Global Star Party 137

Transcript:

okay I got that QR code uh if you are tuning in right now
and I can see some of you are uh you are watching the 137th Global Star Party the
age of the universe uh featuring again Dr uh Bart J Bach um and this is his
second lecture uh with the age of the universe so I think this is going to be a real treat if you like the last
program so and uh who we got osmosis 007 saying
howy internet people and Mike weasner right now tuning in from uh Arizona
so so here we go um and it looks like everybody's here so
let's let's do
this this is an image of something called
m87 m stands for Messier and Messier was an astronomer who was very interested in
finding comets but he didn't want to find Duds he didn't want to find false alarms this is one of them and you can see why if you were looking at something
like that in a small telescope you might think it was a comet and if we keep drilling down into why m87 is such a
fascinating Galaxy it is an elliptical galaxy and it's been known for quite a long time that there was this little
thing of brightness that was spewing away from it and now we know that that's actually a jet of
material when Hubble was launched we had really good clues that galaxies probably
had black holes at their centers so m87 does indeed have a very massive super
massive black hole at its core on the 2 to three billion times solar mass level and that's a very massive super massive
black hole but it's also active why so why are galaxies active not all galaxies
are active just just a few per are active at any given time are they turning on and then turning off that's
an idea you know maybe there's some mechanical um physics going on at the center of these galaxies where the black
hole has an accretion disc and that material is getting spun up so quickly we know there's very high magnetic
fields that you launch a jet and so this image is observational evidence that
what we've been seeing for a while is actually being launched by a jet connected to that super massive black
hole at the center of m87 what we're seeing here is one jet so we
can assume that this material here that's made making up the bulk of m87 huge Stellar population is obscuring
the other jet in order to get a jet like that you need a magnetic field to accelerate particles and you also need a
source of charged particles so that means that you need near the core of that Galaxy a disc of material and that
that disc of material needs to be spewing in towards the black hole it's got huge amount of gravity it's going to
suck stuff in and when it gets close enough it starts to accelerate those particles to ever increasing rates and
then spew them out along magnetic field lines we've got lots of particles and they are being accelerated at nearly the
speed of light actual connection between having a super massive black hole and acction
disc and launching a jet is still one of the mysteries of high energy astrophysics how does that get launched
what is the actual physics between the black hole the disc and that
[Music]
jet [Music]
hello everyone this is Scott Roberts from explore scientific and the explor alliance and welcome to the 137th Global
star party uh this show is being co-hosted by David Levy and let me bring
David on now um David thank you for agreeing to do this and it's uh it's
more fun uh to uh host this with uh with one of your best bud studes in the whole
world so um we have a uh really special
show going on tonight uh with the second installment of the uh of a uh film that
we remastered from an original kinoscope film of Dr uh Bart buck and uh last week
we talked about the size of the universe and now this week he's going to be talking about the age of the Universe
David I'm going to let you take it on from here if you didn't watch last week's program um uh we didn't really
get to communicate with you that David was a personal friend of Bart boach and he was his biographer so he knows a lot
about the man and um uh so I think that uh having David uh Levy here uh to talk
about the uh the scientist and the astronomer um you know and uh just the
personal aspects at Bart Bach is uh really kind of brings the whole thing to life uh the film that we have is from
1957 so you know you got six Decades of
U Legacy going on here so I'll turn it over to you David thank you for agreeing
to do this so well thank you Scotty and um May I begin by saying that when I got
this telephone call from you uh last Sunday with the offer to make me a code host of the global star party I consider
it one of the greatest honors I've ever received in my life I was uh really overwrought and I
really really appreciate you thinking of me and uh and I'm really really honored
and happy to be here honor for for us and for me personally so thank well
thanks thanks fry thanks um today I want to quote from my own biography that I
wrote of of Bart boach here is the book it's called biography of Bart Bach
The Man Who Sold the Milky Way and uh trying to figure out the
title took almost as long as writing the book but it was my friend Peter Jedi who
suggested the title and uh and uh for those of you who
weren't here last week I just wanted to say that uh I was driving him to the
airport shortly after I reloc ated from Montreal Canada to uh tuon Arizona Vale
Arizona where I'm living now actually and I was um taking Peter to
the airport and he said David your assignment should you choose to accept it is to interview Bartok for an article
that I'm writing about him and I said Peter I can't do that Bart is one of the
most famous astronomers in the world in fact he wrote the introduction to one of
my favorite beginning books the um The Golden Book of
astronomy and I still have that book and it's a wonderful
introduction but uh that went on I finally called him and we were able to get
together and uh we started doing that and as as he was telling me about his
life and his research the problems that he had at Harvard the joys of the had at
Harvard and other places and uh was was really so exciting
and so interesting to be with him for my quotation today I'm going to start by
taking a few stanzas out of the Harvard Observatory P pinor some of you may be
familiar with that shortly after harlo shapley became director of The Observatory he got the idea that he
would write the staff to put on a spoof of Gilbert and Sullivan's HMS pin for
and here are a couple of couple of poems from it in the cool night air with s and
p i wearied my eyes on photometry bright stars with h f stars with Eye blue
doubles reserved for a cloudy sky so many so many CL Tes were measured by me
but now I am observing with ph key and I turned the Dome with so Grand a
shock that I broke two windows in the Elliott clock I burst The Gas Pipe
rolling the chair and created a blaze for the Winter's scare for my worthy
Zeal they requested me to try my strength with photometer P this was really a joyful thing and I
think I think a lot of people a lot of the most famous astronomers of the
generation that I was growing up in who went to Harvard and were part of that
were just remembered it with such Joy the final quotation is going to
be was um was
um was uh barbach and uh his decision to leave
Harvard he and Priscilla his wife's decision to leave Harvard he said before
the Bo left sharly treated them to one of his legendary parties we left Harvard
in great form bu noted I always kept a g bathroom the staff gave me of that party
beautiful one that lasted for over 30 years then as Priscilla and Bart sat in
box seats the students sang A Farewell Melody to the tune of Carolina in the
morning and this is really not Carolina but k kinaa at a
Karina nothing can be finer than to guide an old Karina in the
morning nothing can be greater than to follow good old adaah till the
dawn one of Heaven's glories that's what I go for twinkling little stories I long
to see much more and nothing can be finer than to guide an old Corina in the
more and I think on that that I love
that that is wonderful David thank you thank you you don't often get to hear
David ly sing on this on this program but good occasionally you do
occasionally you do that's right okay so um this next uh lecture uh was um done
by WGBH uh uh J Janet Ivy dening and I were kind of talking a little bit I was
getting to know her a little bit more um you know kind of Backstage here and uh
she also has worked with WGBH a little bit so and I did too I I did a Nova
program uh for mono for the uh 91 Eclipse so we we our our our Crossroads
our Pathways have crossed and uh it's happening here on global star party tonight um uh and I I believe probably
David Levy has been on WGBH as well for you know several programs documentaries
Etc so um but uh uh this next uh this
next um uh video is there any anything you want to add to this David about the
his um art box take on the AG really I'm trying to think of when I was on wgp and
I think it was probably almost certainly the time around around our Comet sh
maker levy9 colliding with Jupiter sure and I remember being on um on an on a
radio interview um there and uh really enjoying myself
there and then on other things when I went to Boston visiting the uh headquarters of
sky and Telescope magazine visiting Brian Marsden and Dan
Green and uh all these wonderful
things and uh Brian and I got to be very good friends we argued and argued about a lot of things but we really got to be
very good friends and I really miss him but as we're about to listen to Bart poach give
one of his famous lectures today about the age of the universe I'm looking forward to reacquainting myself with Dr
Bach and also to the Joy of listening to him give a lecture so on that note back
to you Scotty okay thank you very much well here we go
um and uh again we're introducing uh Dr Bart
Bach from his 1957 lecture the age of the
universe our topic is the age the universe perhaps it would have been a
little more modest to speak in terms of the COS because what we shall be doing
is to consider changes that are taking place in the universe and try to see how
fast these changes in other words universe as we see it now the solar
system the Milky Way system the stars in the system has that always been the same as it is now the answer to that question
is no that must have been changing let's ask another question if it has changed
can we roughly say how fast these changes are taking place the answer to that question is yes we can in many
cases in a very definite time scale of development to our cosmical phenomena so
what we're going to do is to talk about the SK time scale of development let us
start with a simple reference point because our times are going to be rather l ones we must pick some fairly definite
units and get these firmly fixed in our mind the first one that I shall want to
consider is that of the age of our own Earth our own Earth has an age of
approximately 5 billion years so age of
Earth equal to 5 billion that is 90
of our regular years that age has been determined by
geologist and the geologist have been helped by the physicist they've done it
by radioactive techniques finding out how long it takes for rocks to change their composition how many of the Decay
products that are around and in that fashion it has been possible to find a pretty good figure for the a earth 5
billion years is that figure now let's go out in the universe start looking at
our own Milky Way system and begin with one of the photographs of a region of
our Milky Way system in the constellation of signus probably many of you know this part of the sky it is not
far from Bright DEET the northern cost and there on this Photograph we see the
dots which Mark the Stars we see the clouds of gas here this famous North
American nebula shaped purely by accident in the shape of the continent of North America that's a cloud of gas
floating in between the Stars therefore we have our metal partly in space in
these clouds of gas part of it is also in the Stars roughly speaking for every
three gram of matter that we have in space there are two gs squeezed into the
Stars like our own sun and others and there is one G floating in between the
stars in these clouds here in addition to the interstellar gas there is the
cosmic dust look for example here at the Gulf of Mexico of our North American Nea
see how dark everything looks there why is that so because there is overlying
this region a large cloud of opaque Cosmic material tiny little icles that
screen off the light from the stars that lie Beyond Cosmic dust Cosmic gas and
stars that is what our universe is made of our own Milky Way system of which
This Cloud is just one example is a vast system in which the Stars the gas and
the dust are intermixed in about the same proportion that we had here here is
a photo is a drawing of a large scale map of our Milky Way every one of these
clouds that you see here is really a composition of a great many stars so
many close together that they make the appearance of a star Cloud the stars are
more numerous along the band at the Milky Way than at some distance away from it in the Milky Way they're not put
they are not distributed in a perfectly regular fashion in some parts they are
very much denser like for example the Milky Way of our summer of Sagittarius and Scorpio in other parts like the
Milky Way of winter of towers and of Orion there one finds much thinner part
of the Milky Way what is the place of our sun in the Milky Way system and what
roughly are the dimensions of that Milky Way system this drawing here shows this
rather clearly let us turn first to the one on the right in the one on the right
one has a view of our Milky Way system of stars as viewed from a great distance
above it a couple of mil light years or so as one looks at the Milky Way one
sees that it is a flattened system in the shape of a wheel or of a watch I
might even say of a pancake because it is quite thin and our sun is just an average star neither very bright no very
thin in the outer part of the system at the speed of light which is seven times
around the Earth in one second this is a scale of 100,000 light year in other
words the the diameter of the system is approximately 100,000 of these light
years the distance from the Sun to the center of our galaxy is roughly because
we use these terms Milky Way system and Galaxy intermingle the distance from the
Sun to the center of our galaxy is approximately 27,000 of these light
years seen edgewise the system would have disappearance it would appear like
a flattened system with a bulge very clearly marked again with the
sun located in the outer fire 27,000 light years from the center if we could
go a long distance away from our Milky Way system and look back at it it would
probably appear something like this spiral galaxy or spiral nebula as we
sometimes called them if this were our system from here to there would measure
just about 100,000 light years our sun's position would be marked by this little
Black Arrow here and from here to there would be 27,000 light Shields the Milky
Way is highly flattened it is really a thin flattened system it is probably in
rotation around its Center and we ask how fast it goes well from the Sun to
the center 27,000 light years our sun moves at a rate of
approximately 14 40 m second in a direction something like this here how
long does it take the Sun to go once around the center but that is a useful
time to keep in mind can you see it here is the sun here is the center 27,000
light years 140 M each second the Sun and the Earth comes along with it how
long does it take to go once around the center that interval which we shall call
the cosmic year is equal to roughly 200 million of our regular years now if you
would keep this in mind as our second basic feature that our sun moves once
around the center of the Milky Way system in 200 million years we shall
call this one cosmic year so I return to the Blackboard and we write there that
one cosmic year is 200 million regular years
200 million a two with 8 zeros regular
years now we can begin to write the age of the Earth in a slightly different
fashion it was equal to 5 billion Cosmic years and you see 5 billion regular
years that is 25 of the cosmic years so
roughly speaking since the beginning of our Earth the Sun has moved approximately 25
times around the center of the Galaxy that is why we say that the age of the Galaxy is 25 Cosmic
years what sort of changes do take place in a period of the order of 25 Cosmic
years well this diagram gives a rather nice sample of the sort of changes that
take place inside a few Cosmic years here we have a typical Galaxy an object
with a mass and a diameter equal to that to an average Milky Way system and we
have lined up 10 different points no 11 of them all together 11 different points
from here today let us assume that this one rotates around its axis just like
our Milky Way system how will the shape of this line change well as it rotates
the inner parts move faster than the outer ones so this will be pulled out in a spiral like feature and look how
beautifully it looks one revolution later one cosmic year later in other words a very fine spiral will have been
produced in that interval of time many of the spirals that we see have this
sort of appearance and quite a few look a little more like the case after two
revolutions where we will find that things begin to wind up a little bit the inner parts are winding turning faster
than the outers and the spiral is really beginning to wind up after three revolutions we begin to see evidence
that the spiral is getting too much wound up for comfort that it becomes difficult to see the details of the
spiral structure any longer in other words a spiral feature will probably
last for something of the order of two or three Cosmic years not for 25 Cosmic
years and changes must be taking place in our universe in intervals of the order of three Cosmic years now if we
want to find out where these changes are most marked then we come especially to
the groups of the clusters of stars let us take the most familiar one of all the famous plees clusters the famous group
of the Seven Sisters well there are more than seven sisters there but there are about 400 stars at least in this group
of stars these Stars will interact with each other as they pass by each other
they will be acted upon by the pool from the different field stars that pass it by those field stars may pull more on
one star than on another gradually have a tendency to loosen up the cluster a little bit the shearing forces of the
nucleus of the Galaxy they'll be trying to tear the inner parts around a little faster than the outer parts which as a
result that there will be a tendency to tear the whole cluster to Pieces how long will the pl of these cluster last
well we can calculate it the ples cluster should disappear from the celestial scene in just about 25 Cosmic
years so now you see the pleades cluster wait 25 Cosmic years and gone it will be
it will not be there we can therefore right on the Blackboard play these cluster out in 25 Cosmic years so the
pleades out in 25 Cosmic years I shall just write c y c
for Cosmic why for year the pades cluster is one of the denser of the
clusters of stars that we find in the sky we ask what will happen to the more rarified ones I think all of you may
know the second one or a good many of you anyhow the so-called Hodes cluster a
v-shaped group of stars tied into the famous Bri star Al Debra the highes
cluster has a rate of development that is faster than that of the pleades you
can see why the stars there are pretty far apart and these arrows here which
indicate the amounts and directions of their motion are not all of equal size
in other words in the high cluster some effects of the passing with field stares
have already become noticeable and we see the cluster slowly running away from each other without probably enough pool
to keep the Breen right at home and keep the cluster tied together one can calculate what the future is of this
cluster in all probability it will go to pieces in something like only 10 of
these Cosmic years so here is a phenomenon that changes marketly in 10
Cosmic years so the high
is out in 10 Cosmic years and as you see
things begin to speed up in our Cosmic picture let us take one other very
familiar cluster of stars the famous group of stars in the Big Dipper the
stars in the Big Dipper is the exception of the two end Stars this one and that
one up there all the others are moving strictly in parallel paths to each other
which means that they are now running together as a group but because of the
passage of field stars the tearing effects of the rotation of the Galaxy this will not be a permanent Arrangement
this will be a very shortlived affair because it has no gravitational pool of its own to hold it together two to three
Cosmic years should suffice to disintegrate this cluster so for the group connected with the Dipper with the
Dipper group we find that it will be out in in about say three Cosmic
years there are some of the mechanical evidences for development in our
universe clearly time intervals of the order of a few Cosmic years begin to
survive to give major changes let's ask one another question we have now the
pleadings if they go out if the highes disappear are there other groups that will take their place the answer to that
question is probably no therefore change takes place fairly rapidly in the
universe now when we look at some groups that are dynamically quite Compact and
safe like the beautiful Global star clusters these groups of stars they are
sons that are so numerous so close together that they really can all write for a long time purely mechanically on a
mechanical basis this sort of a system is safe for 100 or even a thousand
Cosmic years and the chances of it going B to Pieces mechanically are slight but
then there come the other changes the physical ones and we ask now what evidence can we get from the evolution
of the Stars themselves what can we learn from them about changes taking
place in our universe here in the diagram you see our sun in the lower
right hand corner compared in size to some familial Stars we know pretty well
how our sun behaves and why it behaves the way it does our sun is a star that gets its energy
from subatomic processes these processes work roughly in this fashion that our
sun is composed of many gases among them quite a bit of hydrogen the hydrogen
atoms collide with each other interact with other atoms and produce helium
atoms and the one characteristic that one has about these helium atoms is that
they will on the whole have a slightly smaller mass than the high hydrogen atoms from which they are made in other
words a little mass is lost while hydrogen is being transformed into helium as a result of that the star can
burn up approximately a little less than 1% of its total mass and change it into
energy our sun does that at a very slow and reasonable rate it can keep on going
for 100 Cosmic years without any embarrassment some of the bigger stars do it a little bit faster and especially
when we come to the real big fellows the super Giants then the problem becomes
really a serious one and one begins to find some remarkable things taking place
take for example a star like the one that is picture there on the left that is a star like battle G A Star is a mass
somewhat bigger than our own Sun but not too much more but there a diameter that is so big that Mars could turn in its
orbit around the sun inside that particular star to keep that whole surface burning at a temperature of
3000° requires an awful lot of atomic energy the blue white hot Stars smaller
it's through at the other end of the line smaller it is through but exceedingly luminous have equal problems
of where they get their energy but here we have the problem suppose we have the sun right here at this point one of
these luminous Giants right up here if we take the Sun as the one star the
Luminous giant as the other one the ratio of the masses of the two is about the factor 1 to 100 what is the ratio of
their total luminosities well for the sun one again the ratio of Luminosity
for this one is in many cases as high as a 100,000 times as great as that of our
sub in other words the masses 1 to 100 the luminosities 1 to 100,000 in other
words the atomic energy pump in the Giants have to pump about a thousand times as fast as those in the sun in
other words if the sun can keep it up for 100 Cosmic years this poor star can
only keep it up for one/ ten of a cosmic year and it is on the way out in no time
what we are therefore looking for is especially the properties of the most luminous stars they are stars that must
be subject to very rapid and continuing changes now when we look at these stars
and look at their changes we wonder where these Stars occur for made these
Stars occur especially in regions of the great gas clouds in other words it looks
as though the gas clouds are slowly condensing in spots and beginning to change in into Stars if I had to take a
real example of the pre-stellar stage I would go to this one here I would take
these little dust clouds globules we call them very very frequently in astronomy little dust clouds that are
present in some of these Lantern slides and that actually are clouds of dust slowly being condensed by the pressure
of radiation and by their own gravity a cloud like that present here at the
given time will collapse under its own gravity will be pushed together by the pressure of radiation what will happen
the particles will hit the other particles those particles will then be scattered they're scattered you will
find that you have the molecules forming the molecules will go to atoms and finally as the things speed up and move
faster and faster the atoms will hit each other in their nuclei and then bang you have subatomic energy progressing
outward pushing against the star cloud and a star will have been born so the
process is that of a gradual collapse formed by the followed by the formation
of the atomic energy these are the sort of things that have come closest to the prial state how long does it take to
form a star in that fashion something again of the order of one cosmic year so
all the evidence in our galaxy points to the fact that our universe has been
going on for a time of the order of a few Cosmic years that has now begin to
turn to the universe of galaxies the universe of Milky Way system here you
will find in this photographs these hazy spots are not stars out of focus but
they are Milky Way systems like our own galaxies like our own floating in space
we know that one of the properties of the universe of galaxies is that they all run away from each other that they
have velocities of expansion that the Universe generally is expanding we know
how fast one is expanding that is at a certain distance away from us we therefore know distance the rate at
which it is moving away we know therefore too how long ago they were all closed together and now we might as well
go back to the Blackboard for on the Blackboard we found that the age of the Earth was 25 of these Cosmic years that
clusters developed mechanically in times of the order of 25 10 three and so
Cosmic years we found furthermore that new stars were being formed and were
being formed all of the time that these new stars were being built up out of clouds of gas and clouds of dust these
galaxies these stars that are present now they all develop in time ranges of
this interval time finally we turned to the expanding universe and we found that
the galaxies themselves running away from each other indicated that they were all closed together 25 Cosmic years ago
well one thing begins to be quite clear that beginning from the Earth moving out
into the Milky Way system moving into the universe of galaxies mechanically
and from the physical Evolution point of view that 25 Cosmic years is a pretty
basic and important interval and what I would suggest to you is that it is not likely that this is the age of the
universe but that it certainly is quite sure that 25 Cosmic years is a very
important interval in the development of our universe what I have done today is
to talk in terms of the simplest of classical phenomena I could have changed this over and told you about other
approaches to this problem I have purposes stayed away from the creation of matter from the new phenomena that
have been suggested from time to time but that are not yet accepted in the most conservative fashion one can say we
have now come to the point where we see evidence for Change and development 25
Cosmic years is an important interval keep that in mind and you are safe as as far as cosmical development is
concerned well that is awesome that is awesome so what did you think of that uh
uh David um it was very emotional for me
because I had never heard Bart giving lectures when he was at his
prime I met him when he was a lot older and uh he uh his his um accent was still
there but he was a lot less formal in the older days and those later days and
we got to be very friendly but but what you have offered in the last two weeks
is to introduced me to a different BB a BB when he was younger and even though this is like
half over half a century old and that we now suspect that the universe may be as
old as 13.7 billion years um to hear Bart talk about it back
then it's still relevant he's right that the cosmic year
25 Cosmic years is a significant portion in the life of the universe that still
exists right now he is correct in a lot of other things and I couldn't find
anything where I thought he was definitely dated on this was current
this was wonderful and I just plain loved it thank you for enriching my day
today oh that's great yeah I think everybody was uh kind of digging the um
the fact that we uh were showing or introducing BART boach to a whole
generation of amateur astronomers uh and people stargazers out there that had
never one heard of him before but uh uh and if you had um to see him in at you
know at the peak of his powers here what did you think David ier I thought it was
marvelous and you know I I think we should just pause for one second to understand that you know for decades
Bart Bach along with Priscilla was the world's preeminent Authority on the
Milky Way galaxy wrote the famous book The Milky Way but that was a popular book essentially that was based on
numerous papers that he wrote um many in tandem with Priscilla and I knew Bart
just for the last couple years of his life through David and it was in Tucson
and at the Texas Star Party and a couple of other places and it was because of David's friendship with Bart and your
biography project David that I got to know him just at the end of his life and I thought what you said was exactly
right David he was much more you know there was a little bit less of heavy
accent you know then and he was a lot more relaxed than the professor that
we're seeing in these videos here and I just thought we should also pause for a second and think about this was 60 years
ago this film we're seeing little more than 60 years ago that's the time differential in a very
special era of astronomical research here that's equivalent to the time when
Hubble discovered the nature of galaxies in the cosmic distance scale up to the
time of the first cosm te ological satellites being launched in the 1980s
this is a long time ago now Bart's lecture here and yet to a first
approximation the numbers here are pretty correct still mostly um which is
is pretty amazing um you know he talked about the age of Earth being you know five billion years now we know it's
4.5 43 billion years you know it's a little younger than the sun of course at
4.6 6 billion years the age of the universe now we know very pretty well um
through the cosmological satellites most recently plunk of course is 13.8 billion
years and that's pretty well known through a whole variety of means but the cosmological effect is looking at
fluctuations in the cosmological micro microwave background radiation and um
applying that to the uh the the theory of general relativity in a con somewhat
complex way and that gives us a pretty good estimate of 13.8 billion years
other things that he mentioned were you know to a first approximation they're all pretty much true which is pretty
amazing after 60 years you know he talked about rotations the the cosmic
year rotations of the solar system around the galactic center um you know he talked about 2 25 Cosmic you know we
know it's 22 rotations that our solar system has made
um around the galactic center and and he talked about some open clusters too in the ages of stars and you know we know
that our son of course stars are born in open clusters from nebuli uh and it was
cool that Bart we caught Bart there talking about these little dark
globules that he used the term globule David which which uh you know form
protostars in those globules and of course they came to be known as Bach globules very famously after Bart um but
you know we we know that the sister stars in our cluster are long gone after
22 uh rotations due to Tidal forces around the galactic center and so you
know the plees we now know it's it's distance because of you know um uh
various methods um very accurately at 444 light years it will probably
dissipate in about another couple hundred million years uh we know that the closest star cluster
to us as he mentioned is the uh what most most of the almost all the stars in
the Big Dipper asterism or in the so-called Ursa Major moving group that's about 80 light years away from us that
will dissipate sooner that's a relatively weak cluster in its latter stages so maybe you know it's about 80
light years away and maybe about you know 80 million or a 100 million years from now will be dissipated so these
stars break up because of tidal forces as they orbit the Galaxy we know a little bit more about that now but these
are only refinements you know we're only changing some of the numbers here by about 10 or 20% Which after 60 years and
everything that has been discovered and and known just in the last generation
which has been explosive this is incredible it's still to a first approximation a very accurate summary
of the Galaxy and what's going on in the galaxy and um you know we didn't know
the age of the universe precisely then we do now pretty precisely we think but
it's astonishing that so long ago he had a pretty good first approximation on
this whole field of numbers right right well gosh David um I uh I kind of
pounced on David here saying hey David could you kind of update us with latest numbers stuff and uh Mr aer's doing this
right off the top of his head okay so this is uh but it's no surprise I mean a
result of a wasted youth Scott it's no surpris he wrote a
wonderful book about galaxies uh which you uh can find on Amazon so uh both of
these guys uh U Mr Levy and Mr ier have written a tremendous number of books uh
and um certainly you should browse through Amazon and maybe Springer and uh
astronomy uh publishing you know comback publishing um for for some of these
books because they're a real treasure and if you meet them they'll be happy to sign them for you so um so they and they
do get out there so and you should too I am uh I'm going to turn this over to Mr
AER right now I do want to say that uh David is if you don't already know
because i' I've said it many times uh he is a great guy very knowledgeable very
um diverse in his uh his knowledge base from history to uh geology and astronomy
an extremely fascinating guy just to sit around and talk to um and you can do
that if you go to uh the starmus event which is coming up here uh which David
will talk a little bit about but uh and also just reading his column uh in
astronomy magazine so they're still celebrating their 50th Anniversary right
now and you can pick up that 50th Anniversary Special Edition um uh on
astronomy.com uh but uh David you're going to you're you're fascinated not
only with all these you know various aspects of the universe but uh you love
the Exotic um and and uh and you're going to be talking about an exotic object
tonight which is NGC 708 called the fetus nebula you know
when I saw that I go ah you know fetus nebula but it does look like a
fetus talk about that well thank you so much Scott and and if we ever you know
have doubted that amateur astronomers have too much time on their hands all we need to do is look at the popular names
of deep Sky objects and that proves it time and time again and and this one we
still have hundreds of objects here to to work through and so I will share my screen and share the right
PowerPoint and start the PowerPoint and we'll hope that uh um we can there we go
thank you very much and uh that jumped out of my way and if you can see Centaur
say we're in business but that's the not the right object tonight as you said so we'll skip it and go right on on to NGC
708 you know if ever you don't have enough to do in the summertime or the early fall evening Sky signis you know
the constellation signis is loaded with spectacular planetary nebula and these
foreshadow of course what will happen to but Bart talked about our son and a little bit of uh Stellar Evolution there
you know about six or seven billion years from now long after we're gone on
our planet about a billion years from now the oceans will boil off of Earth which is going to kind of ruin the
weekend but long after that when we're gone um we our sun will evolve into a
red giant and eventually a planetary nebula and a white dwarf Remnant and we will become one of these really amazing
objects but for now we need to look at others that are out there and NGC 708 is
another really good one and there are lots of these in in signis that are really cool and somewhat large in terms
of angular size and worth looking at this one's in Northern signis as Scott
mentioned it's sometimes called the fetus nebula um you can judge that see that when when I show an image here and
see what you think of that um it was discovered by our friend William hersel in 1787 from
slau um and uh it's it's pretty faint but it's fairly large as well it's more
than nearly an arc minute and a half half in size and about 12 magnitude it's v magn v magnitude so you know if you
get into a dark sky and have a you know a four certainly a six or an 8 inch scope in a dark sky you can see this
object pretty well it's about a light year in diameter
as most planetaries are before they really start to dissipate over their lifetimes of 20 or 30 maybe even 50,000
years in some cases into the interstellar medium so it's roughly the size of our solar system if we think of
the solar system as being a physical diameter that goes out to the outer edge
of the or Cloud so it's a nice challenge object it it holds up to magnification pretty well
it has a reasonably high surface brightness even though it's kind of faint overall um and it has a 13th
magnitude Central Star so it's pretty observable in medium and larger amateur
telescopes as well there are two dark nebula in the field fi that are fairly
close uh to it one from courtesy of e Barnard and and the other Beverly Linds
um and you can see these in Astro images certainly they're Widefield pictures if if not
visually so here again borrowing from Ron Stan's really nice uh interstellarum
Atlas you can see the nebula in the center there and the dark nebula that surround it and this is a pretty rich
area of course of the Milky Way Northern signis here that's getting up relatively
close to the border of sephus here as well so it's a really nice area just to
explore if you don't have anything better to do uh on those summer nights
this is it and this is Adam blocks image that was taken from uh Tucson there um
Mount Lemon and and you can see what you think as far as is you know is that the fetus nebula or isn't it and you can see
there are a couple of bright foreground stars that are right next to to this nebula and also of course you can see
the Central Star there uh pretty well in this image this is a Sloan digital Sky survey
image that has been manipulated as well enlarged and manipulated with some color
and some contrast here to show a little bit more detail in the object
here um and that's it I mean that's just a quick uh you know this hasn't again
this is an object that hasn't been super well studied but this does lead us into
a special issue not only do we have a list of if Scott will put up with this
for the next 10 years of 400 more weird objects to talk about but we took the
best quarter of them and we made a special issue that's the January issue of astronomy magazine so if you get
astronomy you'll get this issue coming up uh in a few weeks here that have the
101 weirdest of all objects um strange creatures in the universe so that was a
fun project to devote one special issue of the magazine to that is wonderful and as Scott said
um we're going to have a seventh starmus Festival uh for unknown reasons I got
involved with these guys about 14 years ago and Garrick israelian the director of starmus and Brian May the co
co-creator of starmus who also happens to play a pretty good guitar in his spare time um
and uh they have founded this science festival that's very popular and we've had many many Nobel Prize winners and
Astronaut explorers and musicians and other creative folks in all the Sciences
astronomy but also physics and biology and all sorts of things and we've just had Jane Goodall has joined our board
and along with uh another a number of very distinguished people and me you
know there's got to be one always right um on our board so we're going to have the seventh staris Festival in Braava
Slovakia uh this coming May in the middle of May and it'll be quite incredible it's about five weeks after
the eclipse in the United States here you can successfully enjoy the eclipse
and then go relax at staris and here uh amazing talks that we're going to have
and we'll also have a lot of entertainment over there um it's easy to get to because it's very close to VI
Austria which is easy to fly to and we will have some rock and roll and some
fun there as well as a lot of science so we hope you'll join us at staras and
Scott that's all I have for tonight I will stop sharing my screen no that's great you know and and SC Scott you'll
be there we'll have a star party which we did last time in Armenia we'll do
that again and we will have uh distinguished speakers that include David Lev among
others well I I'll tell you I've got this big QR code next to me here we're
going to talk about that in a second but um uh uh being at staris is just an
amazing um uh experience that's all I can tell you because you are surrounded
with so much you know brain power I mean they could light up you know London
Vienna and several cities uh but there it's in a very relaxed
atmosphere uh you have the opportunity to see these people in action live in
front of you and you're just you're mingling with them uh uh at many of the
events uh that go on and it goes on for it's going to go on for what a week most
of a week and and we'll have some additional things going there's going to be an astrophotography School Scott I
think you'll be involved with that as well the main Festival itself which are mainly talks and and uh shows um that
involve entertainment as well goes on for nearly nearly a week and and you do get to get up close we've had all the
Apollo Astronauts and many many Nobel Prize winners including uh people who
will you know uh you know Emanuel sharpener is one example who may extend
your lives you know through crisper Jean splicing technology but many many many
prominent scientists as well as astronaut explorers and rock stars too
are into it and we have Rick Wakeman and Peter Gabriel uh involved in our board
and and many others as Jee Michael jar he's gonna be there right Jean Michelle jar Michelle who's thrown who's put on
the largest concert in in human history in Moscow there were 3.5 million people
Outdoors at his concert it's in the Guinness Boga World Records he will be there as well um and he's a super nice
guy and uh you know and Brian Eno has been involved and lots of other of the
more intellectual rock and roll folk if you will so it's going to be a great
time again we had about 5,000 people in armania it'll probably be about that
size again but but again Scott as you said it's an opportunity to mingle with these people to talk to them to get
close to maybe have a glass of wine and never before in history could you do this I mean it's quite there's I'm sure
Einstein would have loved to been something like starmus you know yeah
starus for stars and music and music the the derivation there yes so join us if
you can it's actually very affordable to go to the um event uh most of the cost
for most people is getting you know is transportation and you know you can fly to Vienna pretty easily actually you
know so it's a lot less intimidating even coming from the United States than you might think awesome yeah get your
passport ready so thank you so much David that's great that's great okay so
our next speaker is Janet Ivy dening okay uh she is a uh a winner of the
salak ride um award from the uh let me get this right the American astronaut
astronautical Society uh and she's a fellow solar system Ambassador that's a
program I joined up with but uh I don't really hold a candle next to uh Janet
ivy dening with all the amazing stuff that she's done she is uh she's had a life in entertainment she is an
incredible lecturer she's given TED Talks before um she's someone that
actually should be at staris so um and uh this uh this QR code uh next to me is
uh a QR code that you can scan look if you guys have not bought your eclipse
glasses yet for the uh April 2024 Eclipse you can get them directly from
uh through this QR code and this helps support the amazing stuff that Janet
does with her Outreach and education um she was I think you did a
program today for uh which country was this it was a girls in Pakistan and uh
just a darling uh 10 11 12 year- old girls who love space and the Stars uh
but the great news about my partnership in this affiliate link you can order any of the glasses on the website there's
still some cyber monday deals going on but most importantly 10% of all sales if
you use this affiliate link this QR code goes to St Jude's Hospital paper op
Optics located in Memphis I grew up here there and I'm super excited about April
8th but I have to tell you uh David AER it's like to see that this fetus nebula
that William hersel uh played a part in some of its Discovery you know we all
know that he discovered Uranus and would have loved to have named it Georgia star but what I also love to tell students is
that he was a great brother his sister Caroline hersel was going to be doomed
to be basically uh H their mother's kind of like made until he said no no so
William herel among his many contributions to astronomy also was a
great brother taught his sister how to sing opera play the piano and apparently
Caroline hated it at first hated those cold nights and then we all know that she also made some fantastic
contributions to space and astronomy all because of a good big brother so I love
telling that story because the man is more than just a discover Ing and naming
uh and discovering Uranus there but what I want to talk to everybody tonight you
guys are all talking about the age of the universe so uh when Scott C says how do you explain that to students
sometimes it's best to give them something that is life applicable so uh
I'll use a bit of math I'll trick them into like solving something Cosmic because I believe along if you've never
heard Brian Green say this it's like I'm borrowing it from his um book that we
must make science the most attractive the most passionate adventure story that
we could ever tell and that's how we get students in a world where we kind of
like stay on our phones like we're reading some great ancient Scrolls or
scribe like it's like it's time for us to realize that creativity is beginning
to lag and so what I love to do is to like tell it like it's like some like
great Star Wars Story Only it's real and then to get the kids to like sneak in
the math and the science and then they fall in love with it um what I like to do is divide
13.8 by 24 and so that instead of calculating it in the billions of years
let's sneak it on down to a 24-hour day you divide 13.8 by uh 24 and you're
going to get 5 75 million and so then you begin to go
that every hour on the clock is about SE 575 million years and then it's like you
can sort of scale through time using that and that's just one quick way
especially especially with elementary and middle school students which is usually kind of like my general audience
so but grander than the age of the universe and it's like I love it when kids actually are like I'm going to how
about these new things that have been discovered by the James web telescope are they galaxies are they black holes
are should they be as composed as they are we don't expect the universe to organize itself like that and uh so it's
very fun to hear their feedback uh we were speaking a little bit uh before we
started the broadcast that sometimes you can be around 10-year-olds that will
stump you with all of their knowledge and you'll go oh yes uh please continue Professor I always like to put them in
the point of power when they know a lot of their facts but I'm going to share my
screen here and we'll start here um let me do go into slideshow mode here there
it goes so there's a couple ways to follow me there on Facebook and Linkedin my Instagram is weird because
it got hacked back in September but I promise that's me now and you can always find great kind of activities and
Hands-On to handson experiments on my website at janplanet.com
but one of the things that it's like again the time thing for kids it's still
elusive right it still goes moves entirely too slowly so what I continually love to do is to try to give
them some way of scaling the solar system pardon me and again I know this
is I know this is very low five but a lot of times when I am working with students to get them out of the screen
out of the kind of video game mode it's like we're going to go super lowfy and you can literally uh following this
model that you can take squares of toilet paper will start at the Sun and then by the time they roll it out it'll
take up about 42 feet of space and it's the most fun and if you do this outside
you might have to have a few rocks or Pebbles along the way and they can mark them as they go and it's a matter of
being also you know kind of scientific and we'll go oh wait a minute we have to measure this correctly but this is just
one quick way and you can find this at Great Basin observatory. org and so I
like to do this one especially with smaller kids but if you've got older kids my next favorite one is
1,030 yards so uh it's great to kind of like it's best if you've got like an
outdoor place you don't necessarily have to do it in a straight line uh it you'll cover about a little over half a mile
doing this but you know you can you can come back if you don't have a straight line you can go in a circle and all of a
sudden it becomes really aware so for we'll kind of like set where the sun is
and then we walk 10 yards and the other great thing is again sorry for any
International folks that are watching we're still lagging way behind in schools where in
the US we're not teaching as much metric so that's the fun thing to convert uh
all of the yards into metric things so that's another great math way that we can do but what's fantastic to see
students really go through is we'll start by going 10 yards then we you know
go another nine yards to Venus and then another seven yards to uh to Earth and
and then all of a sudden by the time that we're going from Mars to Jupiter now we've got to go 95 yards and they
really begin to see what that is and they're like whoa and then what we'll
also do is we will begin to Mark these places
with something as small as say a pepper corn and we'll tape it to I don't know
if you can even see that there we'll tape it to an index card and then it's
like when it's all said and done we'll use different things you can use kind of a pin head for Venus and Earth that's
about probably 800s of an inch of peppercorn might be more like 300s of an
inch and then you can use like h a pecan or a walnut for Jupiter and uh Saturn
again you have to remind them the planets aren't exactly to scale at these distances we wouldn't be able to see
them at all but when you get kids that again are inside a lot and then we
walking over half a mile to go from one end from the Sun out to the Caper belt
it's so fantastic and again it's just a way to get it in their bones for me as
probably a kid that it's like I needed to understand it I needed to feel it dance it sing it and kind of like and
kind of embody what all of these things mean that for me is the best way I know
how to really drive this home the last and most fun way is I love to be able to
give kids a way to have their pocket solar system and it's like you can
almost say a bit of this is a golden ratio you just take about a meter of paper this might be longer than that but
you uh all you have to do is your first fold is just a half it and then that
Center of this becomes Uranus so you mark that as Urus you take that in
you'll probably what I usually get kids to do is draw a yellow line here at the top for the sun kind of draw a little
kind of like peppered little place with all of the things out there in the CER belt uh and at the bottom and so then
you'll take from the cuper belt to the middle there with Uranus this next fold
will become Neptune and so you've got that now here's where I think it becomes
so super fun and this is where kids go no no there's got to be more space it's
when you start folding here that next fold becomes Jupiter the next fold
becomes Saturn and all of a sudden you're down to this much space and you're like wait a minute we haven't even we don't even have the inner
planets yet then that next fold uh becomes I'm sorry Saturn Jupiter
Mars okay so I did I do yeah I did that funny uh I'm looking at it upside down
sorry about that so we get to Jupiter we do another fold then we've got the asteroid belt and now
it's like all of a sudden we've got even less paper and we do one more fold there and now we're at Mars and then you can
kind of do little three little folds here and then you can have the inner planets and all the kids will go wait a
minute there's all the inner planets here and all this space in space and in
between and the vastness of our solar system and uh this is a fantastic thing
what I've done is give Scott many of these links and uh hopefully he's posting some of these uh places that you
find this in the chat there but again it's like it's fun the kids can decorate
decorate their pocket solar system if you there's some great uh stickers of
the solar system you can find on Amazon if you happen to be a teacher or if you're an astronomer out for a star
party it's just a way to kind of get a miniature model of of our kind of like
solar system and our place in it and then here is let's see I'm gonna pause
this really quickly one of the very favorite videos that I love to play
there was a group of guys who decided to go out into the desert and take seven
miles of desert and scale the solar system here it is it's so beautifully
done and I'd love to share this with all of
you if you look up an image of the Earth and Moon you're going to get a picture
where they're quite close together something like that but in reality the
Earth and Moon are [Music] about about that far apart that is the
Earth and the Moon to scale taking the same concept but for the
solar system every single picture of the solar system that we ever encounter is
not to scale if you put the orbits to scale on a piece of paper the planets
become microscopic and you won't be able to see them there is literally not an
image that adequately shows you what it actually looks like from out
there the only way to see a scale model of the solar system is to build
[Music]
one welcome to Black Rock
Desert this is Alex I'm Wy he's going to be behind the camera I'm going to be
probably making a lot of mistakes on camera we have 36 hours to measure the distances Trace out the orbits and set
up a time lapse shot from up on top of a nearby
Mountain to create a scale model with an earth only as big as this marble you
need seven miles of empty space so that's why we're here why did
you guys come I don't have a job
at this scale the sun is a meter and a half so about about that big
round so we are driving right now to Mercury we've
arrived Venus is the same size as
Earth I have some World in my pocket
somewhere and [Music]
Earth this is Mars got a couple of robots rolling around on that
one once the time lapse is ready we'll drive each orbit with a light
hopefully you'll be able to tell just how big they really
are onward to the outer [Music]
planets [Music]
Jupiter Saturn that tiny light out there is our sun
just over a mile [Music]
away Sun's way way out there [Music]
[Music]
now so this is it this is the edge of the solar
[Music]
[Music]
system
so right now it's about 7 amm we just woke up right before the sun's about to
rise we are on Earth's orbit Wy is over there holding our
son cue the dramatic Sunrise
Music so if we've made our model correctly your perspective from where
Earth is on the model will match your perspective from standing on real Earth
so if you look back at the sun you will see that the model sun and the real Sun
are the exact same size that's how you can tell that the
proportions are correct there are 24 people in the
entire history of the human species billions of people who have actually seen the full circle of the Earth with
their own eyes following the breakfast the astronauts went to the soup room where they dawned their space suits this
is man's attempt to get to the [Music]
m in Earth orbit the Horizon is just slightly curved when you head on out to
the Moon that Horizon slowly curves around and upon itself and all of a sudden sudden you're looking at something that very strange but it is
very very familiar oh my God look at that picture over there wow is that pretty you can put your thumb up and you
can hide the Earth behind your thumb everything that you have ever known all behind your thumb not a bigger
than that way up there it's really beautiful you can
cry that's what I really want wanted to try and capture it we are on a marble
floating in the middle of nothing when you sort of come face to face with that
it's it's staggering I just love that video and
thank you so much for indulging me and allowing me to share that with you what's really beautiful to watch when I
use this in my live performances when I tour the solar my solar system show around the country is that when they say
you can put your thumb up and Jim Love's talking you put your thumb up and you can hide the whole world behind your thumb the kids in the audience will hold
their thumb up it is so precious because all of a sudden they're getting this concept the last little thing that I
will quickly just share with you again it's combining math we're g to make math
seem learn like magic and very like awesome but you can literally take just
a ball of clay it's usually they call for three pounds of clay Play-Doh you can always make it and then we divide it
into 10 equal parts and then this is where it gets crazy folks six t to make
Jupiter three t0 go to Saturn and only one tenth of this ball goes to
everything else and then you go you you divide it up into ten again five more T
goes to Saturn Saturn's gobling it up over there what's happening two t to make Neptune two tents to make Uranus
you really have only kind of like the remaining clay kind of one t for all of
the rest of the stuff and then you'll fourth it and divide it even more and then by the time that you are really
finished it's really kind of like um let me see I think I put that slide in there somewhere all the way down here let me
show you where it is it's a lot of steps to this thing and let me put it up here real quickly is just that you'll see
that by the time that you divy it out and again the kids are all going how is that possible how is that we only have
this much for all the rest of everything and it's a great kind of visual way you can see and I've done it many times
where Pluto really is just barely perceptible but I hope you guys have shared if if you've enjoyed any of this
please reach out to me at Janet janplanet.com it is one of my most fun
things is to share how we can take like super low-fi ways and help kids
understand and begin to grasp the largess of what we are and I think that
it's just incredible that we get to be on spaceship earth that we are all
thermodynamic Miracles that the chances of us being who we are as we are with
our UND duplicable biological signature is one in 400 quadrillion that the
chance is greater the probability is greater that we'd not be here like 10 to the power of never and yet here we are
and that we are part star stuff and iron in our blood calcium in our teeth carbon in our DNA related to the very same
elements that exist in the hearts of stars so if I could share anything with you guys tonight whether you're talking
to Children about the age of the universe the size and scale of our our Milky Way and kind of like the things
that are hard to kind of conceive is really allowing them to kind of like fall in love with the Wonder create that
best adventure story that you possibly can take them on the best kind of like
journey of their life and I think that's how we get our next generation of astronomers and explorers and Engineers
thank you so much for letting me speak tonight wow that's awesome aren't you
guys glad that I brought or invited Janet to be on tonight I am just beside
myself your your presentation is fantastic I know that uh people that watch this program a lot of us think
about ways that we can get youth into uh science and astronomy and uh you know
certainly astronomy is the a a big uh an easy Gateway for uh people to get more
scientifically literate uh but it takes people like uh Janet Ivy dening to
really you know bring that energy that passion and and the knowledge and skill
uh to make it all happen so um but uh uh I'm going to bring on uh we want to
thank you again I uh you know that this this uh QR code here uh is going to help
glasses it's like it's going to be a phenomenal event on April 8th but thank you guys so much for having me I'm going
to stick around in the background and listen to the other great speakers what a thrill and privilege to be on with you
amazing people tonight thank you so much that's great so um I will also bring on
uh uh John Goss now John is um uh with the astronomical League uh uh John what
what did you think about uh Janet's presentation you know that that was it
it's always pretty incredible to talk about the size of things um both distances and masses and and uh just
physical sizes especially in their solar system you know I myself can go over
this time and time again but I'm always thinking wow you know space is pretty big yeah and you what we see on
television in science fiction shows you think yeah you just go from here to there and that's your story not that
easy it's all even the closest is pretty far you know the moon itself pretty far to get to so it's it's
far so yeah I thought that was pretty cool wonderful wonderful okay so um we
are at the part of our of the global star party where we talk a little bit about the astronomical League the
astronomical league is the world's largest Federation of astronomy clubs with over 300 uh member clubs but they
also have members from around the world with their membership at large programs so uh to become a member you either join
a club that's already a league club uh uh and there's many of them across the United States uh or you can uh go to
www. asrol league.org and join up as a member at large but uh they have uh
incredible observing programs they have an extensive uh uh series of Awards uh
that are given uh to youth with the national young astronomers award all the way up to uh programs like the Leslie
Peltier award that recognized lifetime achievements uh Jack horkheimer uh is
also still with us with the um with the horkheimer award also for Youth and um
uh so many more I think you guys have uh as far as observing programs you have something like 80 observing programs no
other organization has this so uh and in my mind no other organization does as
much as you guys do to support amateur astronomy and help people get U more
into this lifestyle because it's beyond a hobby so it is I know it's beyond a
hobby for you John it's a big universe out there so you gotta have all these
programs to try to capture at least part of it and and make it worthwhile for people but yeah thank you thank you
Scott um you know when I when I first saw what this uh General theme was today
on age of the Universe I thought how am I going to tie all this stuff in how am I going to tie that in to what I'm going
to say well this is how um it's become a family
joke that when my grandkids ask me how old I am I tell them well I'm I'm old as
dirt and they go come on come on come on Gramps yeah I'm Gramps come on Gramps
how how old are you how how old are you really well I'm I'm old as dirt well well how old is
dirt well dirt is as old as the mountains now I live in Virginia uh
pretty close the Appalachian Mountains and they are upwards of 480 million years old so Dirt has a pretty it's it's
pretty old so they say well how how old are the mountains I go well they're
there a lot younger than Earth well how's the Earth well it's a lot younger than the
universe how how old's the universe a lot older than dirt and so on
we kind of get in this circular reasoning so I think if if you're a grandparent you may have come across this type of talk with your grandkids
now and then but it it it does show something about how old the universe really is it is a lot older than dirt
um before I go to the slides I want to show you something right here you might
REM if you're old enough you might remember this album back in 1970 by Cat
Stevens uh he on it he has a song which I'm not going to play but we're GNA kind of refer to he has a song called on the
road to find out and it's essentially it's about a young man who leaves home
because he wants to see the world see the universe clear his mind of all this stuff and try to understand well that's
kind of what amateur astronomy is all about in which we want to leave leave our our Earthly World Behind and go out
look at the stars and see what's going on so let's with that in mind let's uh like to share my screen
maybe see if I can do
this excellent
so obviously talk is called on the road to find out triangula now what is
triangula U there's a constellation out there called triangulum and that's what we're going to go to but I I I did
choose this particular title for a particular reason uh on the road to find out well
Cat Stevens who wrote the song he has he goes by Yousef now uh basically he said
well I left my happy home to see what I could find out I left my folk and friends with the aim to clear my mind
out and so on so he he wants to look up he wants to see see what's going on he
wants to clear his mind out and understand what is going on with the world and that's what we're going to be
doing here in just the next few minutes as an illustration you know why do we spend time under the
stars um top 10 reasons for stargazing reason number two two I'm not going to
go into all the 10 reasons I'm just going to stick on number two here uh seeking meaning meaning and place in our
lives and achieving excuse me achieving inner peace and contentment I think a lot of us go out
under the stars and before we we actually start looking through the telescope and fit them with all this stuff we like gazing at what's above and
trying to understand and see what the Stars really are above us on that on that particular
occasion so what one thing we like doing is is looking up seeing the stars and
seeing that they're there every night the same stars are there on that
particular date every year for many years past and many years in the future
just as an illustration that uh right here on the right is a a star map that I I happen to have a book from
1887 gives a star map of the Fall Sky of course it's not a great a great map especially with today's Maps but you'll
get the idea it it it shows you some interesting stuff on it a lot of recognizable constellations that we see
in in tonight's night sky such as Aries and Pisces and Pegasus and Perseus and
so on but right in the center there's a constellation called triangula well there is no constellation
called triangula there's triangulum and there's a reason for that go on the
here you know in in each um each season I think what I like to do is each season
when I go out I try to find a particular constellation in the sky one that not
everyone's going to be looking at I'm not going to of course you go out tonight you might go out and see uh
pereus or or copia is probably the one people would would want to look at but there are other ones out there in the
springtime in the winter time people like looking at Orion well I always try to find the one right below it
leus kind of a goofy looking rabbit in the spring I like looking at corvis the
crow and the summer uh delin and it's it's it's a nice one in the summer these are stuff that we all know but we really
don't look at and you go out and star parties and people are showing stuff in the sky they don't jump on these
constellations but I like looking at that because these are the ones that come in year after year and the fall we have triangulum now
there are different ways of looking at this constellation but um I I like Port portraying it as a tubular bell not as a
not as an architect's triangle but anyway you have this constellation
basically three stars but not really three stars because gamma is really a a combination of three stars fairly close
together so you get to know triangulum you get to know delphinus and corvis and all that and you realize that
every every November 28th you go out and look triangle's going to be run up here there in the sky it's it's kind of an
old friend and people like looking at that uh triangulum okay let's called that today uh roughly 100 years ago up
to 100 years ago it's called triangula because it was made of two there are actually two separate triangles there um
the Greeks uh saw it as a constellation called uh delaton because it looks like
the Greek letter Delta uh kind of a elongated triangle but then in I don't
know 300 years ago yanus havelius made two triangles in there called triangula
which is why it is but in in like in in 1928 with the IU chopped down the of
these constellations they uh got rid of triangula and just made it one triangle
this is a kind of a pretty lame shot that I took um the other night and I'll
Identify some of these now but it has triangulum right in the
center so every November every November 28th or whenever I took this
a week or two ago you go out and look Aries will be in the same spot the plees pereus triangulum Andromeda these these
our friends in the sky they're always there this is a big reason for going out looking at the stars because before you
get looking at all the Deep Sky objects and all this other stuff in there you can see these and you know yeah good
everything's everything's pretty cool everything's like it should be but then pretty quickly you want to
learn more you want to see more so you want to look deeper in into the sky and and see what various areas have to offer
including triangulum well let's do that we have a map here of the Fall Sky
okay you know you got Orion's rising over there in the lower right or lower left sorry Pegasus is in the upper right
and you got all the stars in between so let's zero in on triangulum but the way I have it drawn
here is that there are two two actual triangles triangulum Magis and minus
which means larger and smaller the triangulum minus has been wiped off it's no longer there stars are still there
but the little lines connecting them are no longer represented but you can see that there are a number of of deep Sky
objects in this constellation uh which which uh you can
occupy yourself with and looking at and trying to enjoy and understand um which we're going to tackle some of these in
just a moment first thing though if I get my
slides okay here we go age of the universe as applied to
triangula uh we have the big bang about 13.8 billion years along with our bumper
sticker that they astronomically offers 13.8 billion years you can shove on there instead of having your half
marathon you can have the age of the universe right there um you got first galaxies appear
about 12 billion years ago 8 billion years ago you have the for form of Delta trianguli that's one of the Stars so it
so shows how old some of this stuff really is formation of the sun which we were just going over a few minutes ago
uh five billion years ago approximately coalesence the of the earth 4.6 4.5
billion years ago light from 3 c48 now the reason why I include that is simply
because c348 that was the second uh quazar recognized as such and that is in trying
triangulum life begins on Earth and so on but then we we go down the list and
we see what do we got that the beginnings of Appalachian dirt so that's how right
there on this chart present day Earth uh about 450 480 million years ago was the
beginnings of appalachi and dirt in the future well we'll just have
to see uh we think merging of the way in androma galaxies will be in another 5
billion years so this kind of gives you an idea of how long things are in the
universe how long ago it happened and what's going on let's take another look triangulum in the sky uh this is a
really nice picture uh thank you Terry man for doing this for me um captures it pretty much what what we want to look at
tonight you can see up at the top of the P or the screen you have m33 probably the most well-known object in triangulum
a lot of people like looking at but it has a number of other items as well and we're going to go through some of them right
now Iota trianguli it is a double
star uh pretty tight you have to use high power to see it but it really is there you um put in your high power
eyepiece and you'll see that it actually is two points of light in my drawing one
uh kind of golden one kind of bluish we have another double star 15 trianguli nice looking thing this is
something that you can see in binoculars again one yellow or orange gold and the
other is is blue this is something to take a good look at with with with your binoculars when you're under the sky
when you're with your under uh triangulum and all the other
stars this is something I just don't know about I have to know myself it's called David's D is an excuse me it's an
asterism and you can see it kind of kind of looks like a d okay okay now that's
something kind of NE to look at you don't need a high power telescope to see this but it's uh it's an it's completely
different it's an asterism meaning that these Stars aren't physically gravitationally bound to each other
that's something to look at but now let's look at m33 this is the one that people like to look at in
triangulum this is a drawing that I made and you can see m33 and there's also NGC
604 which is actually part of m33 it's a
humongous uh star forming nebula in that Galaxy and you'll see that right next
here friend of mine uh Ed Dixon of the ronic valley Astronomical Society took this
photograph of m33 and you can see the Galaxy of course and NGC 604 with it
very nice now I thought it would be interesting uh to compare the two direct
comparison of what you can can see through a telescope with what you're going end up with a really nice looking astrophoto let's do that so these are
the the two shots side by side m33 you can see the the bright core of it in
both the galaxy image and my drawing and 604 kind of a hazy uh smudge in my
drawing but you can see it in the U in the photograph so they match up pretty well these things are in the sky and
they're all interesting to look at it's something to for you to take take your time to do um
I'm trying to get get through this as fast as I can here so I won't take up too much of this time but when when you
do this when you go out and go under the stars maybe uned eye for a little bit
maybe with binoculars with a telescope you start thinking go this is all pretty cool what what does what does this
really mean what have I done tonight well you know you have made some constellation friends now which you're
going to be greeting you every single November uh forever and you also have seen things
like asterisms and double stars and galaxies all in your journey to to on
the road to find out to find out what's really up there find out what it's really all
about so there you are on the road to find out to triangula the two triangles
um I'll leave you with this and if you have any questions I'll be happy to answer but I'm encouraging to go out
when you can get a look at the sky make some friends with with the Stars and you'll see these things year after
year uh always so thank you Scott thank you thank you so much
wonderful thank you wonderful uh our um our next um oh
before I I go I I did want to uh just mention that uh the astronomical League
uh does have an annual astronomical League convention uh can you tell us a little bit more about that John yeah the
in 2024 it'll be July 17th to the 20th uh held uh
in it'll be focused in Kansas City uh actually Overland Park Kansas which is a
suburb of can Kansas City um and it will be both uh virtual and in person so
hopefully we'll have the The Best of Both Worlds in there uh so the talks are being worked out and how to do this
that's all being worked out right now uh of of of how to handle the in the virtual
versus in-person part um I hope people like yourself will be there um I myself
I will try to be there this year we'll see how it works out July is an awfully busy month awfully busy but uh I'm
looking forward to it and I'm looking forward to seeing a lot of uh new people there um and as well as some of the
people I've met in the past it' be good to seeing them again as well but it's always nice meeting new people it it's a
great program to introduce people to astronomy in the night sky people make friends at this event a lot and it's it
you know you you can make friends from literally uh people that are from around the world and uh see some great talks uh
you know go to their starq go to uh you know their after hours events you know
that they have and uh including uh they always have a star party so it's it's U
pretty amazing stuff and um so you definitely want to be hooked up with the
astronomical league and you want to go to the Alcon event so if you can at all make it you bet you I'm sure John gos
will be there and I I plan to be there as well so okay thanks thanks so much thank you
all right uh we've been up here in the United States it's time to go down to the southern hemisphere uh to Caesar
brolo um and uh we used to call him 100 m an hour Caesar and that's because he
would be out on his balcony in Buenos Aries uh sometimes with some very high
winds but uh uh still making images with his telescope set up Caesar likes to
encourage people to observe from the city uh to observe from their balconies from their backyards you know and uh and
and then when they can to go to some really cool star parties and go where it's dark uh Caesar lives in Argentina
where he has the best of both worlds um and works at a telescope shop which I
can let him tell you all about yeah thank you Scott uh by in
invite invite me again and it's a pleasure share the sky from
Wes with with people in anywhere uh and it's a pleasure tonight
uh we are lucky because we was expecting uh to have um a storm coming earlier but
the storm is go is coming from the southwest but slowly
and at this moment we don't have uh big clouds really is it's a clear sky well
let me show you h a picture a live picture of tarantula
nebula um that h i tooken now this is a a a
live stack can you can you watch uh get er my screen yes here okay here is the
nebula and now we have a 12 minutes of
exposion uh actually I do have a gray polar alignment and this is why when do
you when you or I use the live stock system in Shar cap uh this is the part
of the picture that I losing here you can see but I am expecting that because
all the stars are lined up yeah yes yes this nebula is in the region in the
region of uh um the big balani cloud a
really um uh a great nebula really really big really bright and it's in
another galaxy because the the big maganic cloud is an accessory Galaxy
it's a nebula that we can we can watch
from here to another galaxy with details and are at uh one
160 one sorry yes 160,000 uh like years um it's really
different the the distance because uh maybe you know that Oreo nebula it's
only uh 1600 like years uh or you know uh it's a
distance different um maybe tonight that we were talking about the age distance of the
universe is very interesting to consider this well I'll stop the in 14 minutes
I'll stop the exposition I'm using a very
very small very very small um you know very
very small number in the game of of the camera the S the sensibility
of the camera I'm using an small amount
of number of sensibility and another thing that I using very uh
changing let me I'll stop the the the
stack I st to stacking sorry the the image here
save here and now we are
watching stop okay now it's a it's a live image okay the the another image
that I show you was stacker image okay I put the
game to watch in a single
pictures and I I will center
now the change that the that the people can see is of course that I'm changing
the gain of the camera the sensibility the electronic sensibility and the
um the the time of Theos time uh okay
I'll move this is the best way to show
because I'm moving the telescope Scott and you can see that this is new
this is live you can see the difference between
yes you can see the star Trails there this is a live tra yes and something
that is great because you have an area of the the large Megan Cloud next week
if we are still lucky to have a um clear
skies I put uh my camera with an open
open um field of vision a more open field of
vision to show maybe the shape of the of the galaxy of
the and I using a a strong narrow band filter maybe to show
a a a a more F of view uh image um of
course that it will be great to show to the people where is the nebula inside a
Galaxy very near to to our galaxy to way
this is a a really a a precious stud ER Treasure of of the of the sky in in uh
our hemisphere because it's it's really very interesting and maybe uh let
me try if I can show you with more
contrast I live image you can see the neity sorry that
it's not easy but maybe if I
change here maybe maybe you have a yes I
change I change this position and the game because when you change
the of course here
okay Caesar let's give the audience a little bit of an idea of where you are
and what the light pollution level is uh where you are um is the most highest
number that you can imagine I can see only at Naked Eyes no more
that oh sorry too much no more that Seven Stars really that's it nine nine
and one of those stars is the moon I'm kidding yeah yes yes yes okay
he yes you can see this that's cool you can get the planets and the moon of course but uh uh yes yes only seven
stars it's like uh that's like downtown New York or um yes may even Las Vegas
you know so absolutely absolutely and now we are watching
and it's it's incredible really to to have this kind of of
image yes I prefer here with more G oh sorry this is like pollution because
here you can see yeah the shape like the this is the something like you can
imagine like the the legs of the tarantula um you know that this is a not
processive image this is a a single a single
view of of the nebula um this is something Magic this
is something similar when you watch the nebula here in the city or maybe maybe
not in the city maybe in a more rural areas with with more uh with less uh
light pollution where you can see the same size the same the same details
sorry not size uh of the nebula but it's difficult now to me with
uh the right number to to show to the people more details because the the
nebula is lower in the horizont and you know um but if you like
we can try in in few minutes I don't know how many times I I talk in my
presentation but uh maybe five now we can um process a first level image that
I took the last image that I took if you like um we need
to change this I think you probably have some
final images that you've processed um and uh you know uh you might show those
just to give an idea of what what is possible from um you know doing
astronomy from your balcony absolutely and it's something that we can um we can uh
yeah share now okay now uh I
open yes maybe in five minutes we can process very fast a image to see the
final image something that that I us here okay
well I share okay and I share again we can see his telescope back there he's
got a he's got scientific iOS 100 and a
ed80 uh refractor um yes what's that on top what is what do you have on top of
the telescope uh uh now I don't using that that is my
my mini guider telescope Auto guider today you don't need more that a small
telescope for guiding and it's it's a beautiful time for for astronomy here
you can see the camera this is the camera the second camera that I don't use now and the mini guid all is very
easy you can for the people sometimes the people think that is impossible but
this is a entry level very good mod very easy to to carry in your plane if you
take a a tri a trip in in the plane this telescope is so small like this when
you H fold it's like something for very short and you can put in your in know H
pad bag uh it's really really fine if you like I try to to make a very very
fast process let's see a quick processing of of a single phase
yes of course because it's a single frame is is is is
fast this is so gratifying too because as Caesar said he he can't see more than
as he said about Seven Stars up in the sky and this setup like this you know if
you're in the city all the time and you love astronomy uh to be able to get out and to you know it's like it's like
lifting a curtain away you know uh to be able to see deep Sky objects through your telescope with a uh you
know even a a relatively modest setup like U uh like what Caesar has but uh
with all the computer technology that we have today the software and filters and
all the rest of it you can do some amazing work from the city
yes I need to know no it's not
okay
okay oh
my I some people are asking Caesar is that
nebula just tell me is that nebula in another galaxy was this a nebula in yes
in another galaxy another galaxy there you go yes it's the tarantula right
tarantula nebula yes tarantula neb huge huge nebula absolutely
yes I don't know why ah okay okay soorry you'll find it yes I
don't know because maybe we change where I I the
the I try if not captur
okay this is in the large me atantic Cloud um and
um it was discovered by Nicholas Lewis de
laal I think I'm pronouncing that correctly an expedition to the Cape of Good Hope between 1751 and
1753 he catalog cataloged it as the second of the nebula of the nebula of the first
class it's nice um which are nebulosities not
accompanied by any Star visible in the telescope of uh two feet okay well I
think you're going to see even in this 80 millimeter scope you're going to see some Stars here
um the uh distance let's see if we have a distance
for some nebula they they have a tough time measuring distance
[Music] um
I'm processing all that I can
okay let okay I need to stop here
[Music] okay
okay here we
have I
know the distance to Earth Tula tarantula nebula is roughly 160,000
light years
away I'm trying normally the the live stack um
the live stacking um what do you
say here okay right here we have in three
different
colors I'm starting with
this
oh wellow there it
is and this is just we can TR exposure how long is your exposure 14 14 minutes
was yes okay we try to color
with um and how about the camera what kind of
camera are you using the camera is a a
c605 a camera with a square with a square uh
sensor uh 300 3,000 by 3,000 color uh
sensor the size of of the of the each pixel is is
3.7 microns so John Ray is watching on
Facebook he says this is fun Global star party is evolving into an online astronomy Science magazine great
stuff yeah thank you thank you well it's cool I mean we got you know we have live
uh images from uh uh around the world here um you know
all of us in the northern hemisphere many of us have never seen uh the maganic clouds you know
so yes is it's in in in very dark areas
are really I I
I now I using PL Sal to to
find the yes we TR
cluster if that's
possible these are all techniques that would have been so difficult to do in
the 80s and the 90s yes when we use H films this is
incredible now yes we are we are developing in a live developing uh you
know I try
yes I I choose the red color the red Channel
okay
the people can see all my my wow yeah the the the most fun thing
is that I have the the bar of the presentation of the zoom and right now
okay yeah sorry
perfect well it's not a perfect a perfect H process for tonight but maybe
yeah but look at all the stars oh and this is NE we are going okay yes yes
more neity um yes of course that it's not perfect this is just one frame one frame
okay yes it's one frame of or it's a live stacking or of of a single uh
[Music] five nice Sorry by by
this but here do you have do you have a h more details yes I'll show you very
very fast a a better picture of of uh
this I have changed to my presentation very very
fast and I'll show you how a picture that I took yesterday okay of the same
nebula but it's not perfect but maybe you have a much
better a much better uh you know um view of the
ne so you get you're getting uh some nice comments here Caesar
Jeff wise claims that you have bordal 12 Skies is that
possible yes yes it's possible maybe during the day you are you are watching that it's possible well here here I this
is the the the the presentation that I have prepare prepar prepar did this of
if um we was having to have a a ah if
you didn't have clear skies okay yeah yes very first uh all right pict go
through this yes yes the pictures of Katara two months ago katamar star party
here you can see this is dust in the floating because we had a very very
strong wind in the day but the the night was really great but with a very a a a
portal tree but uh with a lot of D of dust floating in the in the in the air
uh we have a great great H time uh more
than 80 people in katamar
rodo we have a a special work with ex 100 month using with
Nina um we make a a great um we have fun with this here with the
people here my telescope in katamar cool explor intific
equipment more people the explor scientific
Corner very nice and we have a the the
clip we was really really happy enjoying the partial eclipse in
Katara um I uh we we give to the people
materials um Sol solar Jades to make filter for telescopes
and and solar sunglasses for for for every
participant really we enjoy a lot a lot uh the the solar
eclipse the people making their own filters because we make a an special
inor and special working in filters
here our customers ours very vibrant astronomical Community down there yeah
absolutely absolutely really we enjoy a beautiful place with our friends uh
really was a great part
here do do have oron and opposite side
oh that's right it's upside down yes yes yes remember this if you can
hear more pictures all with cell phones we don't use more reflex camera to to
take pictures of the people what part yes it's great it's great it's
great yes the name smon are getting so smart
yes absolutely this is here H Scorpios
and here is the the the soutern well I don't remember
the name of this but foric uh in English I don't remember but this in nor you
have something similar um our friend uh gabri Goa his
physics in one of of the of the TS they very very great
TS and um a picture that what was not the idea to take this picture but but uh
what was great this not a great picture but was only to use yes in the in the in
the workshop of Nina and ex 100 we take this only for try and was a
great A great experience and this is my the picture of
of the of the eclipse from katamar and another galaxy some well
this is something that last last St party I I can participate because I
supported to people that they needed to to take a um a um takes more takes of of
a of affirmation of a filming of a documentary and this is was in my
backyard in my welding in my will and my tower where I live
um well we are making all this kind of prises thing and of course that
something that uh we had a very very bad rainy
day and these guys Alejandro make this spheres of uh Moon planets and this is
always a part that we of the documentory of people that are are teaching in
astronomy in Argentina of course that in in our St parties never never do you to use
umbrellas but you know this is the was the the condition for this fake star
party but finally we see the moon this is Hae Garcia my friend that they came
to roces and we say okay we can take this this uh this few takes of the
filming because we are together and we H you know we need to complete for these
people that they need more takes of the the filming the idea is that this is is
not in my if not we talk to the people that this is still in in
our bash grandar party Mendoza yes well that's that's Hollywood
effects so yes but finally this is real yes yes you know and this is real
because H we found the moon uh in a in a hall between the the the clouds oh um
good yes the the effect start party finally was a a small real St party in
the end was very very fun with the the filming team um get people that normally
we we are customers and friends that came here to to my home and uh well this
is my setup that is the same that I have now and um um this weekend I took a
picture with the same payment of the sunspots that tonight um this week is
really really strong the solar activity for all people that are interested in
take pictures of the of the sun use a safe use safe um solar filter yes and
with a very very cheap uh telescope um a a safe solar fish that are not expensive
you can get get a a great pictures using your
smartphone look the details sorry this is with the same equipment
with with solar uh filter with the same wow look at all the great yes Sunspot with yes with the
same telescope same Mount yes yes this was because we my
father was with me in in father have 85 years old and actually is really every
time more interested and I I give him a new telescope yeah uh and he's really
happy he's made his own M totally um
inspired in in a asimut mod like a nano asimut uh explor scientific mode because
he similar to design that's yes yes yes next week I I show you a picture pleas
well here it's um it is more it's a
picture of yesterday yeah with the with the and this is from your balcony right
yes absolutely absolutely in the here you have a more
complete I prepare I prepare a more more H complete ER picture um well well um
process a picture for next week because um I prepare another another ER pictures
especially for okay to show to the audience uh of this nebula because I
have more material to process but this is a very very fast process that only to
show the shape of the nebula right well here is very interesting because I use it from here H
an small planetarium camera um to oron from not from the
balcony if not from the from the Rough Top and I took this picture of oron but
with a planetary camera it's very interesting because it's very yeah yes very cheap
cheap planetary camera this very important yes wonderful Caesar thank you
well thank you sorry about the time because Rober is a way to he is waiting that's
right hi Rober how are you we're gonna bring him on right now that's right good yeah yeah yes I I ready to enjoy the the
robber with incredible incredible
L yeah that's right that's right that's wonderful that's great thank you very
much thank you thank you for coming thank you very much to the audience and it's a pleasure share the this guy with
yeah wonderful wonderful okay um Robert
Reeves is a world-renowned uh uh astrophotographer and lunar photographer
uh he is I think he probably knows more about the you know
intimately understands and the Dynamics of what goes on with the moon and and uh
knows the terrain like no one else um so there's got to be I don't know Robert I
think maybe there's only a handful of people that might understand it as well as you do um there was a uh comment uh
kind of leading in that that Sim similar uh vein there John Ray is watching on
Facebook and he said Caesar makes me wonder in the statistical sense what
percentage of the human population is as aware of astronomy as we are and he's
talking about all the the amateur astronomers that would be watching right now uh I read many years ago that only
1% of the human population had ever knowingly observed the planet Mercury
what do you think about that Robert well I've heard that statistic as well and I think it's very believable because uh uh
Mercury just doesn't stand out like Venus you know does it's not in your face or it doesn't have the Intrigue
that Mars does uh you know when when Mars is up it gets a little bit of press
but Mercury pops up every couple of months then Ducks into the morning sky and comes back and kind of sea back and
forth and really doesn't have a good press agent because uh it's so insant
marketing it does it does but uh I'm I'm glad to be here tonight uh was racing
across the state of Texas to get back here in time uh got home while John gos
was uh halfway through his and uh threw together probably my most disorganized
presentation yet because I just barely got here in time uh chasing across the
state of Texas to uh pick up another load of those lunar orbiter pictures
back the the back seat of my F-150 is stuffed with hundreds of lunar orbit of
pictures I haven't even had time to bring them in yet so uh it's going to be an interesting uh week as I sort those
out but in the meantime um I think the theme of your presentation is the age of
the universe well sir yes you said that that that the Moon is a is a great um uh
you know uh stage to talk about the age of the universe little bit of a yard stick
because we can see it we can look up with our own eyes sure and the Moon is just a little bit older than the excuse
me just a little bit younger than the solar system uh the moon was formed oh
probably 150 excuse me million years after the solar system
so it's been around almost as long as as our solar system so um that uh yard
stick is about onethird the age the known age of the universe about 4.6 uh
million years for our solar system uh the universe what 3.2 billion years I
think is the figure kicked around so about onethird the age of the of the universe we can look up and see an
object with our own eyes the rising full moon and see features on it that are
almost 4 billion years old and we can see that with our own eyes so we can look up and see uh something that's been
around for onethird the age of the universe as we know it so the grand
experiment go to screen share and see what happens here okay and
uh are we seeing my postcards from the Moon yes we are hey perfect perfect all
righty all righty boom so um moving on oh come on it's not advancing
we're going to do this the oldfashioned way there we go um ages of things on the
moon now um yeah we will acknowledge that the Moon is only onethird the age
of the of the known age of the universe so we'll we'll deal just within that narrow time frame but uh you know most
of us when we were kids interested in science we also had this fascination with dinosaurs and uh we heard these these
terms like Jurassic and Triassic and Cretaceous these APO of time um uh in
Earth geology where various things happen and U that's that's how
paleontologists you know divide up time as to what happened way back when well
the moon has similar um apox of time and uh we categorize things on the moon in
this manner uh the pretorian aoch was
from almost 4 billion years ago back to the formation of the Moon almost 4 and a
half billion years ago so anything that happened on the moon in the pr nectarian aoch is truly ancient it is some of the
original features on the moon uh the nectarian aoch very brief only 100
million years this is during the late heavy bombardment when uh Jupiter and Saturn entered a 2 to1 gravitational
resonance and shook up the solar system it dusted the inner planets with
thousands of asteroids and comets uh that were dislodged by this gravitational interaction between the
giant planets eventually uh Jupiter and Saturn uh their orbits shifted they're
now not in that 2 to1 resonance uh which is a darn good thing otherwise we wouldn't be here we wouldn't be
surviving the continuous impact of all of these asteroids and comets that would be thrown into the inner solar system
but during this brief period of time uh the giant uh basins were formed on the
moon now uh we can see these with our own eye when we look this picture of the
full moon we see here we see part of the face of the caricature of the man and the moon uh these dark regions the Maria
the lava that is filling up these uh U giant basins on the moon the basins
themselves are almost 4 billion years old so you can look up and watch the
full moon rising above the Horizon and uh look at the very romantic scene But realize the science behind the creation
of this almost at the uh way back near the beginning of our solar
system um the next APO was the emban aoch uh from about 3.85 to almost three
billion years ago uh this was uh when heavy vulcanism was on the moon and it
filled in these basins with dark Basalt and uh paved them over and created uh
the dark areas that make the the character of the man and the moon now slide here in a second I'll U make
an effort to differentiate that the basins that the Maria lie in and the basalt that makes the Maria are two
different features but we'll we'll deal with that in a moment and then we entered the uh u a rather lengthy almost
two billion uh year long aoch the eratosthenian aoch this is where a lot
of the uh post Mario formation cratering occurred on the moon period of almost uh
two billion years and then getting up to the current aoch the cernic aoch from
about a billion years ago to the present and uh during this time um the impact
rate on the moon significantly reduced and U um perhaps U by a factor of 300
over the U earlier aox and any crater formed during this caeran Epoch we we
could tell it's fairly young because it still has the crater Rays radiating out
from it like we see on Tao or cernus so uh let's Advance the slide oh it's
working now and U look at a representation by Don Davis um
astronomical artist Don Davis of what the nectarian APO moon look like uh this is uh the early Moon prior to the
volcanism that altered its face and created U the the Maria we see the giant
basins one on the top the embryon Basin uh over on the extreme right the uh the
Chisum Basin uh all of these basins well not all of them take that
back there's um something like 70 basins on the moon but um um only the low-lying
ones on the near side filled with with Basalt and we can see them now as the character of the man on the moon
and uh uh I've been gone all day long and my cat is being very B sniky about
wning to get into my lap so if you see a cat poking into the field of you that that is Tinker yeah cats cats are
allowed on yeah unless they try and walk across the keyboard like she's trying to do so he'll take control of the
presentation so we we move on a little bit uh into the U embryon aoch um like I
said about .85 billion years ago to a little over three billion years ago and
this is when the Mari forming vulcanism occurred and
uh kind of made the moon moon look like it does today but there's a number of
significant landmarks still missing uh come on cat stay off the keyboard so we
get up to the cernic aoch jumping over the herosian uh this is from about a billion
years ago to the present and now we see the moon has a little more person personality the raid craters Tao and
cernus are are seen and many others as well but they're too small to be seen in
the detail of the small painting so uh we get down to the basics of it all of
these features on the Moon from four billion years ago up to uh today uh are
only formed by two different basic landscape forming processes either uh
an impact by a meteor or an asteroid or subsequent volcanic modification of the
uh uh of the impact U case in point the Maria themselves uh cradled in these
Basin um here in this full moon image uh if you back off enough you can begin to see the caricature of the man on the
moon embrium making his left eye the combines serenus and tranquil us uh
forming his right eye um vaporum in the middle making his nose humorum and the
um um um necturus I mean not necturus um
getting brain locked from too much driving today anyway the Sea of humidity and the Sea of um clouds down in the
lower left kind of form is offset smile so these uh these dark Maria lying in
basins uh you know the basin's almost 4 billion years old the Mario within them
um almost 3 billion years old so then we move on and U like I said the basins and the
Mario laying within them two different features formed at two different periods of
time now uh like I said the Mario Define the face of the Moon and create the
caricature of the Man in the Moon there's 21 of these on the near side of the moon named Maria um 11 were named by
Giovanni rioli back in the 17th century and uh um Moon kind of stayed static for
about 200 years and then in the 19th and early 20th centuries eight more were named and then during the Space Age just
in recent during our lifetime yours and mine um two more Mario were named the
last one uh Marin solarum um between capricus and Kepler crater named in
1976 so fairly recent now mountains on the moon we uh
tend to think of terrestrial mountains as kind of impermanent I mean they look
imposing they look very pretty but as geologists we know they're not going to be around long um Earthly Mountains will
either erode or be altered by changing plate tectonics subduction um U land
masses pulled back under in melted in the interior and uh new uh mountain
ranges build up uh with the Collision of uh crustal plates um this is a process
where where Earthly mountains are continuously uh destroyed and for various reasons and continuously created
but when we look at the moon lunar mountains have been frozen in time for almost 4 billion years uh lunar
mountains like the Alps here uh the caucus mountains on Eastern Mari embrium
all mountain ranges on the moon are named after terrestrial mountains uh the appenines here
uh pointing down toward eroses crater uh the Carpathian Mountains just above
cernus these are all the outer rim of the uh embrium impact Basin so these
mountains were formed almost 4 billion years ago and they have been unchanged since unlike Earth mountains that have
come and gone many times uh these stand pretty much
forever now um jumping up to about a billion years
ago or less uh we can tell the craters on the moon that are fairly new uh less than a billion years because they still
retain their their race structure all craters create a ray structure upon
impact this is the splash of material thrown out in all directions by the uh explosion that creates the crater but
crater Rays fade in time because the constant infall of uh meteoric material
uh solar radiation um coronal mass ejections um impacting uh or interacting
directly with the lunar surface will eventually make crater Rays fade so
after about a billion years they're gone so uh if we see craters with Rays
they're fairly young like cernus um on the right hand side is a big splash um
about 800 million years old uh in the upper right a starus crater a smaller uh
ray pattern but about 200 million years old and if my slides are right yes here
we go um Tao um one of the few um
craters that well we can't see Tao directly with the naked eye but the ray
structure at Full Moon all the radiating Rays Point like an arrow to the Middle
where Tao is so we can see where this crater is because we can see this ray pattern with a naked eye but this one
only 108 million years old uh this is dated by a
um analysis of uh samples returned from the Apollo missions Apollo didn't
necessarily land uh anywhere near Tao but U the uh um these impacts scatter
material across the face of the Moon so when the astronauts selectively picked
up various U samples at the Apollo Landing sites uh the and analyze them
very carefully back on Earth uh we can backtrack a little bit and determine U
the gross origin of some of these things that were literally thrown across the
moon and uh again just kind of backing off a little bit and uh realizing you
know when when you're go outside and uh see that uh beautiful full moon rising I
believe it's a full moon tonight if I uh uh you know it's cloudy here in Texas so
I've kind of lost track but I I think it's one little bit pass full right okay
close enough still yeah it's the last few days have just been beautiful and yeah this morning I took pictures of the
Moon just in in the blue sky with my with my iPhone and and uh it's uh it's
just uh it's beautiful I love that the the when the sky goes from like a you
know a little pink to um to that blue color and the moon just out there it's
just spacular standing there like a neon sign kind of like like this this image
so when when you look at it look at those uh the the the bright southern
region the near Tao these are the Southern Highlands uh these these areas
are are basically pre nectarian uh they date back to the formation of the Moon
uh almost 4 and a half billion years ago and then progress up to look at the
Maria uh formed u a little over three billion years ago and then um continue
your scan um cernus crater nearly a billion years ago and then Tao uh only a
little over a 100 million years ago so you can see uh with your eye features that span virtually the entire age of
our solar system and you can do this almost with your naked eye and certainly with a parab binoculars no telescope
needed to enjoy these these basic features that span the time scale of the
universe or or the solar system I mean um just quickly go through again some uh
to wrap this up features the Alps mountain Plato crater uh uh you
basically around three billion years old jumping up to Tao crater the youngster
um very young only 100 oops what happened here only8 billi a million
years old um AR starus crater about um 200 million years old youngsters um a a
scene across uh the Northwest Northeast uh Atlas and uh um Hercules crater in
the foreground um they were tosan uh uh APO up to about three billion years old
going out toward the Horizon Mari hulum on the horizon the very large broad uh
Mari up there um the hulana Basin formed almost four billion years ago and uh the
lava flows in it a little younger almost three billion so we get a whole time scale across here and uh uh the the
Beautiful Ray structure around cernus just scattered out in all directions uh
U just mesmerizing when you look at this in a telescope anding right now and back to the
youngster cernus excuse me the youngster Tao and uh we see it is uh nested in
between uh some other larger craters below it uh these craters are almost four billion years old so Tao is laying
in this crater field that uh is 40 times older than it is uh a little over 100
million years for Tao to over uh four billion years old for these massive
ruined craters in in the same neighborhood so uh concluding the I like
to say the Moon is not a graveyard for Dead Philosophers and scientists we've
got the names of of of our scientific Elite immortalized on the moon but the
Moon is a dynamic World filled with wonders and scientific Delights if you just take the time to look the Moon is
aailable for viewing most of the month the moon does not require a dark sky the moon laughs at light pollution it
doesn't care you can see the moon from the brightest locations and it's the only Celestial body that humans have
explored in person and through a telescope we can see a details as small
as a kilometer on the moon it's the only world we can get that kind of detail so there's much to love on the moon and I
dearly ask that you all come out and play with me on my playground so it's
been fun and uh uh hope to see you next week yeah wonderful great presentation
Robert that's awesome um you uh um also
I don't think you mentioned your book but uh I and the and the audience have
been mentioning it and I think many of them will be buying that book so well I hope so it's uh if you're interested in
the Moon 00 Pages 422 illustrations non-technical it will take the lunar
novice up to a lunar Authority without U needing to know geology or math no
chemistry it's just the moon as I explained it very similar on our presentations here uh U exploring the
moon with Robert re my name is in the title specifically to differentiate from the many other books also titled
exploring the moon and uh do a title search on Amazon and boom there it is uh
order it it'll be on your doorstep in two days yep so you have a link there whether whatever Channel you're watching
on right now uh and you can U definitely get your copy so Robert thanks again and
uh hope you're not burying yourself under too many U historical lunar photos
well it's it's a real fun Journey uh uh I almost didn't make it back in time because uh the the people I was getting
him from uh they weren't that up on the history of it and exactly what they were
and before I know it there's this whole audience just just pouring over them as I'm explaining them and uh it took me a
while to get out and then drive like heck to get back across the state to get back here in time for tonight but uh uh
it's been a real saving these these very historical uh images and I I think that's wonderful uh I would invite you
uh if you're so inclined to write an article about it for sky at matter magazine I sure will I I saw your your
note and uh I I'm going to um I'm going to do that for you and uh so wonderful
okay next week thank you so much and have a good night Robert and Y he keeps
inspiring us to look at the Moon and uh uh I think it's just wonderful our uh
our our last speaker for the first segment of G Party breacher Ronald the
Astro do he is uh one of the Masters picks insight and he's an incredible
astrophotographer I get uh in my inbox frequently wonderful images of galaxies
and nebula that he's done with his uh with his rigs so thank you for coming on
to Global star party again Ron oh thanks for having me Scott I've been traveling like a wild thing so I missed the last
couple right and last week I was uh teaching yeah you're teaching astrophotography
so uh but I really love doing these things because it always I always look
at your themes and they make me think in ways that I might not otherwise
think oh that's great that's great well wonderful now I have uh David Levy who
will be uh working with me to uh further develop some of these themes and uh you
know he's such a um with all the books and all the the events and lectures that
the man has done uh it's just um it's great to have him at arms length as as
just a friend you know but uh uh now to kind of work with him together on this thing is going to be really cool so
awesome I will let you uh take it away all right well let me uh let me share my
screen with you and uh switch to my slideshow can
you see the slide uh the slide yes I can in presentation mode yeah so in in all
of these presentations like I said I try to um somehow work with what I love to do
which is astrophotography as well as visual observing um and and weave it in with
the themes that you come up with Scott so um tonight I'm going to just
talk about Bach globules in my image and there's a couple of circles on this title slide but we'll get into that in a
minute um the inspiration for this talk is Yan Bach he's was more commonly known
as Bart and uh he passed away in 1983 after a long career as an
astronomer and a teacher lecturer he was a Dutch American and he was best known
for his research on the evolution and structure of of our home galaxy The Milky Way galaxy and for the discovery
of Bach globules and so I thought it would be fun to first of all look at what Bach
globules are and then second of all where are they in my images because I've
taken hundreds of images of regions that ought to contain B globules so let's see
what we can find now every uh I I come on this fairly often and I don't show
these slides every time but I I always get people trying to get in touch with me afterwards so this is uh just so you
know who I am I love to write and teach and two of the things I'm most chuffed
about lately is I'm now a contributing editor for sky and Telescope magazine
and you know just five or 10 years ago I was uh reading that magazine just um you
know it was my go-to magazine with a astronomy magazine now I'm writing for it that's really cool and and uh the Pix
Insight folks have identified me as a PIX Insight Ambassador which means they have confidence in in the way I'm
teaching pix Insight so that makes me feel good too and you can see how good I
feel because this is a picture of me in a happy moment in my Observatory with a a bottle of cider
which my daughter calls wobbly pop so what are
globules well they're dark structures that contain dense gas and dust now in
an image like this um there's lots of dark structures of course but there's
the bach globule they're isolated dark structures they're quite small uh
typically around one light year across sometimes bigger sometimes smaller and having about 10 the mass of about 10
Suns they tend to be found within H2 regions H2 regions are generally
emission nebula that are dominated by hydrogen which gives them this uh
natural pink sort of color and this image shows the Pac-Man nebula it's
probably the first thing most um astrophotographers image that contains a
aach globule because it's a really popular Target very well placed for
Northern observers to shoot and there's that Bach globule shown up
close um it was first suggested by Bart Bach in the
1940s that uh these globules were uh
star birthplaces and he described them as being like insect cocoons now of course
in those days they were working just with visible light and it's hard to tell
what's going going on in an area that by definition is dark invisible light uh so
it wasn't actually until about 50 years later in the 1990s that uh the that it was confirmed
that these um Bach globules were birthplaces of
stars so I went through a whole bunch of my images to look for Bach globules now
um I I'm going to say I did my very very best to confirm that what I'm going to
show you are all Bach globules uh but I couldn't confirm that
sometimes the literature just referred to them as globules but they sure look like it and
if I'm wrong Sumi they're still beautiful to look at so this is the rosette nebula it's
about 5200 Lighty years away and you can see there's a beautiful star cluster at
the center but just above the central doughnut hole there's all these isolated
dark structures and particular particularly the one that's below right
of Center I think is a Bach lobule but you see there's also some up here on the
far left of the image as
well this is uh the pill of creation very very famous it's a part of the
Eagle Nebula this image was made by uh me combining some color data that I had
with some narrow band data from Pete PR one of my partners at masters of pix Insight uh this structure is about
7,000 light years away and uh the height of these pillars
is around 90 trillion 90 trillion kilometers that's a
90 followed by 12 zeros wow that's a big big that's a big
number that's hard to wrap your head around yeah and you know it's easy to
miss these things while you're looking at The Pillars of Creation but if you look off to the right under the 90 here
you'll see another beautiful Bach globul
this is IC 1396 it's a really large emission nebula this image was taken
just about a month or two ago with a very small telescope actually a 60 mm
refractor um remember that for photographing large things you need a
small telescope uh and you can see all the very cool dark structures here some of
which are B Bach globules um but I want to highlight for you within this
image this region here this is uh known as the elephant trunk nebula and there
it is there uh and this again is a very famous globule I couldn't verify this
was a Bach globule it's referred to as a globule here also known as vandenbberg
142 and it shows very very cool structure so cool that I thought I would
blow it up for you one more time so that you can see all the beautiful color and
texture here in the eye of this uh elephant
trunk this is one of the first images that I shot with a color camera for deep
Sky photography this is the Lagoon Le the Lagoon nebula Messier 8 and uh the
Messier designation actually refers to the star cluster that you see the bright stars just left of center uh but you can
see this structure also shows a ton of isolated dark globules these B globules
that might be star factories and here's um another favorite of mine this is the
tadpole nebula IC 410 it's in orri and it's well placed right now for Imaging
if you want to image this again you can see all sorts of isolated black
structures um unfortunately to my eye the most interesting part of this image
of the Tad pules that's these structures to the lower left of center they're also
star factories it's thought that uh there are new stars being created at the heads of the Tad pulse um and they're
about 10 light years in length that's huge uh but that also gives you an
estimate of the size of that dark structure in the upper right it looks also to be maybe about 7 to 10 light
years across and this object is 12,000 Lighty years away from us you
notice that all the structures I've been talking about are in the thousands of Lighty years that's because the uh B
globules were discovered as far as I know all of them were discovered within
our own Galaxy that was what BART Bach was most interested in studying um and
in distant galaxies um it's tough enough to see the emission nebula let alone
small dark structures within them so all of these are in the um you know
thousands or tens of thousands of light years not the millions of light years that galaxies would be from
Earth all of the um all of the bach lobules that I've shown you so far have
been in bright red emission neula emissions from glowing hydrogen but
there's a few uh Bach globules uh and
this is one of them uh that are present in dark nebula or refle reflection
nebula so this region here uh the blue nebula at the far right is Vandenberg
152 and and uh the um the the dark Tube Snake like
structure that goes through the image is a lens dark nebula I'm not sure what the catalog number is but joining them is
this dark structure which is identified as a Bach globule so this is
an example of a Bach globule in a in a a region that is not a bright redion
nebula and here's another one uh this is the dark shark nebula you can see this
the shape of of the shark um and it's only 650 light years
away this dark structure but look at the eye here wow or the snow yeah how how
isolated yeah mouth is open ready to strike he's got a dorsal fin and he's
got these lateral fins and a nice tail and I don't know if you can see it but
right here there's a little Galaxy that's in the far far distance oh yeah
yeah and all these beautiful reflection nebulas so if you go to my website and
uh which is astrod talk.c and you search for dark shark you'll get a high
resolution view of this where you can zoom in and see that little Galaxy up close it shows some uh some cool
structure so um I guess I want to close stop my share and uh close Scott by
thanking you for uh inviting me to think outside the yeah well thank you the
thank you yeah your images are filled with bot globules so yeah they are and it was really fun and uh Dan Haggins is
asking me privately in the chat whether I cut my hair and no I I did not cut my
hair I just washed it later it'll just poof out and poof
yeah it'll go out later that's right that's anyway Scott thank you very much again for having thank you so much
thanks R okay okay so we are going to take a little break um for a few minutes
and we'll be back with marchelo Souza uh we've got marchelo Souza coming on Dan
Higgins from Master World TV Adrien Bradley and John Schwarz so uh hope
you're enjoying the 13 sth Global star party and uh more to
come really quick uh Robert um I wanted to apologize to you
in person I could not remember your segment on the beautiful um pictures of
the Moon and your explanations last week I was trying and I couldn't think of it
but uh so I think I said something like Moon stuff
so it is definitely not just Moon stuff it is
um you know there's uh you show a lot of detail and give us a lot of things to
search for should we want to observe the moon so I wanted to
correct I wanted to correct that uh on global Star Park
party
for foreign
speech
not
still
[Music]
likee spee [Music]
for yeah by the way I'm seeing the chat we've got some pretty good Moon stuff going on it's clear up here it's
also
how long I'm scrambled but I got it
yeah
need your help you
dress
o Jeff that would be so fun to cruise and
do all the major star party uh if you're gonna rock
it okay we are back uh um hope you enjoyed
that little break there and uh uh we've had a fantastic um uh Global star party
so far of course uh starting off with uh David Levy um and uh introducing Bart
Bach who uh gave his lecture on the age of the universe uh if you if you're just
now kind of tuning into Global star party you're going to want to uh watch
this after the broad um the live broadcast so that you can see this segment because it's really
fantastic David AER also gave commentary about box uh uh you know then
1957 uh estimates or information about the age of the universe you know so what
was interesting was is that basically Bart Bach was giving all the right information but the numbers have been
just revised about 20% or so uh Janet Ivy ivy dening uh um gave a
fantastic presentation uh her focus is on youth in
science and astronomy and she just does an amazing job uh her passion in energy and ideas about how to teach astronomy
uh to uh young people um actually I was learning some stuff there so I guess I'm
still young John Goss from the astronomical League was on Caesar brolo had a clear night from his balcony and
getting the tarantula nebula Robert Reeves dashing in from uh uh collecting
some historical lunar photographs and gave a Flawless uh postcards from the
Moon presentation Ronald breacher uh with uh uh you know following on with uh
inspiration for Bart Bach and Bach globules in his images so up next is
marchelo Souza marello is the founder I believe and president of the Lewis cruls
astronomy club he is a professor of astronomy uh a cosmologist um a physics
Professor an amazing Outreach uh educational Outreach U uh force in in
the Southern Hemisphere and uh uh he is the editor of Sky up magazine and he's a
good friend and um so uh we're very happy to have you on you you are you are
just about as regular as anyone on global star party and marchella I really appreciate you uh devoting as much time
to it as you do um uh and also for all the time that you devote to collecting
articles from around the world uh for Sky Up Magazine so um I'm I'm very
excited to learn what's going to be in the next issue hi nice to be here thank you very
much for the invitation Scot thank you for the kind words I hope that in December we are going to have a new
edition of Sky app is almost done have
many actors that are arriving yes and be a fantastic new magazine if anyone wants
to send the contributions you'll be very welcome yes you you analyze the
contribution in uh today i h
i a presentation first I will show what we are doing here we organizing many
Outreach activities here yeah arriving in summer
on a moment I'll share my screen here let's see okay I hope you to
moments here I think that's it it
work okay it's here and I'll show first what we did last
week we are developing a new project here that if everything you work well
during the summer you have new actives hi can you hear
me hi yeah so you can hear you fine marelo
H yes because for me it's frozen here let me see if my computer help me
today only a moment but I will talk about before I can change the the screen
H H now it's is working for me now and something is not okay but I will stop
share share
again a moment sorry sorry that's my computer sometimes
sometimes yes we all get these sometimes now I what
Happ I'm trying to sh change the the screen but it's not to working on a
moment I'll try again is correct one okay now I think
that's it wa yeah you just need to bring it into
presentation mode yes I see your PowerPoint yes I'll do again okay I will
leave the presentation mod and I'll try again I know what is
because some problems with the Microsoft only sorry for no problem no
problem I hope it one moment it's you
that's try
again yes it's here but let me no I don't know why it's this is
happening if it didn't work I sh here but I'll try I will I will close the
once open again okay but I will say what we did because the this week for us we
are we are planning new activ this week because for us this week we have the opportunity to see the sun
overhead we have two times per year because we have directly overhead okay
yes directly overheads and you have we don't have shadows only one two days per week for
will be tomorrow H November
29 is tomorrow 30 Thursday and also in
January you have another opportunity to to see this during
the and the solar and let me wait here the
PowerPoint be okay and this will happen okay it is
okay everything is here let me try again I hope this time it's
sure let me
see is here let me be if you be fixed I don't
know why it's not to work I I'll will try here to do something
different here on a moment okay yeah you can see the slide you can
see it yes the light you can see it it's not in presentation mod you can see it
yes yeah it's okay I I move here something different here in PowerPoint
that will help me to to show better
and I'll do this I don't need to to use this space here I'll bring bigger
here and I'll try to as some think it's not allowing me
to to work with the power point I don't know what's
happen first time that happen for
me so Dan Higgins so marello Dan Higgins says try hitting at the F5 live key to
see if it goes into the presentation mod it's working yeah this is why the the
the activity that you organized last week in one school and there some f
different from we only see like a white um a white
can't see the we do not see the slide at all now no
no I can see here right happen let me go again H sorry no
problem it's and ah perfect we got it working perfect this
was the let me see if I can change these
lights I don't know why I can't send this lights but this why the the presentation in one school that we did
something different here in this school but it's not I I know how how I
do you see you say that if
you I know ah now it's ch yes okay then we
used H telescope a real time image in a telescope in
Hawaii at the school in this moments then the student choose the Galax that
you take the pictures first time that we did this with a big public was the project of the
FX telescope and we see the telescope moving and take the pictures live for
the students of Galaxy then we studed the galaxies in constellation of Leo
this was an opportunity that you had to organize and after this you talk about
the Sun and you have the opportunity to organize a solar observation
there and this is in another place we have five schools that visited the this
place and we organize a special activity of solar observation we 100 kids
there and this was another amazing
experience that you had this a having a presentation for
them and now is what I said for us tomorrow here in comp tomorrow no
Thursday here in comp we have the some overhead and not have shadows and we now
send information for many different seats here for them organize an activity at this moment special moment with the
students to show them the moment that they don't see
shadows and this the sun is very active now and
today we had a big Sola FL is almost a x
class and we have another one that happening this week and then we have uh
soon they will arri here particles and then you have auroras
probably in the south of United State probably because it be they are
predicting that be a strong CME that's coming say action then the sun is very
active I know what happen this is why the this light flare the last flare that
was very strong in the direction of the Earth
I hope we will not have a car event again but the sun is very active
yes now as we are talking about the age of the universe I'll talk very short
about some curiosity about general relativity is some
results these are the original work published by Alber right written by
Alber another physique the first one about the general
relativity and what you have sorry that is in Portuguese that is this that is
the difference because now for us Force the gravity is not a force right
is only we are follow the geometry or the topology of the space time is is a
way to have to understand this way because we are not dealing with a flat
surface and when you are not dealing with a flat surface the the distance
between two dots it's not a straight line is a cve line like in the surface
of a planet on the moon on the earth the distance of the the last distance
between two dots it's a cve according to the geomet
of the region that you are and what we have now that consider
the the universe is have four coordinates have the spaces
and time then we have space time and the ma mass and energy can modify the the
topology of space time this is way traditional way that you
we measure the distance between two dots in ukian Geometry that is x² y
Square Z Square then you you now you have the distance between this two dots
and but in a different geometry you need it to Define how that
you can measure the distance of two dots this is the equation that allow you to
measure this and the light
ever cross these regions and the distance following the way that you need
the small time less time between the two dots this is a h the H of
nature then how that you understand this way short where you have two persons now
in a apple here they don't know that the apple is schol then they ask they have a
challenge to walk parallel each between each other ever but what happen they
will meet the top of the Apple
as they don't know the CV they can imagine that a force that made them be
closer but we can see here that you don't have any kind of force is only
because of the geometry of the vision that they were walking H make them to be closer is same
thing that you can imag for the universe what is happening then we have the AR equations you have one part of
is geometry of the space Ty and the other is a mass and energy and the mass
energy can change the the space
time like this then when what was a
straight line now it's not a straight line and the light ever use the the the way that you
need need last time to go from one dot to another from one region to another
region then we have other results from and one of the result is this when the
lights pass near this this start they change the direction and when you look
from for example from the earth you see the start in different position the effect of the the gra that
was predicted by Ein but why I'm talking about this this why is a measure that
they did this are the prediction of Einstein the measure happened here in
Brazil and if you have for example a two Galaxy very far from us one Galaxy in
front of the other Galaxy the the Galaxy that is
behind the light of this gxy change direction in many different
directions and you see things like this that's a gra the Galax that is closer to
us act as gravitational gravitational lens then having this here is cross of
Einstein the four image that you see here H around the the first one that's
in the middle they don't exist they are images from a from an object that is
behind this this one that's in the middle then you can see four different
one here is your icing ring that is if you have it exactly
behind then the light moved in the different directions around the one that
closer then you see a ring around this image that is I gravitational L but the
universe is expanding as we see now as we know and the when the univers is
expanding the distance the Galax ER begin to
be more distance distance grow between these
G and the H Hubble was using the result
from V Leaf he proved that Galaxy that are very far from us not in our local
group they move is moving away from us
and you can measure this using measuring the red shift you use
spectroscopy and then the light that arrive here you know now the lights H
when you have H using spectroscopy you can see
the lines for each elements that compos for example the atmosphere of star and
then when she's moving away the position of this line move then you'll know if
this object is coming in our direction or moving away this is called red shift
and then and the hble pro that it will have a relation
between the distance of the movement of this Galax and the the red sh the distance of
the Galaxy and red sheet it's like something this what
happens yeah you can see here yeah this is what's happening with the the universe the sponsy and the object
moving away from each other but what is C curious about this
this you know is something that you call moving distance there the distance
between two objects that for example we measure
today and what happened the univers expanding then this distance between the
two objects is growing as the university expanding and
you have a a factor a scale factor associated with expansion of universe
that you will say for us in uh in the future what will be the
distance between these two objects this we call the proper distance that this
distance of the two objects in the future because you have a scale factor
that you multiply plus the distance that we move
today move distance that this will not change we change by this Factor this
factor and what's curious about this and the H parameter is associated with the
SC factor and then you can measure then defining the SC Factor but what's Curious is this one
what is the size of the observable universe is more than 90 million 90
billion light years this is our the diameter of the observ
universe we are we are here in the middle of this image the center of this image then the radius is is is almost
four a little more than 45 billions light years this is the size of
the observ univers radius and many of these Galax that or these objects that
are very at this distance that limit of this observ universe is moving faster
than the velocity of the light from us this is prohibited by the theory of
relativity the from Einstein then it's something
that many people don't understand what's happening because how an object is moving faster than light from us and we
know that that you know the red shift then you know the velocity of this object moving far from us and you have
your object moving faster than the velocity of the light in a vacuum that is the maximum
velocity of an object in our universe only light radiation can move in this
velocity you cannot reach this velocity how does have object moving faster than
this then this is something very curious because what's happening is think that
you can imag that is not only the object that's moving it is space the space time
that is changing also the space time is also changing they are the space time is
growing also then and if you can measure only velocity of the Galaxy is not
faster than lights but you have to also to consider that the space time is
growing that's a different process then you reach this kind of
velocities then something very curious that when you talk about the university
expanding they imagine something that is not usual that
appears this and this is the am that this fantastic event thank you very much
Scot for the opportunity and soon we have a new edition of sky
and you be a fantastic thank you thank you very much for invit a great a great
pleasure to be here thank you very much marello uh that's great now let me ask
you a question okay and I I had the opportunity to see Allan Sandage okay
Alan Sandage worked was a I guess a Protegé of Edwin Hubble and Alan Sandage
was um still living uh and giving Le lectures um and I was at um I think it
was an Astronomical Society the Pacific meeting uh maybe in the early 90s or
late 80s something like that and I got to ask Alan Dr Sandage what would happen
Okay he he was giving giving us an idea of the diameter of the universe and now we know it we understand it to be much
larger than than what it what the number were before but I said what if I could
somehow fly to the edge okay if I could fly to the edge from
where I am right now to whatever that edge is okay and then I got out my telescope and
my uh spectrograph and I started to make measurements what would I see if I
looked all all around if I did a sky survey what would I see you see everybody moving away from
you right and that's what he said exp and that I mean mind was blown
at that point and thing that I didn't say that I remember now is that this is
observable universe but is not the limit of the universe ah because you have part
of universe that is that we can't see because you have a a Event Horizon h
the Galaxy job that is after this event horizon the light of the object didn't
reach us don't reach us then we can't see then
what this is the difference we have the observ universe that this now we imag
that have the diameter of we we feel us
in the center of the universe yeah we feel like dier like more than 90 90
billion light years but have probably many things after these limits that you
don't know what is you don't know galaxies and yeah we
don't know the real size of the universe we only know we only know our
limits uh until where we can see
after this you can't see this information didn't reach don't reach
us then something that okay is May
but we need to make observations because the theory it's not a Clos model we have
many problems with Theory then maybe in the future we have another understand of
the universe but is the best mother that have today that we have right now oh yes
well if your mind isn't blown right now I I don't know what will blow
so Cesar thank you or marel thank you so much thank you my pleasure thank you yes
all right okay so uh okay so we are U we had uh we got
to see the cosmologist come out in and and marelo doesn't like for me to
say this but Dr marelo Susa okay he is a cosmologist and and uh and he's a good
one so uh we're really fortunate to have him on global Star Party
regularly uh up next is Dan Higgins from Astro World TV uh he is preparing for
the second astop paloa and uh Dan uh you want to come on and tell us all about it
sure how's it going everybody yeah I am totally blown away marello
man man that brilliant start hanging out with the cosmologist and and it gets it
gets way out there so it got out there not only did it get out there it got further away too it got further away in
fact it got so farther away that we can't even see it anymore it's gone it's going faster than the speed of light
possible Rand the kessle running 10 Parx right so I know Chuck Allen also gives a
great lecture about this and uh you know he describes these boundaries and you
know so it's it's a it's amazing it's amazing it's yeah it is amazing it's
amazing so great great job to all the presenters so far marello great job I don't know how I'm gonna follow this up
but uh but um so I'm I'm gonna make it a little light here so like I normally do
if you know you know if you've seen the show whatever and and you know we've seen all these wonderful pictures of the
Moon of the galaxies of of uh you know your gravitational lensing which you're
not you know you're probably not going to get with your backyard telescope but I mean you know you sit there and you kind of Wonder and if you're new to this
type of thing this this this lifestyle that we call astrophotography it's kind
of kind of tough to get into it sometimes especially if you don't you know know anybody you know it's it's
very it's a very Niche kind of area of of of of of I call I don't even call it
hoby anymore because your lifestyle changes you're up at night it's a lifestyle it absolutely is you know and
and and if you have issues you know come down to the show and and watch us just talk about astrophotography we do shows
on Fridays and Mondays um Scott I was looking at the the last date that you were on believe it or not it was three
years ago really it was three years ago it was the last time time has gone by
quick tell we we went through and over Co the last
time yeah you know co uh created a whole time warp for a lot of us you know
so uh very strange I don't I don't want to go through another pandemic ever no
I'm done once a lifetime I'm good once in a lifetime that's good enough that's right we don't need twice so who knows
what the next uh epidemic could launch oh no new platform Holograms yeah you
know what you know what it's going to be virtual reality you know Imaging you know you're going to be you going to be Imaging in your
your bedroom you know it's going to be just your shower I would love to see myself doing that right out the bedroom
window yeah there you go just look and it gets imported in all around you you're living in the universe but um but
tomorrow I mean I just I just got a really good news tomorrow night and I'm
gonna I'm gonna show uh something really quick here um now this was taken um at
NE last year and this gentleman is is Jeff his name is Jeff and he's from dark
dragons astronomy and um he's going to be on the show tomorrow night I know you
can't hear it I'm just I'm just playing it so sure it's it's an an observatory
uh you know it's a rollof roof model that uh it was really ingenious and it's
super light this is the floor mod so it looks kind of like like shot with the with the wood and everything this they
actually put together at e and so um that's cool yeah so it's it's your basic
rolloff roof but it's fully safe and fully run fully ascom everything and
he's going to be on the show tomorrow night so if you want to come and hang out with us tomorrow night uh you're
more than welcome to do that at asteral TV on YouTube so um uh it's gonna be a
lot of fun I met him at NE he's a great guy if you follow him on Tik talk I think it's dark dragons Astro he's super
funny guy too so he's a lot of fun but we are going to I'm gonna put
that link right here in the chat so you guys want to bookmark that and uh what time
will you guys be on tomorrow uh tomorrow's 9ine tomorrow's Wednesday so it's 900 PM Eastern okay um and then
Friday we do the beginners night um and we kind of talk about we do uh uh con me
and Eric one constellation each usually and try and find some things in constellation to image some sometimes
it's really hard try and find something in eilus you know it's kind of kind of rough to find uh in some random parts of
the sky actually some things I can take a picture of uh but um on uh December
9th um you can see up in the top leftand Corner uh we have astop loser to coming
up and I know Scott you're G to be there right um and uh it's December December
9th December 9th I was like confused December 9th okay all right so um let me
see if I can get the lineup here for us let me see if I could do this and uh
I'll get me oh wow I got a lot of overlays here let me see if I can get rid of this real quick um
layers let's get rid of me go away there we go all right so uh
here's the lineup and it just disappeared on me here it
is boom boom there you go so uh there it is so so we got a huge lineup this year
and this is starting at 2 pm Eastern it is literally going to be like eight hours of some of the best in the
business including who was just on the show before the break uh Ron breacher
and the Masters of pix insight uh is going to be on as well and we're also giving away free masters of pix
Insight workshops all day uh so that's going to be cool we also got a uh signed
uh book from Charles Bracken the visible Universe along with if you if you saw it
at NE and niak he had a picture of his all sky photo which encompasses and I
might mess this up of two hour panels 139 different panels oh my God and it's
an all Sky taken with I think three telescopes across the entire planet and
it's all overlaid and if you haven't seen it go check it out it's on um the
visible Universe website I believe it's um um visible Universe okay yeah visible
universe and that's the name of the book but um it's it's really amazing it's a nice book but we got we got Trevor Jones
we got Dylan O'Donnell Sean neelson Astro Stace obviously Scott M of pcks
insight Charles Bracken Dr sass we got Primal luche lab coming down the show some of their new stuff and the infamous
Wayne Parker from skyshed observatories is going to be on as well so it's going to be a huge event they're all doing
about 30 minute to 45 minute um presentations and uh it's going to be a
lot of fun again we did it last year it was it was a long show was nine hours but it's long it was it's long
it's long you know it's it's I think I said it last week I did end the show with a shot of whiskey I might have to
end it with two this year but uh just leave the bottle there
but if I did that we'd be in trouble after about three hours so you know they
do have that show I think it's on YouTube where they have movie stars or whatever and they get them drunk and oh
yeah and then they they have to answer like uh questions about history or
something you know so you know you know and I saw I saw something with we always talk about on the show on on our show
and your show as well about our expanding of knowledge of the universe and the things around us and and and all
that type of stuff so I'm watching I'm of course I gotta bring hockey into this so so I'm watching the Islanders game
right the other night and they they took people from all over the league right players making millions of dollars
whatever you big time players and they said it's like name three so name three
and so so so there's a topic you got to name three things in that topic first thing was like three movies
second thing was like three Harry Potter characters third thing was three
planets oh can I tell you there was 20 people that did this yeah one quarter of
them said the moon was a Planet
well world it was planed by the it is a world that's like saying Pluto is a
planet I mean go on I I'll take Pluto as a planet let's well we could that's a
discussion for another time I I did I did a whole write up on that when College you know I was like you
know yeah well that's that's a very touchy subject with me say something
gentlemen absolutely John go right ahead no I was GNA say you might want to get
Seth showstack because you know the moon could have been planted here you never
know it could have been so you know just like you know Superman went around backwards around the planet a couple
times you know and made it made it go back in time you never know maybe maybe it was dragged in from outside the solar system
and just parked here you know definitely could it was it was a creation yeah yeah
yeah but uh but it's funny yeah I mean I thought it was funny and then there was
some people that said uh um they that only named one but anyway they only
named one planet and it wasn't even the Earth but yeah people forget their standing on
one right you know I remember some when I was working in in a telescope store in
a shop somebody said said you know it it
says I could only see eight planets with a telescope when know that was when oh
my God okay I was like why can't why can't ic9 I said point it
down so he's like oh but anyway um I
know it's late I know it's an hour late and I know we want to move on and get get the show going on but thank you
Scott so come on and hang out with us to astop ploa see see us tomorrow night on
uh with dark dragons Astro and uh just come on and hang out you know on Friday night for beginners night it's it's a
lot of fun so awesome but thank you Scott have a good night well thanks for gracing us here with h your presence
here and we look forward to more AST World TV and the astrop paloa thanks for
having me Scott appreciate it take care bye bye all right bye bye take care later okay so up next is uh our night
sky photographer our landscape photographer um our artist photographer
as well Adrien Bradley it's me can you guys hear me okay we hear you just fine good
you're out there in the Milky Way dude yeah that's pretty much where my head is at um my opening commentary we're
talking about the size of the Universe um of course that you know
where we are um sometimes folks's universes are only as big as their
experiences and what I try to do rather than talk about the entire size of the
universe and then all the theories we've heard about do we really know how large
it is um or I use my photography to just try and just try and point at things
that you can see with your naked eye realize how far away they are and say to
try and say the universe is bigger than all of us and see if that gives try and
give some perspective whenever I do Outreach I typically get sort of the you know the I
don't believe I'm seeing this I you know it's sure how far away is it it blows
people's minds for the couple of hours that we're doing the Outreach tomorrow
brings along its own problems and you know it sticks with some of with some of
us it it's something that we want to learn more about I do hear a lot of you
know I want to learn how to use this telescope or lately it's I want to learn how to do
astrophotography but to do astrophotography one of the things either it's going to take a lot of time
money both um you do have to be committed to doing that sort of thing
and um there are a lot of things in the universe that are you know as because of its size there's so much that's out
there that you can image um I will go ahead and share my screen
um I will share just the screen because I think that'll
work and there's my email that I'll put away and then I'll bring it back because
I want to go oryan I saw that nice yeah barard too you know it's nowhere near
it's it's not quite near the uh Brilliance that uh when Maxi comes on
you see this total solar eclipse but this view is the most breathtaking view
I've seen of our universe is and captured it
using a um you know modified camera so I could get all the ha um that's all of this nebulosity
that's around Orion shows up this part of the Milky Way shows up which you
hardly ever see when you're in my climate you hardly ever see it there's
more to that I haven't even this is the rosette which is a very popular Target
but I like actually do like this image to talk about size of the universe you'll see this rosette blown up
beautiful images of it by a lot of deep space astrophotographers but if you compare it
to everything else from our point of view it's it's not very big it's this
sort of a pinkish dot with you know white in the center you a lot of these
the horse head that everyone loves is so small it's here and then you can see the
Orion Nebula over here there's the companion ngc1 1977 this big loop which I believe folks
are saying it may be a supernova Remnant Barnard's Loop um is a large structure compared to
these others this nebulosity here Lambda orionis this uh Giant and look out you
know the size of the star fatal juice compar it to the size of the irion
nebula now there's a lot more because of distance there's you know sizes may vary
this is compared you know to where we're looking but the larger you know 1.3 Lighty years
across as opposed to you know it's very much a giant and would swallow up our
solar system but even though the two look kind of similar in size from our
Vantage Point that's a whole lot larger and it it starts to make you think you
know this is a pretty big hill if I jump from here I'm probably jumping to my
Doom but the size does not compare to the size of this star right
here which uh this is star serus which I think is uh I want to say it's eight
light years away and is a blue giant um there the Scale of the Universe
sometimes um blows us away all of these stars that are here all of them could
have well won't say all of them depends on where they are and you know but all of these Stars could have worlds going
around them you when we when we process images um and I don't know if I'm moving
this would if this gives more of the image makes it visible but when we
process um if we're just going for pretty pictures we might take a lot of
stars out we say well we're we're focusing on certain things this is zodiacal light by the way for those who
have not seen it naked eye it is you know along the plain of our galaxy uh
the spring solstice and the fall I think it's the spring and the fall equinox I
said Solstice but that's for winter and summer um spring and fall equinox the
plane of the Galaxy and the dust that is along the plane of the Galaxy can be seen at an
angle um Orion actually sits near the um
ecliptic this is basically the ecliptic you've got m44 here which is in cancer
which is one of our you of course one of our zodiacal zodiac signs and Leo is
back here these are the stars of Leo do believe this is regulus right here Leo's
following there's cancer and there's the stars of Gemini so this zodiacal light always goes along
the plane of the ecliptic you know our plane of the Galaxy planets will end up
here and the moon always ends up when you see the Moon you tend to see it along this line and um but the distance
between what we can see in our solar system compared to how far away this is
um it's uh it can blow your mind and we're getting all of this from just
looking at one image and finally dwarf you know dwarf
galaxies um we would have to go just about equidistant to how high
Rion is above this Horizon down below below screen about that same
distance maybe a little more and you would see the melenic clouds of the Southern Hemisphere um this picture is
taken from Oklahoma the further south you go the more of the lower part of the
the southern parts of the Milky Way galaxy you see and um you know and it
goes out it goes out as far as you can imagine unless you read Publications
where um science is done to try and figure out just how large we can we
figure out how large our observable universe is is and then realize we you know we have a certain limit to what we
can see and to me all of it is just humbling so
um really quick I will close that because I didn't wantan
to um I wonder how far the center of our
galaxy is Sagittarius 30,000 light years 30,000
30,000 light years and yet you can see it like this and you can see it like
this 30,000 years and all of this this
image a little I'll say it's a little overdone but it's remniscent of the type
of images where you process it in order to make the Milky Way your
star and when you when you process like this you do see a lot of nebulos
that really is there um and this is a
pretty decent dark enough sky this these are really you can see these
naked eye and even M11 shows up um I do believe right about here is
M11 M 17 M16 a lot of Shar objects here yes your
your work it just for me it's like I mean astrophotography is awesome in
its own way it's but when you take your pictures it really brings me to that
place like I'm actually out there with you and we're seeing this just going man is this how far it's like right yeah
that's my goal with all of my images yeah um to show what's there and make it
the star and you know for those of us that are in Northern clins you're seeing
an image of the milk way here you know with my modified camera that shows a lot
of regions this region was used for a study to try and find
exoplanets you know B's window is somewhere near there a couple
of globular clusters I don't think they quite show up here but that's the window
through which all this dust and gas you're seeing it's a window through which we can actually see closer to the
center the galactic center of course in and around where this star is is sort of
a pointer to the area where the galactic center is but from our vantage point in Earth can't see it now if you're at a
good night and a good dark site you'll see this nebula or this not well nebula
this um cluster which is the butterfly I don't know if I can zoom in it doesn't
look like that little thing is m6 this is M7 tmes cluster over here
here you're seeing The Lobster Claw the catspaw and the prawn nebula the rest of
the Scorpion in there's a cluster down here I think this may be it um the rest
of the Scorpion comes down and sweeps down to the Horizon there's only a few
times you can see that and um for all the astrophotographers up north start to
give planetarium shows at this definitely Sagittarius is over here and
there's I believe M22 I think I missed M22 in this particular shot or it this
has been cropped in at the full shot shows all of Sagittarius and all of Scorpio and it was a hazy night too and
uh we still got all this detail from a 16 millimeter lens and a Canon 6D that's
14 years old astop photography isn't so much about your gear it's about how
steady your tracking is how much light you can pull in and the processing tools
you use to bring out we call all this data until we bring it out and if you
get good data you see a lot of things when you process whether you're doing a
35 this is a a 35 millimeter uh image tracked for two minutes and then there's
just a lot of data here M4 is over there we you just lost it now comparatively
not as Dark Skies you see some of the same things you just don't see as much
and this this year looks like it's turned over on its uh side for whatever reason I did this
meteors or satellites um if you're there and you see them streak across the sky
as you're taking the image then you know what they are if you don't see them then
chances are you're looking at satellites like beautiful beautiful Galactic clouds there Adrian
yep look at this any good image of the you know this part of the Milky Way is
now gone in the northern hemisphere southern hemisphere um I believe it still may be
visible to our friends in the southern hemisphere at least the other the other side of this is visible and this is
where I'm going to stop the presentation because I know we are running late and John I'm giving you all the time closes
down um that means I got more time thank you you got more time no no I don't and
so yeah it when you know we to um I I know I said it last sort of spread the
gos is the subject without it what would we be taking images of and I can answer
that for you um you would have to do images like this
where you're capturing a parade and capturing Smiles on people nothing
wrong with doing that at all um I'm not showing it because I stopped sharing
real quick let me do this screen you look great tonight Adrian you're color
coordinated perfectly Blended yeah so you know what does all of these elves in
Santa and the universe have in common well and this bull ball that I
like um what does it all have in common well we're all made of the same stuff so
that's right I always encourage folks to think about what it is that you're
Imaging think less about gear and how you do it and and yes there's you can be
enthusiastic about doing astrophotography itself that Journey alone is a fun Journey but think about
the the actual universe that you're taking a picture of the more we respect that the more we the our images show our
respect for that which we're looking at and you know it's we're not just using
it to make a quick Buck or you know Post
online and you know a lot of the top Astro imagers you know they share their images
they do Outreach they are selling those you know they're selling those images
and they and they aren't too fond of seeing images from folks that they're
you know they may not know that rival theirs and it looks like there was less
work taken to do it um you know it'll bristle it'll rub these longtime Astro
imagers the wrong way but you know the the universe belongs to all of humanity
so you know we just you know we come together as a group of amateur
astronomers visual observers you know folks like you John who uh you do a
great job of drawing out the universe which is coming up um you know are
aiming at the same thing an unfathomably large area in SpaceTime that we're made
of the same stuff and we belong to it and um with that Scott I will turn it
over to you okay all right thank you so much thank you so much we're gonna bring
on uh John Schwarz and uh you have a good
night Adrian thanks again Adrian nice to see you again good seeing
you John I am looking my monitor is upward so every time I'm looking up like
this it's so I can see the screen so that's that's where that's coming from I
I I look at the camera I have to point I guess that's going to be my new thing I'm gonna point at the camera every
night but this time I was able to bowl well enough John so that I could get home and do this presentation on my main
computer um last couple nights I've had to do it on my phone but it doesn't stop
the show from going on so um uh I
was yeah that's right on the road at the
Texas Star Party uh how was that at okex and I jumped in I remember or I was in
Denver I think and I jumped on it must have rained there it it was
cloudy the whole time there um I won't I won't take over the screen but I have
pictures that I took of the Skies we had both before after it was cloudy I had
storm pictures and um I think I've shared those on global Star Party um you
know if not I'll be sure to share them next week Maurice had one of those Cloud
filters my friend um Maurice I don't know Adrian do you even know who Maurice
is a comet filter something like yeah well most of the time I have most
of the time I have a lot of cloud filter this is Michigan so we we get one clear
sky night per every two weeks we used to just wait you know stay up and it's all
cloudy together there's going to be a sucker hole coming soon so we get the hole and everybody's like trying to see
something you have to have sing to follow it you know through the hole
but yeah sometimes we did that we did that at okit teex we chased sucker holes
they closed up on us we we we made the most of it well the camaraderie seeing everybody
and and you know being a part of that event is got to be amazing I'd love to go one day yeah it
was okay okay right you are you've got the stage here John well good to see you
all so it is uh an old Universe you know I feel old I mean I'm so old I was
around when the Dead Sea was only six it's a long time
ago the the universe is um I'm not quite sure it's got to be how many years would
you say Scott billions of years or the universe the age of the
universe age would be about 14 billion and we're still working on validating
that's just as far back as you can see what's that is that uh what James
web can see that's how far they calculate we've gone back like a couple billion years there's this called the
observable universe okay right and then there's the universe and
uh it looks like none the tween shall meet here because uh the the further out
we go the faster things are receding from us and as marchello was describing
there's a point where things are going faster than the speed of light and we can't see it anymore
so you know if we can't see it does it exist you know
the that's a it gets Phil philosophical questions you know about uh what is
reality and um you know so I uh I often tell people when we're
talking about light years and looking back into time because you know amateur
astronomers will often refer their teles to their telescopes as time machines because they're looking out millions of
light years or in some cases you can see things that are a few billion Lighty years away and
um but the truth is is that even someone standing right in front of you it takes
some time for the light to get to you it takes some time for your brain to
process an image through what is the image it's falling on your retina so
you're always looking back into time and if the past is not really
exist anymore then what is it that you are you know that you're calling reality
you know so it gets uh it gets a little uh uh spooky out
there and uh Mak some people feel uneasy you know so um but amateur astronomers
are always dealing with these kinds of things and uh and of course the the
cosmologists try to uh get better and better models of of what this is all
about so you know the past is just a collection of all the photons you've
seen throughout your life and the memories are you know you you just look back and
be happy about all the good times and you know the family and then uh the Stars I
mean it's just amazing it's amazing stuff that's
right but you know you don't want to look back and use that and bring it up if it's not a good thing
because you know that was uh pretty much yesterday we we live for
today that's uh what we hope for every day another day but anyway so you know
it's old I mean just to get to the nearest star right it would take us 4,000 years at the speed of light you
know that's incredibly far imagine the generations of how long
it would take to get there it' be you'd have to have children on that ship and
travel quite fast to get I think speed of light it would take a while to get going that
quick you know we always look out and think of how far Things Are but then when you translate it into how you know
how many million light years away it is it took that long for light to get here
and you're seeing it back then it's mindblowing I mean just kind of sets you back and yes gives you a little
perspective on how small we are and fragile yet we're conscious that's good
it's it's good to have that kind of just amazing so you know the Hubble Space Telescope or uh yeah that's HBL I
believe beautiful image uh you know that the what's that band
The hobbled pallet and um yes before James web that was The
Benchmark I converted it into black and white and then you know we we were trying to see what we could get and
that's our image Wait no that's still Hubble that's my image through the 28
and if you want to get it done quick and fast if you can get enough frames maybe
two to five second frames stack them you can get some amazing results so this is
taken from Earth right here in Southern California at Mount Pinos merro took it
for me through my telescope quite amazing you know brings you real close a lot closer that's what
we're trying to do is see the best view I think everything's great you know
drawing viewing is the purest you never want to stop viewing you know astral
photography my God what you see some of these people do is absolutely amazing
gorgeous it's art it's art too the processing the technique it's a lot of work you know it's a very meticulous
trade and you have to be diligent to to do it and you do it because you want to share it and take people there and give
them the best view not like those department store telescope boxes we used
to get when do I see that that's um actually merro 32 inch I think it was a
couple second exposure you know the eagle it's one of my favorites this is
my latest so this is actually how I see it in the eyepiece when I
look 57 100 light years away so that light
left there that long ago and supposedly I think one of the telescopes maybe
Shandra was it or one of them is offline now it uh does x-ray I think and they
said there's perhaps a supernova that went off in there and that thing maybe
not even there anymore the eagle it could be blown to dust because of that exploding Supernova and we just haven't
gotten the light yet it's a speculation but it's I've heard about it you like
that one Scott love it I love the the um it it looks mysterious you know yeah
that's the and that's often the kind of feeling you get when you're visually looking through a telescope it's so hard
to capture that essence you know this has taken me I
mean it's just just never looks right until you stumble onto it and the next
morning you wake up and you turn on your phone and look and you're like yes
finally there's the another version just hazed out you know
with it's just the light on the dust different effect yeah but man 5700
Lighty years to get this close right that's that's what I see on my best view
through the 28 and the 32 on the clearest darkest nights you know we
haven't really experienced this at bort zero or bort
one that could be absolutely amazing to see what you can see naked
eye you know uh the sun is what eight minutes it takes for the light right to
get here that's pretty crazy
this was my um Eclipse sketch the other day I combined
the initials you know when I was burning my eye squinting at it which wasn't smart don't do it always protect your
eyes and then I wanted to give you all some leftovers from Thanksgiving it's a
a lunar omelette with cheese what do you
think it's plated yeah I'm
hungry I've posted this on cloudy nights I don't know if they I mean I thought it
was fun and creative it's a different look and you know as an astrophotographer you want to be
creative and and you want to change the look um if you use those what are those
filters I'm like drawing a major blank here um not not the Hub pallet they're
sodium oxygen and tri not tricolor there's name is that what it is
no there's a there's a you talking about the three filters that they use for the hble pallet a narrow band narrow band it
came to me yeah they're narrow band filters yes right you know the moon this was just so
you know you don't need much you could just get a pair of binoculars to see something like this I
know it looks very simple but it's actually pretty complex um the
color theory to get it to you have warm and cool light play and then you know
you also have the Earth shine and the nice shape of that you know just the
right angle shape very contemporary that was my neighbor's house I got lucky
that's the thing when you're out sometimes you get lucky you get that view and you capture it and then you're
like wow this is amazing that was my blinker you know
yeah star blows up it takes a long time um you know that Supernova they
discovered a few years back they have pictures of it that Hubble's been taking
what uh VDB 108 or something I forget it's a red one you've seen it
where it expands and this is the
blinker you know the thing is in my telescope it never blinks it never
blinks you got enough light but look at look at that does that have a a dimensional feel to it like a like it's
encased in and that's the essence I'm trying to capture that's very difficult
uh to get it right but I mean I'm not sure it's quite right I hope it looks good on your screen looks good on mine
looks looks good cool they never look as good for some reason you need a 4k
monitor m33 what is this 3.2 million part of the local
group I like to do versions different this was one of my earlier
versions you know you know I like these um I was eating popcorn and the salt
fell on there and I I saw that and I liked it so I just stippled it a little bit actually I'm kidding I I just
painted that on there it took a while to do the Stars they're not probably correct
but and this is the evolution now this is adding malen cam
data so what I do is in the side by side mode I take a look at my malen cam image
and then I have my my other image right there it's on procreate it's the split
view and then I can draw and it's very close to where your eyes have to travel
in order to you know sometimes I'll be drawing and I'll forget what I just
looked at so I have to keep going back and forth to keep it in your mind and
printed so you can you know duplicate it on the other
side so you know these are these are great because the evolution of these it
keeps going and going yeah uh you know the more bigger Scopes I look like and I
go to the 60 or the 100 if we do the 100 um boy I might be getting closer to getting
out there you know it that's what I try to do with my work is I really want to
bring you there as if you were actually took a trip out there you
know it's just a visualization sort
of that's M 74 this is um another one that's far now
you want to talk about getting further this is 30.6 I think million light
years and that's um getting out there not quite there's
some that go way out that we look at like this one
3338 I think this is maybe 80 million or something like that
I could look it up real quick I just can't remember off the top of my head but it's it's getting way out there
now we're going to move on to a couple more works this is my Jennifer bills
painting that I did I like to show a little artwork here and there and um
this was actually a watercolor picture that I did in college very proud of it's the only
piece that didn't get burned in the fire it's kind of a special piece to me
yeah but the you know look at the painting it's
gouache that's also acrylic not acrylic there's a little acrylic wash here that's airbrush or
collar I was a lot younger then so my eyes were better but digital has been
amazing for me really has now always having your camera ready
you never know what you're going to see a beautiful flower on a crystal blue day
reaching for the sun you know the life the life force
yeah it's amazing how plants follow the Sun and flowers when they open up in the
morning years ago I went to a star party and there was a there was a lady that gave a she was
an astrophotographer but she gave a presentation it was just like galaxies
and flowers just bouncing back and forth you know and uh it was um wow that's that's really it
was a wonderful presentation I mean if you look at the flower it's almost like
a spiral galaxy the way it you know the physics and and think of like the
microscopic Universe you know you're talking how actually far or how old
something but it's very similar in construction the physics behind it it's
kind of cool this was the neighbor's house and
um you know what's crazy is these flowers are gone I have pictures of these flowers when they were you know
alive and just reaching for the Sun and when they uh tenant left they just put
that Turf in there that a AST turf or whatever so those are gone and the other
neighbor cut this beautiful tree I'm going to show on the next one maybe it was such a cool tree it's gone poor
tree boss you know my little buddy he's always gotta say hello he's truly a good friend and
also I think he's made of Stardust from
he's made of constellation of puppies I think I believe I'm not sure oh yeah the
dog star serious I'm not kidding no you
know the star uh there he is he he gets frisky on me if I ignore him you know if
I'm doing stuff especially astronomy He he'll sit there and just wait like when
I'm doing the Moon pictures I do yeah and I have to like keep them close
because I don't want anything to get them in the dark that was in the morning after
two-day star party we came came home he was shot I was
wrecked you know when when you do this hobby it is it's a lot of work but it's well
worth it I mean oh yeah everything we do it just helps us understand you know how
we fit in and why we should do it and um that's my presentation I want
to share one last picture that merco took again this is amazing uh this was eight
two second
exposures is that amazing very nice 18 two you said two second
exposures sorry uh my granddaughter was coming in I want to have her come on in
a few after we get the rehearsal done she's gonna we're going to sing Twinkle
Twinkle Little Star she's going to teach me I hope I can learn it because yeah it's the tough
song it is you know I was thinking of changing the the um Harmony you know
create a little different take on it but we'll we'll keep it legit okay anyway
thank you so much um thank you so much John thank you for your program and uh
uh we will be back with uh making announcements for the next Global Star
Party um we have uh
um we have some plans I I'm working it out with uh uh Dr David Levy and uh uh
it will be uh I I think very interesting so but uh um it's been a blast to find
those uh full length lectures from Bart Bach um and if anybody out there wants
them for you know like their astronomy club or something like that let me know I can can get you the we can transfer
the original files so that you can use them during your presentation so um
really uh you know Wonderful educator uh and uh very inspiring
astronomer uh you know and I think that I'm I'm I'm lucky we're lucky to know uh
people that knew Bart Bach when he was living so um but uh we hope that uh you have a
good night I was out just a little bit uh during the break looking up at the moon and uh it's a real clear night here
in Northwest Arkansas so uh until uh we come back with the next Global star
party uh keep looking up and uh you know contemplate the
universe thanks Scott take care good night have a good evening thank you
everyone come one come all to the Southern Cross
astronomical society's 2024 winter Star Party celebrating 40 Years of stargazing
happening from February 5th through the 11th 2024 on Scout key in the beautiful
Florida Keys get away from the cold and adjust your latitude underneath the pristine Skies of Southern Florida with
breathtaking views of Eda Karina the jewel box the Southern Cross Centaurus a and of
course the Magnificent Omega centuri tickets will go on sale on or about
October 1 2023 at sc.org see you
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there are your eclipse glasses safe for for looking at the sun let's check to see if your e clipse glasses can handle
the heat or if they need to stay inside first off never check your
eclipse glasses with the sun that's a good way to injure your eyes take your eclipse glasses and find a bright light
like a lamp or Flashlight hold your E clips glasses up to the light and look through them the light will appear
extremely dim or not appear at all when looking through the glasses for example you should only be able to see the
filament of a light bulb but not the glow surround ing the bulb also if your eclipse glasses have any marks or
scratches on them don't use them if you have older eclipse glasses from a previous Eclipse give them the check to
make sure they haven't been damaged or scratched all safe eclipse glasses will meet the iso 12312 D2 standard it's best
to store eclipse glasses in a safe place where they won't become scratched or punctured remember never look at the sun
without eclipse glasses or a solar filter be safe and happy Sun viewing
everyone
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yeah