a beautiful granularity to them and again you don't need a big telescope to get a beautiful view of a globular cluster okay let's uh let's come back inside the body of the Galaxy to look at some nebulas now this is an interesting image it contains the bubble nebula down here and all the red here is mostly coming from glowing hydrogen not gas there's a very bright star at the center just to the right of center of the bubble nebula I'm making uh I hope you can see it flashing here that star is emitting a large amount of energy that's causing the surrounding hydrogen gas to Glow what happens is the electrons get excited and as they release their energy the energy is released in the form of visible mostly red light and that's what you're seeing here but there's not just bright nebulas here if you look down here bottom center there's a dark nebula here where there's obscuring dust blocking out the light behind it and of course in the upper right we have another example of a beautiful open cluster of a few hundred Stars uh we may have lost Ron here we're going to hang in there for a moment and see if he comes back still sharing a screen so yeah it's an amazing view it is an amazing view yeah come back and enjoy this for a second you know here let me text him he's still alive so yeah he might not know that he's dropped out you know it is the first time that Ron come here so oh okay if you have a connection issues is usually to be when you are first here I have it I think Molly have it everybody has it so hi there we have them back oh so you made it back all right that I'm gonna chalk up to a gamma ray burst or something like that so a solar player with the satellite story about that game yeah would you like to finish up here yeah yeah I will okay okay let me uh get back to that slide and give me one second here too sure just get the the zoom thing going properly I I don't know what happened I think it was my internet must have cut out must have been yeah that happens it happened to me before too all right so I was just saying one of the things I like about the horse head is that it has every bit of nebulae in it it has the the red emission nebula it's got dark nebby 's head itself is a dark nebula right oopsie right this is a finger of of soot that's projecting up and blocking the light behind it we have reflection nebula this blue eyes below Center and we have the flame nebula at left which is a combination of several different kinds of nebula so this is just a a really cool picture and of course within our galaxy and I can't wait to hear about the latest one of these because uh this is a Sunova Remnant and uh we're gonna hear in the next talk about a new Supernova that might leave a Remnant kind of like this this is the veil nebula and the red comes from hydrogen the teal color comes from oxygen again oxygen atoms got getting excited and releasing their light as green and blue wavelengths and here's another way that that Supernova might look down the line This Is The Crab Nebula another type of supernova remnant and now we're going beyond the Milky Way now one of the things I love about this shot of the Andromeda galaxy is it really unfolds the universe think about this the bottom of the Andromeda galaxy in this image the part closest to the lower right there's about a hundred thousand light years closer to us than the furthest part of this galaxy at the upper left so not only are we looking back in time but we're looking back at every period of time for that hundred thousand years and all of the time in between us and it wow mind blown and here's going to be the subject of the next talk so I'm not going to say too much about it except that it's a beautiful galaxy well placed for Imaging right now here's an another galaxy Centaurus in the southern hemisphere that has these really cool radio Jets coming out of it at the upper left and a great dark Lane in the middle and you know galaxies don't just come one at a time usually they come in bunches like Easter eggs in the spring and uh it's not just the galaxies that you can see that are in this Bunch here's an annotated version of the same image that shows some of the hundreds of galaxies that are tiny fuzzy spots in this picture and for my last picture I'm going hundreds of millions of light years away to show you the Perseus a Galaxy cluster again you can image this with modest equipment can't see these galaxies through the eyepiece unless you have a huge instrument but you can look at this spot and you'll know that they're there you want that let those photons hit your eye anyway with that I if anybody has questions I'm happy to answer them but I know time is short and I'm looking forward to the presentation on 101. yes well thank you Ron that's fantastic uh yeah certainly a lot of great comments from our our um audience uh they're pretty happy that you're here so um and uh we are too so thank you very much for being on our program and we hope to have you again you're welcome anytime so thank you very much thank you okay all right so uh up next is uh Molly wakelain um Molly uh uh promised to give another astronomally uh program and she is focused on M101 and this amazing type 2 Supernova and so um Molly thanks for coming on to Global star party and it's all yours yeah thanks and happy to be back I think it's been uh two months since the last time I was on and I try to make it on once a month so yeah I've been very very busy with school of course um yeah so I like to try and think of topic of like targets for this uh see this segment that has something to do with the theme of the show but with the Supernova nm101 being the big news right now of course I have to talk about it and it didn't look like anybody else was going to cover it so I'm like I'll do it so and I and I I've got I got a picture of it on um Sunday night us I'll be showing that as well um but yeah let me go ahead and get rolling here okay I'm a little jealous for that I I can't even see it through the Horizon gear yeah that's a good point yeah I guess I guess y'all are missing out on this one in the southern hemisphere um but uh yeah it's it's pretty spectacular and I got to I got to see it visually as well on Sunday night through a 16 inch dub and yeah it's it's very apparent it's very bright it's awesome it's I see it saw Supernova with my eyeballs it's very exciting uh yeah so it has been this it has been designated 2023 ixf in whatever the probably International astronomical unions designation scheme is for these which I didn't go look up as part of this talk um but uh yeah 2023 ixf the very exciting name for this um it's not fair sorry I had the laser pointer mode on looks like well let me click to the next slide with it on okay um so it's uh it's in Galaxy Messier 101 and it was discovered just on Friday uh Friday on May 19th by a Japanese amateur astronomer uh koichi itagati itagaki in Yamagata Japan and it looks like from the location of Observatory he's actually in like downtown uh uh tepocho um which is like Bortles eight or something like that okay cat I need you to not put your tail in front of my camera screen thank you right yeah he hears me talk on zoom and he's like I have to go I have to go put my butt on display [Laughter] so he was using a 14 inch telescope uh with the calf 1001e chip which is pretty sensitive chip but it's it was a 14.9 magnitude at Discovery which is not especially dim uh any one of us I think with uh uh uh probably uh eight inch a larger telescope could have picked it up in subframes I think uh if we if we actually go back and look through our data and I've been thinking planning on writing some kind of uh change detection algorithm to compare my galaxy images because I I almost discovered a supernova like my in my second year of doing astrophotography is uh it came out about three days after I imaged it and I went and looked and there it was I just hadn't compared the images to a month before so I want to start doing some of that too uh it's been it's estimated that it is a type 2 Supernova I think based on its its light curve and its Spectra so far um which is a core collapse Supernova I'm going to talk about what that is and why they're so freaking cool um but first of all if you would like to go find it for yourself Messier 101 is uh not too difficult to go hunt down it's off of the uh end of the tale of the Big Dipper and where M51 is is below that tail M101 is above uh so uh the uh well the tail of the bear the handle of the Big Dipper uh Bears apparently have tails in ancient Greece I don't know uh yeah so that's where it's located in the sky pretty far north and my fast facts slide here I was uh magnitude 11 as of last night that's the latest observations that I've seen uh and I think it was about magnitude I estimate about 12 to 12.5 um on the knife that I imaged it so it continues to brighten it's 21 million light years away which means that this Supernova actually occurred 21 million years ago inside of SCA 101 and it's taken that light 21 million years to reach us so this Supernova is long over but we're just now finally getting to see it ourselves and from the outer arm of M101 as uh you can see in the in the picture here that's the discovery image um it's uh there was another Supernova and M101 in 2011. and uh so not too long ago actually and it's actually it's the closest Supernova to us in the last decade so more or less since this last M101 one I believe it was actually another Supernova happening right now as well in the uh butterfly galaxies formerly known as the Siamese twins galaxies uh NGC oh gosh what was it 50 40 45 67 and 8 I think um and that one's like my friends were telling me it's like magnitude 15 or so so a bit darker a bit dimmer but uh yeah that's another Supernova to go check out as well uh so let's talk about what type 2 Supernova are so um stars that are of eight to fifty solar masses so solar masses being a unit of measure that's the mass of our sun uh we say that because putting Stellar masses in terms of kilograms would just be enormous numbers that are difficult to work with so we just say 8 to 50 solar masses uh it starts with that mask can undergo this type of explosion and basically what happens is uh so the star is going about its its life burning fusing hydrogen into helium and eventually starts to run out of the hydrogen so what's happening inside the star is the outward pressure of the energy produced from the fusion process is counteracting the inward pull of gravity and the two are in a balance and when it starts to run out of hydrogen to burn it takes more energy to burn helium so it can't quite do that and there's not enough energy coming out of the core to counteract gravity so the star begins to shrink and as it shrinks it heats up kind of like when you compress a gas it's exactly like when you compress a gas and um that makes it hot enough to be able to start fusing helium so Fusion begins again except helium this time and the star is back in in balance and it can continue to not fall inward from the force of gravity well Venture runs out of helium and then it has to start burning carbon instead where there's another shrinking shrinking period of time it gets hotter again then it can start burning carbon and this happens with a couple other elements up the periodic table with neon and oxygen and silicon and then uh finally you get up to it trying to fuse iron and irons at the top of this curve where you don't get energy out of it when you fuse it and it actually requires some energy to for that Fusion to happen so the star is no longer able to produce energy to resist the pull of gravity and then what happens next happens very quickly where um the uh the core starts starts to compress and it compresses until it reaches what's known as the Chandra shekar limit which is about 1.4 solar I said solar mass I think I'm at solar radii there um hi in my notes there um and this is the the size at which the electron degeneracy pressure which is what's counteracting the gravity here can no longer work against the gravity and this causes a sudden implosion the the core collapse and that's kind of the start of our Supernova process there's a couple other things that happen first so uh one cool interesting fact is that the in following material moves as fast as 23 of the speed of light as that implosion is occurring which is insane the temperature skyrockets to 100 billion degrees which is 10 000 times hotter than the sun's core you might say do you mean Fahrenheit or Celsius well it's 100 billion they're all the same so 100 billion degrees and whatever you hit security use um and in in this simulation image here the blue circle edge here is the shock wave the this this circle here uh and the red parts are inward motion I'm sorry outward motion and the blue parts are inward motion and then um uh neutrons and neutrinos are during this process are released via reverse beta Decay also known as electron capture um which uh when it produces the neutrinos the neutrinos will actually carry or carry away a lot of the energy and by a lot I mean 10 to the power of 46 joules in about 10 seconds now hold on how much energy is 10 to the power of 46 joules how much energy are the neutrinos which rarely interacts carrying away from this sudden implosion well uh when I was coming up with a talk on cellular nuclear on on nuclear synthesis several years ago for the Texas Star Party I wanted to try and find some way to make this incomprehensibly huge number which is which is 10 with 46 zeros after it putting into some kind of still incomprehensible but somewhat more comprehensible terms so I thought well a popular unit of of measuring a large amount of energy is how many Hiroshima detonations Hiroshima nuclear bombs is 10 to the 46 joules so I I know from from my physics work that uh one kiloton which is what we use the kiloton of TNT equivalents which is what we use to measure the intensity of uh nuclear detonations is about 10 to the 12 joules so that means that uh Hiroshima being uh that detonation being 15 kilotons that bombing about 15 kilotons is about 10 to the 13 joules so that means that one Supernova uh or the at least the energy carried away by the by the neutrons 10 to the 46 joules is 10 to the power of 33 hiroshimas that's still like not a great number to be dealing with so let's let's put let's see like uh what's another number that has a lot as a large exponent well how about the number of seconds in the age of the universe so how many is that so there's about 10 to the seven seconds in a year and the age of the universe is 13.8 billion years so we'll just say 10 to the 10 years and so that means that the number of seconds in the age of the universe is about 10 to the 17 seconds so what this all means at the end of the day is that one Supernova or the even just the energy of the neutrinos Caraway which is not all the energy in the supernova has 10 to the 16 or 10 quadrillion Hiroshima detonations per second for the age of the universe if you could ever comprehend such an incredible amount of energy so uh there's your your brain Exploder for the day yes and uh so one percent of those neutrinos 10 to the 44 joules is reabsorbed in the shock wave which is what actually which is what makes the Supernova explosion explode is is that 10 to the 44 joules going into the shock wave from those neutrinos which rarely interact but interact often enough and all the craziness happening in this star to dump a bunch of energy 10 of the 44 joules into the explosion all right so back to what is happening inside of our detonation here so um yeah so we we get uh all right we get neutrons and neutrinos are released in electron capture Decay uh over those 10 seconds and how that happens is Gammas that are produced from the uh suddenly very much higher temperature this hundred billion kelvins gamma rays uh go on and photodisintegrate the iron nuclei that are in the core and basically break it up into a whole bunch of helium-4 nuclei which is something we called alpha particles and in nuclear physics but uh they're helium-4 nuclei and also a bunch and also quite a few neutrons and with uh with all the energy going on in here it's actually energetically favorable for electrons to combine with protons in this process of electron capture and can and basically turns the proton into a neutron and a neutrino so that's those are the neutrinos that are escaping our system and carrying away 10 to the 46 joules or 10 quadrillion hiroshima's every second for the age of the universe and uh so and the the course continuing to implode and eventually it reaches a very very dense state where it's as dense as as an as the core of an atom as the as the atomic nucleus and it's it pauses briefly because it has reached this limit of neutron degeneracy where um you can't you can't compress it further because of the neutrons repulsion with each other effectively um and then this causes the shock wave to bounce and then bounce back out and that accelerates the seller material that was above the iron core because there's a lot of layers of of other types of elements that are above the core and um this is this is the actual material like it's blown out and all that light that we see from the explosion and we're left with an extremely dense core of basically Neutron matter which is a neutron star and it if but if the star is above it's above 20 solar masses it can actually go from there and and collapse fully into a black hole and it's speculated that above uh let me get my last picture up here above about 40 to 50 solar masses uh the star a star is thought to collapse directly into a black hole and actually skip the whole Supernova thing but we're not sure if that actually happens so that's some speculation from some models but there's a lot of uncertainty there uh so if you want to go observe this incredible Phenomenon with your own naked eye you can do so and it's at magnitude 11 as of last night uh it may still be continuing to brighten it's well within Richard pretty much on your telescope um magnitude love and stars are not hard to pick out with uh with any kind of magnification um I'm not sure about not quite sure about binoculars maybe I need to Bender some darker Skies but definitely like a three or four inch refractor can can pick it up for you uh now the Galaxy itself has relatively low surface brightness so it can be hard to pick out from the background if you are under any kind of light pollution or right now Ohio is covered in Smoke from from Wild Paris in Canada so when I was trying to observe it in the 16-inch dobsonian out at the at my astronomy club's dark sky site which is Portal 5 hello Kitty um then uh I actually couldn't really see the Galaxy but looking at at some other nearby stars and kind of triangulating with some images that uh uh on like a a show that area I was able to find with some help of another astronomer in the club uh where the Supernova was at and we were pretty sure that we were looking at it which was great um you can help yourself see the actual Galaxy by going to some darker Skies larger apertures or using some light pollution filters I have seen it uh readily in my eight inch Schmidt Castle grain before with a light pollution filter when there's not so much smoke in the air and or you can see the super another without being able to see the rest of the Galaxy but it does make it a little bit easier to find when you can see that kind of dim fuzzy core of of M101 photographically it shows up readily in images I wasn't sure how many images I was going to have to take because I thought it might have still been around magnitude 14 or 13. um but it by the time I imaged it it was probably somewhere closer to magnitude 12 and it popped right out in my in a single five minute subframe it was very obvious very easy to see and uh that was on a four inch F5 refractor under bortal five Skies you could probably do it under worse conditions with uh longer focal length Scopes and um uh shorter exposure times because it is it is quite bright uh I would use a wide band light pollution filter or luminance filter so that you get the most of the light from the Star and also try and pick up the Galaxy as well and you can stack several frames to be able to see the rest of M101 nicely to kind of put it in context with where it is in the Galaxy uh the picture here on the slide is a sketch from a user on Claudia Knights named Raul Leon and kind of showing where it's at when you can actually see M101 nicely in the eyepiece um I there's there's two Bright Stars kind of here in in this field of view that's not in his particular telescope field of view but they're roughly uh here that um that kind of uh pointed the way to uh to that uh so here is an image uh from a Gaia Martin Brecken that I found online that is showing kind of the sequence of events Night by night of it getting brighter so um the the area um I'm not sure if if this here I think this is actually this what we have here is is a nebula I don't think you can actually see the individual star here um but then uh on the Day of Discovery you can see that it's certainly something is happening because this is much bigger than it used to be and this gets brighter and brighter on the subsequent nights here's a nice image from Adam block where uh the image on the left is the current one uh from from the night of the 19th when it was discovered and uh an earlier image that he took where you can clearly see that it's not there so that's pretty cool and uh here's another image from uh that I found online cat you're blocking my screen again go over here where you can uh kind of see it appear there and then uh here's here's my image so on the left is an image I took last spring uh through the same telescope but with my monochrome camera and you can see there's nothing there and then here's the image I took with that same telescope with a color camera on on Sunday night and yeah there's a supernova I picked it up in my image and like yeah it's very cool just to have have captured it myself in the camera and then also have seen it visually with my eyes so uh yeah so that's uh the M101 Supernova you should try and observe it or image it for sure okay wonderful thank you Molly thank you so a great examples of uh comparison photos and I loved watching the um the growth or the brightness brightening part of the Supernova that that's something um that I think has not been captured very often um there was a gentleman that uh I remember back in the it's either in the 70s or 80s um his name will come to me in a moment but uh his claim to fame uh was shooting a movie uh aimed at um uh the sky and he actually captured the moment that his Supernova exploded and um yeah so um um I'll have to see if I can find that dig that out um but uh really really a stunning moment so uh Scott I think the first man that could capture it was from Argentina from Rosario uh he's a key master because he works in his store a selling keys to the doors and he's in a material photographer he has a 12 inches in his rooftop and he captured at the first time in a single night the sequence where a supernova comes there's a documentary worry that of a Discovery Channel I remember that astronomer from USA they name his name is um his last name I remember okay uh his friend of Cesar um well you've talked about him before on their program so that's right that's right yeah and amateurs discovered supernovae and variable stars and comets all the time and you know because we have thousands of telescopes across the world that are observing every night and we can point them wherever we want and and we've got a lot of eyes a lot more eyes on the skies than the professional astronomers do and so it pays to go sorry about cats it pays to go and go and do some comparisons on your data because you you just might catch the next Supernova and magnitude 14 okay he's laying on my mouse now uh magnitude 14 15 is is definitely within reach of of um of astrophotos for sure oh that's the magnitude I typically reach with my scientific Imaging rig with only one minute exposures um stacking just a couple of those so um yeah definitely keep your eyes out because you might discover the next one that's right that's right okay guys so uh at this point Molly thank you so much um we're going to take a um a dozen minutes here I've got a little another segment of NASA's uh uh visualization uh scientific visualization Studio they put together something like four or five different um videos with uh with an original symphonic score and uh so this one has to do with uh with the planets and so we're gonna we're gonna give that a watch but in the meantime you can go grab um sandwich or uh take a break stretch your legs and we'll come back with more Global Star Party [Applause] [Music] thank you foreign [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Music] foreign [Music] foreign [Music] [Music] [Applause] [Music] foreign [Music] [Applause] [Music] foreign [Music] [Music] [Music] [Music] thank you [Music] foreign [Music] foreign [Music] thank you [Music] [Music] thank you [Music] foreign [Music] all right [Music] [Music] foreign [Music] [Music] foreign [Music] [Music] thank you [Music] [Applause] [Music] foreign [Music] [Music] foreign [Music] [Music] [Music] foreign [Music] foreign [Music] [Music] well I hope you enjoyed that I did some of you asked where that link was for that video I have put the link in the chat so you can chat on it there's I think five different videos by that composer so enjoy and share those with your astronomy clubs I think you'll find it uh you know a great presentation piece also you know just something nice to listen to uh as I think it was Norm Hughes with headphones on so anyhow um our next speaker is Maxi filaries Maxie is often on um on global Star Party he is uh he Tunes in from the southern hemisphere in Argentina he's an amazing astrophotographer he started with very very humble equipment making uh you know really mind-blowing images uh the first time that we had him on global Star Party he was showing us images that he had made with a cell phone camera where he'd taken the lens out and just had the sensor exposed and uh so there it is so if you want somebody to modify your cell phone maybe you can send it to Maxie in Argentina and for a small fee he'll make one for you so anyhow Maxi thanks very much for coming on to Global star party I I know it's getting late for you thanks thanks for coming on hello Scott and everyone hello Molly and thank you for inviting inviting um well tonight what I'm going to talk about is what I'll be doing last a weekend and days before that that in the last GSP that we were I was taking pictures of the or tried to capture the lobster nebula that is in the tale of Scorpio uh using an lxtreme filter of 1.25 inches a very small filter but anyway with my sensor of my the camera I don't have any trouble for I have a vinating so anyway let me share my screen okay do you see it yeah great well um for example that I was a let me go to pigs inside oh sorry uh go to the lights of that I took this is the a single picture of the place using this filter okay this is only a three minutes sub uh again a 100 I think 101 but also I took pictures of the same object only to to try to how it how we see it without the filter before that to put it on the camera so this is the the difference you know if I I didn't use the filter let me put it this is 60 percent and this is this the same Huawei there's a huge difference oh yeah so I had a little rotating of the field of view to put out there that's okay so well I leave the the equipment I I think was a yeah almost midnight and taking pictures to almost a six and a half a.m almost before down in the sunrise so well I stuck these pictures tried to to see what I get and this is the the full stack image of the lxt stream you know this is a auto trading image because it's all black but when I stretch it you can see all the details that looks great thank you uh well I I'm still working out to how to process this kind of images because in this case I am working with the LST stream filter so the colors are not the same and even the stars are not the same that if I took pictures of without that filter so anyway I started to process this image I my my first a work was this you know it gets me a lot of red and a lot of friends told me you know this this this is a huge of rev all another one says man this is amazing I love this huge red this bright in red but it was my my first uh try to well my first time to try to to process this picture and also try to process this um object because I tried it last year and for the light pollution I it was really awful I have different colors but for the light pollution so with this filter helped me to process this like it was a clean night you know but it was in my backyard in Berkeley six by or seven almost and then I reprocess the same object changing patterns of the the the the way that I process and in this case you can see it it's more like kind of orange not too much red but I I get really shiny stars so I say no Maxi let's go back and try again so I tried with the the script they call a Forex that a friend a real capelliti told me about so I was practicing with this and I really loved how how goes with this kind of process it's more like a fire you know in the sky in the deep space in our galaxy and also the colors of the Stars I really liked it uh what does that script do well basically what it does is when you you know I'm working with the RGB um a color camera so I have to build the H Alpha and the O3 by separate using this filter so uh basically let me show you in a couple minutes it is a process very very quickly for example I have this starless this is a without stretching okay but this program what it does it works better if you stretch the image but before that this is you can see it's a color shot so I have this um and pixel math process that I could get because if I uh a formula to generate the all three base in taking from this RGB a picture and maybe Molly if I if you want to I I can send you the the the video that I took this to if you want to work out um that could be fun when I sorry I I have to before that I have to separate the RGB you can see a channel in in Spanish or blue when I do this I have the three channels by separated okay you can see the red but in the blue that's almost nothing compressed with this and also we have a lot of a sorry um noise noise so thanks well anyway I put this pixel math a formula to this to generate the all three okay so without it with this formula when I turn this I have the all three data because in the blue is very different you can see it's less noisy of course but it's okay so to generate the H Alpha of course it will get from the red Channel almost so when I do it this generates me the H Alpha so then what I'm going to do I close I will close this and I I will out um using a mask stretch because I I really like to how it works in this case but I the the last okay sorry the last of this I added the the stars because in this script you can work with the Stars or without the stars in this case I I saved the five without the Stars so I will out a mask stretching this object is very quickly and you can see it's almost fine without too much it doesn't look like very noisy and also the O3 I'm ready I got some I've gotten some nice results with with mask stretch and I've kind of forgotten about it after using generalized hyperbolic stretch for a while that I was reprocessing some images and saw that I had used mask stretch and I was like oh yeah and yeah it does sometimes work better but you know I actually didn't I didn't like the general hyper uh I don't know how to the geh stretch I didn't like it even it takes some practice for sure I I think so but in the galaxies it doesn't work with me I'm in position um well then I go to the script well I downloaded and it goes Forex palette utility this is all the process and I will choose the the option to have two channels in this case the H Alpha and the O3 I have I haven't the S2 because you don't have that kind of info so let's put it on the H Alpha and the L3 if I don't check this uh it will I I had to add the Stars to work with that so I will execute it this is a really a really good tool and then we have the the the image so in this case is in not lineal info so you have to start to well you can go with curves you know put it more a contrast increase the the saturation and all of that and I think that's a in this case because I don't have the Stars it it process different but anyway I let me yeah and of course where can you get this this script um I have the um sorry uh should be under uh updates under resources resources now I have the bar of the zoom meeting management repositories here's https is palette utility.com FPU okay yeah okay so well and when you watch this again you you can say and then you process of course if you have the blur exterminator or the noise exterminator and everything and you can add the Stars you know I really like to work the blur exterminator without the stars and then put it again because I really love how it looks like it it looks like very smooth Stars not like pointed shiny stars so uh well I think this is going to for tonight and also when I did the last Saturday afternoon it was trying to capture our sun because it has a lot of activity and you can see I I could almost have five images and then stack it because some clouds came by and then the the trees start to to put it in front of but anyway we can start to see a lot of a sunspots that's really pretty much cool and of course you will need a protection like a solar filter a to see this now you you can watch it through a telescope without this filter so well I think this is going to be all for tonight and thank you for inviting me again thank you thank you Maxi uh it's really a pleasure it's great to watch the um uh the process of you know getting out the I'm kind of newbie in this play you know you're you're processing it removing the Stars putting them back in later I think is a great process because sometimes um you know with so much processing the Stars kind of take a beating you know and so um yeah I would agree with you uh now when something that you know Molly and uh often asks about what script is being used uh for a particular process how easy is it I mean uh I don't use picks inside for example um is it something that you can get this script shared to you by another astrophotographer and you just plug it in and it just works yeah Depends off the version of the your picks inside you have and also it is a free a script or maybe not for example the Builder exterminator doesn't but this is script is free you put it on your resources link and then go up the date and it gets installed but also you can work if you want to but depends on how you work uh how every astrophotographer I think has their own work you can copy from what some people do or some nuts but you do your own style kind of that trying to make a the same pictures or similar but when your signature for example exactly yeah well it's your trademark the work you're doing yeah so thank you thank you beautiful work very nice thank you John all right and that's the yeah that's the voice of uh John uh Schwartz in the background uh uh you know an amazing Astro artist and um uh John is uh uh looks like he's got a stormy looking Milky Way behind him and uh so John had a little a little hazy here lately for some reason uh the fog uh you know every morning it rolls in and actually at night right after dark so we've been kiboshed but the the views of Venus and the moon are exceptional right now so if you get a chance get out and look at that bright star Due West that's Venus and it's amazing right now people are seeing clouds with the Violet filter and you know it's a very good time to see stuff on there and of course the moon one of my favorites oh sure sure well we'll let you get started here John okay I'm gonna do the 121st Global Star Party I think I'm on my way the only problem with the zoom you have to highlight everyone so tell me how's uh the sun's been looking amazing too there's a lot of stuff going on right now and perhaps we'll have Northern Lights Down in our neck of the woods is that possible I have not seen them down here in Arkansas but we often have Cloudy Skies that one night like a month ago uh they were spotted as far south as Arizona so it's possible yeah that's pretty far south I need like kPa I think to to have any chance of them that far south but we're getting solar Max is in silver until 2025 so we got we still have some solar activity left to climb to so it could happen yeah I mean I really want to see that Eclipse uh hopefully I can get to it in time that's a once in a lifetime experience okay well I'll start with this you know the sun in the universe is amazing and the way the clouds reflect the light and so when I'm out walking my dog I always have my cell phone and I take pictures of the beautiful things that I see when I look up very nice picture the sunsets are very beautiful here oh yeah I call that the Cherry Bomb sunset hmm kind of a unique pairing with the tree branch connected of course the moon this is a actual painting of the Moon A Sketch a cloudy Moon because here in Southern California it's been extremely rainy and cloudy and we've had the atmospheric River so it's a really nice to get some clearing again in the clouds you know everything's foggy lately for some reason my mind I'm in a drift but if you look uh you know this is a very symbolic painting uh with the tree you know capturing you and holding you from seeing a Clear Vision of your path and everything's just foggy you know they're but you just keep trucking and keep looking up and guess what you'll find your way another version these are just quick sketches uh you know I'll do these and then I can remaster them later that's really how I do the bulk of my work is in the field you can get only so much detail because the time it takes to do so but if you have a general shape and and um kind of like a template you just create your own template and then you fill it in later you know and you can add views and it's an accumulative view over time this was uh looking out one night towards uh the west where there's McCoy mountain with a cross over Simi Valley and all the lights and the people in the foreground and then you go to the moon and the clouds and then the Stars just a beautiful view one night that was a colored pencil sketch on paper this is my latest work um just a simple geometric you know shape with the little curvy something on the left that's a actual tree and then the moon the color of the moon was incredible the interplay between warm and cool colors what's uh really hard to capture it took took some time you wouldn't think there's much to this but love the moon oh yeah here's another one this is looking through the trees you know once I got out of the fog I got into the trees now I gotta Break Free and there I am I made it I'm up at uh that's choo choo paint you know choo choo payday the mountain the Lower Mountain parking lot oh okay this is now we're getting ready to do some work uh with the 28 visual this night that's Messier A and B so you can imagine the resolution you're getting and again it was done more later than in the beginning you know it was basically laid out and then I worked on it from there wow this is a cool view uh whenever we're at Mount Pinal so it's usually in the summer because it's warmer and you know certain objects are up especially the springtime galaxies than if you stay up all night you really get a treat through all the summer highlights and showpiece items but we're always waiting for NGC 891. you know it's a very elusive low surface brightness Galaxy but in the big telescope you start to see some some detail really cool and we're always just sitting there waiting there's kind of a lull in the action everybody's having coffee or or maybe you know eating something but this was the view looking at the Mountain West where it was going to rise and then I uh just kind of made it a little bigger like I see it in the 28th kind of I guess you would call this space art yeah it's really pretty yeah this is just a anatomy of the cat's High nebula the inner structure I just tried to you know break it down imagine the spherical lobes the way the geometry is uh from the explosion and probably the polls went first so I would I think that's why you have that lighter I'm not sure but just an amazing sight can you imagine being right up to that and uh seeing inside crazy at that the white dwarf glowing heavy so this was my first rendition in a monochromatic of M2 before I added color yeah so I always like to watch this takes a lot of time to make you know you know I gotta tell you I couldn't hitchhike for two weeks because my thumb froze up it was uh from all the buttons which it was terrible and and my index finger I couldn't point at anybody either it was terrible but you know I kept going because you always got to keep going you never let it defeat you it takes a long time luminous it's it um yeah I I love these you know you paint with it is you use a gradation of star dots which is different magnitude they're it's not correct I mean there is a basic layout that uh that is correct you know off of a grid pattern where I laid it out long time ago um just like the old guys used to do you know sir Lord Ross they would use these group grids I mean their work was way better than mine because I have technology so uh just being able to do this digitally and and the advantages for me is every piece of art I can work on forever so when it's raining out or everyone asks me John aren't you stir crazy I go well you know I am but I have you know cloudy nights sketching forums there's some amazing work on there some of the best they're out doing it and it's fun to participate this is M13 from a long time ago through I believe it was my 14-inch top stuff you know it takes a lot to get the image scale here's Venus and Jupiter again that conjunction this was another night right I liked the way Jupiter was diffusing like Illuminating the clouds like it was in the clouds but you know it's way farther than that this was a daytime Venus I don't know if anybody's ever tried you know Abraham Lincoln actually spotted Venus in the daytime just with his eye he just looked in the right place and you can see it so I used to do this a lot when I when it was you know favorable condition but this was a tough one because there was like approaching noon High Noon actually and uh so that was due south and it was just a sliver of a crescent just like our moon you know it goes through phases so going around the Sun so you can imagine how the shadow changes every day those are clouds I just painted those but I mean it was very similar to what I was seeing in the sky this was uh Mount Pinos you know there's these trees when you go up there and when you go in the daytime it's really hot because you're 9 000 feet and it's you know Southern California quite warm so you go sit in you know near the forest or something where there's shade under a tree these are four trees you know you've seen pictures like that but this is a real place so kind of captured by imagination well I always like to close with some beautiful flowers and you know recognizing the beauty all around us that this universe gave us and you know you just have to look outside and look up in the sky you see so many beautiful things you don't want to miss out on them so I capture them so I can share them kind of brightens someone's day I know they brighten mine yeah absolutely these are like Star clusters you know I'm going to be doing some of these too where where these flowers are adrift in you know just their little sphere of life and and then what I'll do is I'll add stars to it and take the leaves out make it a cluster another just walking my dog you know I see incredible beautiful things that you know the universe has provided God you know everything truly amazing to see right now uh with all the rain how everything is growing and towards the Sun these flowers look at these the different colors oh yeah just kind of almost like uh not a Maxwell Parish but Andrew Wyatt Maybe yeah this was a rubber tree always captivating me the the colors on it it was just the strangest thing and it was so perfect and then this Gardener chainsawed it I was like upset because it's not mine but my dog and I we love that tree is still there but it doesn't look this good well I think that is the end of my presentation thank you thank you very much thank you thank you everybody you know if you can get out get some equipment and get out and look at the sky because there's so many amazing things right now that you can see like Venus if you want to see clouds on another planet that like Mars I mean Venus that's pretty incredible so great get on out start look at uh the Supernova and M101 that's going to be something else you can find pretty easily so as Molly pointed out earlier okay well thank you very much John uh thank you Scott my pleasure thank you John have a wonderful evening yep take care um our next speaker is Marcelo Souza in Brazil and uh Marcelo um thanks for coming on to our 121st Global star party uh what is happening in astronomy in Brazil thank you very much doing a lot of things here not only our group but to have many groups working here I've shot some activities that you develop once and they are awesome we have now uh some changes in one of the Stars let's say like church issue yeah our group let me see if we were you know my computer is very slow sometimes and I know that now that you your time is done changed United States because in our it's only two hours from I made a mistake I made a mistake I was calculating UTC incorrectly on the schedule yeah yeah yeah yeah I noticed that I was like maybe that should have been corrected before and uh Maxie pointed out to me today and I go he says that's the reason why Marcelo and I were late I have because it is early for me here yeah but it didn't change your time is Zone didn't change because I think that your time is only it's now we are in central daylight time right now so that but but in summer you change you know yes we do you have daylight we have daylight thought about it the wrong way and stayed up too late doing the schedule so after the presentation office before that's fantastic amazing he's ever I would like to remember and the quotes from Einstein that's something that's motivated our group here the music creativity and their imagination to develop their projects that's something that is very important to to know that all the knowledge sometimes it's not the dissolution for the problems the imagination is very important take activity and here is the activity that I will show image of two activities that you did about these are we have now uh possible a mobile exhibition that we are going to many places this is the activity in a they have the avocado that is a protective Forest here is a headquarters yeah and they simply uh schools and we are developing astronomy actives in this place for the students teachers at the foreign this happened last Friday right let's see who has opportunity to try to see the sound but we had clouds and we made the presentation boxes the move for the kids and we are going to make two days of activities in this place that's located here almost 35 kilometers far from our city here is in front of the ocean oh and it is a protect Forest they are they uh now requesting the recognition from the International Association is a dark sky police um because you don't have lights at night there is the other part of our exhibition about the constellations then there are two members of our astronomy group uh Kezia and the Horizon and you we were there we fell and Telescope solar telescope but the the weather didn't help us in the election post today it's cloudy here now and the prediction is that during our week you have clouds here and this is a fantastic history this is easy is the first public observator in our seats I found dizzy these Observatory because I have I have a friend that worked there Within a pathology that you say in English I don't know in Portuguese it's a technical course associated with medicine brief darkness and in this the place that he worked in the last floor of the school they had a telescope that a refractive telescope there and the he Indian a whole in the I would say in I forgot the name I'm holding the hoof and then they try to knew about the history of job sabotage and the the 60s in the 60s they built these observatory in this school as part of a science laboratory and the in 70s they closed job servatory then the observatory was closed for more than 40. more than 40 years and the they had the telescope that now the telescope nobody knows where it is but see they now have built The Observatory and this is the whole right that's the use to make the observation and the they bought a telescope to use there and it will be responsible to help them to develop activities of astronomy in this school is a private school of a high school and Fundamental school they have students from both that this is the whole in the hoof and this we are trying to begin activities there one of members of our Western plug is hiding as a professional a teacher there to develop our kids with the students there and they this that she is in my hand here which is the only part of the old telescope that they found that is the they used to to find the find of the telescope and the not from with this finder we can know the size of diameter of the refracto telescope that was there [Music] because of the radius of the yes at the telescope then we load size of a telescope and this is our audio ordering that they use the auction job salvatory these are the only parts that we found right and they also the group that is their phones we they didn't find any pictures of the audio Observatory we know one thing we know only about this too equipments and the about reports that you received I talked about with the director of the school that bought the telescopes the telescope and he hit the history is very short for him because he he asked to buy scientific equipments and then they bought also a telescope and they they made a hole but he didn't remember who was in charge with the telescope that and we are trying to find who that's a major observations they are using telescope yeah beginning sixes then 60 years ago that they developed activities that now uh uh something that I'm trying to to profile that is what's happening with bitter juice but before I talk a bit just I will show what you the presentation that you make for the students about the size of the Stars comparing with just and the planets here is the sun will be our planet ended will show how the new the stars that have name that is used to find the sky welcome the size comparing the size with your son [Music] here are the signs on the Bots and here we have the two big ones the two is two super Giants and now details is doing something different from the normal generally better use that's it I know that everybody knows that is now this is a picture phone he's he's always made by Jehovah Parish Space Telescope right this is the major of the better use and here you can compare the size of the star with the size of the shooters or habits the size of tissue potatoes here it is bigger than the size of the Jupiter that's that's something that our the people who are watching who do astronomy Outreach when you show Betelgeuse uh Beetlejuice uh you should um talk about the size of Jupiter's orbit you know as being the uh diameter of this massive star yes it is bigger though but it's bigger than that yes you see here into comparing here it's bigger than the size of the jupitas red super giant star and now it's it is the two eyes now the 10th uh brightness stars in the sky but now it is the seventh something is changing now the brightness is bigger than I I cannot and depression they have the seventh to start now yeah something is happening this is the here you see how it's changing the brightness to Refuge years here we have the dimming here in 29 2019 strength that you saw these one that's a deeming here and now it is with 140 percent higher the brightness down was expecting then this is the graph this these are images from a episode right that's it you'll see here the brightness the flux man that can also say to brightness here you'll see that now it's it grows will be difficult for us to to see here at night foreign in the before the sun the sun set I think that is possible to see on here in the morning before the movie I have just signed the sky we can see it in Andrea try to to take pictures and follow what's happening here because it's something different that I don't know if you have it we'll see a Superhero over there right let's see if this happens we'll have maybe problems here because you have a lot of gamma array arriving here maybe this will bring problems for us and you see a bright dots in the sky with the same brightness of the Moon the full moon but to be a small man I begin brightness maybe if you see something like the Chinese saw in 15-4 yeah that's it was the club but uh they saw in daytime yeah it is I don't know if you it will happen but we need to become something that's possible to happen I don't know who I am nobody I think that nobody knows but something is different with the brightness with the the better deals well then we need to to follow this to know if you have some surprise so I hope that this didn't happen yeah me too so fast not a lot we can do about it so yes there is no Dart mission for a supernova so yeah yes but now you have a supernova that is in the period Alex right me 101 and I I don't know anyone here has pictures of this super Rob I didn't I didn't see I uh I saw I saw this voice side yes Molly Wakeling showed images of this oh great great I didn't participate you and I didn't see it okay great and this is the image from the space weather let's go they have this picture of the disappearance I'll try to but this is very difficult to see here because he's in Wilson major and I can't see for my seats it's near Your Horizon and you can see only part of the constellation very far far from for us here it's difficult to see [Music] let's say something that is a moment to uses telescopes to observe it is easy to see in telescope in the United States there is small telescope I saw this information that that is possible to see in a foreign [Music] it is so easy to see I don't know I don't know if you you already did you see it's right so it's um as of last night it was about magnitude 11 which is uh definitely within range of small telescopes I agree yeah so uh a good target for anyone to go to go check out oh great unfortunately it's much possible for us but to I I follow uh I'll try to see the image that you are taking from thank you scratch thank you okay this is right and I think that soon I have a new edition of the Skies up now I hope so yeah yeah very soon thank you thank you have is a great place to be here so um uh we have a few of our speakers are still with us um listening in I want to thank the audience for watching from around the world and uh um you know we have completed the 121st Global star party uh we'll be back next week I think we're still on schedule for the 122nd Global star party so um but uh you guys uh keep looking up that's something my old friend Jack core climber always used to say and uh until uh next week you know hope you have clear skies take care bye foreign [Music] [Music] [Music] foreign foreign [Music] [Music] foreign [Music] [Music] [Music] foreign sunny day and we have uh you know a refractor out and I've got my close glasses on and I've got my safe solar filter of course the eclipse is not here yet but um I wanted to take a few minutes just to show you some things about solar filter safety the filters that we use is the Thousand Oaks material it is rated to the highest ISO standards and actually independently tested by us as well so just to make sure that those standards are met so if you're going to use a telescope to look at the partial phases and part the let me underline partial phases too you use eclipse glasses to observe the sun in partial phases when it's uh in total if you're going to be on the path of totality you can take the glasses off and only during that time which is going to be roughly two minutes this time on August 21st only during that time can you directly look up at where the sun is because it's completely blocked out you'll see the corona you'll see you know lots of really cool effects that will they'll leave you speechless but during all the partial phases you have to have safe solar filtration so how do you do it uh properly let me show you first off let's show you what you shouldn't do what you shouldn't do is put on eclipse glasses and look through the telescope that's unfiltered and I'll show you exactly why here we're going to point the telescope directly at the Sun and right now we have sunlight coming right through the eyepiece um you can turn that up a little bit if you use solar glasses and look right at the filter material you see it's already burning it's burning a hole right through the solar filter material that is how powerful a telescope is so this is definitely something you don't want to do you can now see it there is a hole through there and that could be your eye so this is what can happen if you think that you can use eclipse glasses to look through unfiltered telescopes or binoculars if you do that the sun's energy is going to burn right through the filter and burn right into your eye so if you're going to use a telescope or a pair of binoculars to watch the partial phases of a total eclipse or just to observe the sun to look for sun spots or something like that make sure that you are using an over the lens solar filter that has the proper ISO safety rating and all of that and so what I'm going to do is I'm going to put this filter on it's uh you can see how snuggly it's fitting here this is not about to come off but you know if you have a loose fitting filter use tape do anything that you can to make sure that the filter is not going to come off and then the the other thing is too is that finder Scopes Optical finder Scopes are like little telescopes and they need to be filtered as well in this case I just have a red dot finder there is no magnifying power to it so I'm not going to use it to sight the sun in the way I'm going to sight in the sun is literally as I'm going to look down at the shadow and align the scope up so I'm getting the smallest Shadow possible of the telescope as it's hitting the ground and now I can safely look at the Sun comfort and look at sunspots and if we have partial phases going on in the eclipse I'll see them all right [Music] thank you