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well hello everyone this is Scott Roberts from explore scientific and the explore Alliance and we are at the 149th
Global star party uh with the theme of Trails of time uh this theme came about because of
the atarid um or excuse me the aquarid meteor showers are occurring right now
and uh these are leftovers from H's Comet and I certainly remember Hal's
Comet back in the 80s it is one of the things that kind of propelled me into uh
becoming an amateur astronomer um I was in my young 20s at the time it was a
very very exciting time and uh amazing to see something that had come around uh
you know since Antiquity uh actually before even then but recorded since
Antiquity um and uh you know so it made me think about uh uh how time and uh
astronomy are intertwined uh in so many ways uh so uh tonight we we will have a
number of uh great uh speakers including uh Chuck Allen who will be coming on
next Ron breacher uh and Steve edberg just to name a few um Steve was one of
my uh Inspirations he was a mentor uh and really encouraged me to get deep
into the community of amateur astronomy uh because Steve was a uh JPL scientist
on planetary missions but was very involved with amateur astronomy as well
so um but uh let me go ahead and bring on um uh my co-host uh David Levy David
it's good to see you on I I I was expecting uh maybe you might be on a
little bit later but that's very cool um hold on for just a second well I rushed
and hurri bring when through red lights drove on the wrong side of the street passed a
couple of ambulances and fire trucks and um here I am it's good to see Steve
adberg here it's been a while since I've seen him and uh I I heard that you
didn't get the best of luck at the eclipse and perhaps you might be able to share that with us when it's your turn
anyway my poetic quotation today is going to be a little limmerick just a
limmerick called relativity and relativity I first it first apparently
appeared I think in punch magazine in the 1920s but I found it when it was
published in the Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada in the late 1960s and here it goes there once
was a lady named brigh whose speed was Far faster than light she set out one
day in a relative way and returned home the previous
night and now back to you and thank you how did she return home the previous
night relativity going backwards iess it's all relative that's right no it's
great I'm had a joke about relativity that apparently time always slows down when you spend it with your relatives
but um but I think some of these jokes might have come from Einstein himself because
he was a good person to mock some of his own ideas sometimes with hum no that's
great Scott after the 1998 leonids uh I left coming home we left
Tokyo Narita at uh early afternoon and I arrived home the next well uh the same
date in the morning in Los Angeles it
happens that can happen that's right that's right these things can happen
right um anyway it's good to see everybody today yes okay so um we are going David
we're gonna go to Chuck Allen um who is uh obviously uh with us from the
astronomical League uh he's been on uh several times many times now and U uh
Chuck always has um a good topic this time it's about unusual galaxies uh and
it's it's nice you're kind of taking uh David iker's spot here a little bit on the unusual aspects of the universe uh
or or at least with galaxies uh David iker's on his way to starus right now
and um uh that's going to be getting underway on the 12th and so we're just a
few days away from that but um we're going to be holding down the fort here with global star party so I'm going to
let me just add my welcome to Chuck it I just saw you a little while ago at ne ne
didn't work out too well for me it turns out because I caught Co there but the co
is gone it's now negative all that I have left bronchitis yeah it's now negative I
tested I was tested on Sunday and it came back negative and um
that's great except for the bronchitis which I usually get now with a cold
everything's gone and I'm happy as a clan well D you're quite a fighter over
there I'm happy to hear that uh prognosis um I'm in transit I'll be home
soon after I pick up my meal because I think I'm on in a few after a few uh
speakers so I'll be getting there but uh had to say something to you my friend
glad you uh glad your immune system is working well as it should and now I
gotta go pay for my meal it's F yep he's a strong guy so
well Chuck we are going to give you the stage um I'm excited uh we both David
and I are very excited about the upcoming Alcon event that you're going to be uh managing and hosting and U uh
for those of you who are not familiar with the astronomical League or uh the astronom astronomical League convention
uh that's an event that's held each year by the world's largest Federation of
astronomical uh uh clubs they have hundreds of clubs uh in their membership
and tens of thousands of members and uh uh it is U it's a privilege and an honor
to be associated with these guys and um you know if you go to the astronomical
League convention uh you're going to make a lot of new friends if you've never been before and if you have been
there before you're going to meet a lot of your old friends so um but uh uh it
this particular one is special because uh uh to me anyways because we're going to go to the Linda Hall Library which is
um place where uh many incredible manuscripts of uh uh you know from
amazing astronomers uh throughout history uh even up into the modern day
with like some of David Levy's um observations are are kept there and his
first telescope's kept there so it's going to be special let me just say that
so I will uh I'll turn this over to you Chuck thank you so much man thank you
very much is my audio okay still it's beautiful okay fantastic good evening
everyone Stephen it's been a long time you don't remember me but I met you about 25 years ago once at a meeting and
uh it's great to see you here and de of course uh you are now
privileged to be the fourth person in the last year who's gotten Co the day after I've seen them in person I I'm
beginning to I'm beginning to feel like tyho Mary here so I'm glad you're okay so Chuck I
don't want you to feel bad if I don't run up to you and give you a hug just saying I I have I have been you 35
States uh about 50,000 miles on road trips in the last I think four years and
I've been in large crowds all over the country and I've never gotten Co I I
don't understand it it's not like I've tried to avoid it at all uh incredible
yeah knock on wood I've had naturally immune knock on
wood okay um let me uh share a screen here and and let's see which one that's
the one okay it should
be visible to everyone okay let me go let me go back uh this is a promotional
forour convention in Kansas City on July 17 through 20th and uh as Scott
mentioned uh we will be going to the lindal library and pal Observatory as well if there a 30-in reflector there
which is quite something to see they're building a new Observatory by the way further south to get a little further
away from City Lights Kansas City's an exciting Town lots to do there and uh we
hope you'll join us there and next year we'll also be at Bryce Canyon and for the 600 people who attended our
convention in Bryce Canyon back in uh I think 2011 uh they'll all be back because the
skies out there are just phenomenal so keep a keep a lookout for that
what I want to talk about tonight are just some unusual galaxies so this is kind of easy listening and uh we're just
going to look at a couple different kind of odd ducts out there uh the first is
NGC 2787 in Ursa Major this is what's called a lenticular Galaxy it's kind of a
spiral that's morphing into an elliptical uh it's bulge to dis ratio is
very high if you look at the overall picture here you see what looks like a large elliptical but there're telltale
signs of a disc embedded in it uh there are no spiral arms in this as you can see it's mostly older stars with very
little star production going on and that term lenticular will come up again here in a few
minutes uh here we have What Guinness Book of World Records regards as the
largest galaxy measured in Stellar extent this is ic101 in Virgo it's a
little more more than 1.1 billion Lighty years away very easy to observe magnitude
13 uh it's a super giant lenticular Galaxy as well and uh has a diameter of
550,000 Lighty years compare that to the Milky Way it's about five times bigger
in diameter the number of stars in this galaxy is estimated at 100 trillion
stars um and it has a super massive black hole at its core with a mass of
100 billion solar masses so this this is a giant in every
respect uh it's also a very yellow Galaxy it's a very old Galaxy metal Rich
lots of older stars red giants and there's a cool little Galaxy down here at the bottom called Lita
candidates out there this is ESO 38376 in Centaurus and it is about 200 million
Lighty years away and it has a diameter of 1.76 million light years much larger
than ic101 if indeed its Stellar extent measures that uh that's somewhat
controversial at the moment but if if it holds it would be about three and a half times bigger than
ic101 and about 20 times bigger than than the Milky Way but there may be an even larger candidate and that is Lita
may be regarded as even bigger uh if you include the Jets and loes produced by
the super massive black hole at its core and that's called alus in lyns and if
you measure the distance from the lobes uh and jets the loes at the end of the
Jets it has a length of 16 million light years that's about 160 times the
diameter of the Milky Way and so at least in that respect it's the largest known structure of Galactic
origin if not Stellar extent well then we go to NGC
6872 in poo this is the Condor Galaxy it is the largest known spiral galaxy in
existence uh from tip to tip it's about 77,000 light years uh making it the
largest and uh note the extensive star formation going on in this Northeast Arm
up here and that's because it's interacting with this galaxy right here in the background uh which is IC 4970 a
little lenticular Galaxy and the gravitational effects are compressing gas and causing a lot of star formation
in this region of the Galaxy now here we have a galaxy with an
even uh more attractive name I'm not even going to read it all I'll just call
it wise it's an Aquarius and it's 12 half billion light years of light travel
time away so we're looking at this virtually all the way across the observable universe or at least most of
it uh today it actually lies at a distance of 25 billion Lighty years um
and it's a fairly small about 30,000 light years in diameter but here's an artist conception of what's going on at
this Galaxy and what you have is a central Galaxy that's actually siphoning
Material off of three other galaxies at once talk about a cannibal uh and part
of the reason for this is that the center of this galaxy there's a center at the center there's a super massive uh
black hole and quazar actually very active that's pulling in this material
it has 10 billion solar masses and it's the brightest known galaxy in the universe presently it has 10,000 times
the energy output of the Milky Way by comparison and here we have just a
really beautiful galaxy it's called the jellyfish Galaxy it's in triangulum
Australia it is ESO 137 001 it's 220
million Lighty years away and it shouldn't be a mystery why it's called the jellyfish uh it's about the same
size as the Milky Way and the same type of SBC B spiral galaxy that the Milky
Way is but it has taals of gas and dust that stream off from one side of this
galaxy the cause of this is still a mystery and part of the mystery is you can see that those stars are blue
they're young which means they're recently formed and astronomers have not
been able to figure out how Stars can form in these streams of gas because the gas is too hot now you may think well it
has to be hot in order to fuse to form Stars yes but if it's too hot uh gravity
loses out and it simply can't rain in the molecules so that's a bit of a mystery uh in this particular Galaxy
that needs to be resolved now here is a an interesting Galaxy that is regarded by astronomers
as the most similar galaxy to the Milky Way it's NGC 3949 and Ursa Major it's 50
million Lighty years away which is roughly the distance of the Virgo cluster a little closer and it's very
similar to our galaxy in terms of the number of H2 star forming regions that are in it uh in terms of it's having a
bar in terms of its size and its classification an SBC Galaxy so this is
uh this may be what we look like from afar if we of course could never get such a picture which we can't now here's
a record holder those of you who seen some of my past programs have seen this
slide before this is the current the currently confirmed furthest object ever
detected in the universe thanks to the jwst it is a Galaxy in seon called
HD1 uh its light has taken
13.44% 33 billion Lighty years which means which means that we and it are
separating it greater than twice the speed of light because of the expansion of the
universe well here is the closest galaxy cluster the closest major Galaxy cluster
to us it's the Virgo cluster of course it's 65 million Lighty years to the center of it from us has about 1,300
galaxies in it and a radius of about 7 and a half million light years um and it
has a lot of famous objects in it uh three messier objects m87 m84 m86 and
the famous eyes and this chain you see at the top of the image is called
marcarian chain the black dots are just blocking out stars that would interfere
with your appreciation of the galaxies themselves even from Earth at 65 million
light this clusters is pretty this cluster is pretty big this is how big a full moon would be in comparison to it
in the sky just to give you an idea um really one of the richest fields of
bright galaxies there is in the sky for us well here is clj 101 Plus o22 in
Seance this is a Galaxy 11 billion light years away it has 17 galaxies in it and
it's considered to be the most distant Galaxy cluster detected to date so it's a record holder of
sorts and here we have IC 342 now this is interesting mafy 1 was not discovered
until 1967 uh and the reason for that is that it lies in the constellation of copia
and we're looking at it through the disc of the Milky Way which heavily obscures it and uh rendered it almost impossible
to detect for quite a while it's about 10 to 13 million light years away so it's very close compared to most other
galaxies size is a little smaller than the Milky Way about 75,000 Lighty years
across um and constitutes part of a group called The Mafi group the two
principal members being mafew 1 and Mafi 2 um and it would be one of the 10
brightest galaxies in the sky if we weren't looking at it through copia now I had an interesting
experience uh they gave a talk at the Milwaukee Astronomical Society uh back in October and they had a a unicell EV
scope 2 set up out back and i' had not seen one in operation before and Matt
rhyo uh who is the fact totem of that club he does everything for them uh had
the things set up and asked me what I wanted to see now this these were not great Skies the Milwaukee Observatory is
triangulated by wakashaw Milwaukee and the Chicago light Dome so the the skies
are relatively poor and we had some clouds in the sky as well but it was clear toward cassop Pia so I said well
let's try mafew 1 and I was very dubious and I said well I know it appears to be
in a little trapezium of stars which basically you can see here and when he
first turned on the uh the instrument it slewed to it and it was kind of a gray screen with a couple of bright stars and
it fiddled around and rewed and then it waited for about a minute and then it
went black boom and there was mafew 1 in the EV scope 2 so that impressed me
greatly uh what the power of electronic telescopes can be a very remarkable
system um here we have a Galaxy five billion lot years away
called rxj 1347.07
it has the X-ray Luminosity of you're going to love this number one quator
dilian ergs it's the most massive known GL Galaxy cluster we've ever detected in
the sky and turning to Draco uh and again if
you've seen some of my past talks you know this is one of my favorite objects to show people uh because it's so easy
to find this is a quazar an active Galactic nucleus that
is causing a Galaxy a great distance to be visible in amateur telescopes now this particular
quazar uh can be found by simply finding these two e magnitude Stars which form a
little triangle with a magnitude 12 star below that a triangle and off the
triangle a little Arc of 314th magnitude Stars so a 10 in ideally a 12 in you
have great Skies maybe less uh you can detect these for relatively easily and this third one right here is the quazar
and what you're seeing when you see this in your telescope is light that has taken 9.6 billion years that's twice the
age of the Earth to reach your eye it's the furthest thing visible in a 10-inch
telescope it's about two trillion times further than Neptune about 200 million
times further than the nearest star of the sun Proxima centor of course larger amateur telescopes can
access a 15th magnitude quazar uh and it's called APM 8279 plus
5255 in links When You observe it and it can be observed in a 16inch and
certainly 18 and 20inch dobs uh you're seeing light that's taken just over 12
billion years to reach your eye in a universe that's 13.8 billion years old it's the furthest object visible in
amateur telescopes and I promise you if you ever see it you will never meet anyone who has seen anything further
live I can promise you that because I've asked now here is an odd duck uh j0
61352 in ARA uh this is 270 million light years away and it's a galaxy with
no stars at all uh it was detected by simply noting hot gas in a vast system
that constitutes Galactic size uh very unusual object and in cetus we have NGC
1052 this is a Galaxy about 65 million L years away which is an ultra diffuse
Galaxy and what's odd about it is it has apparently no Dark Matter associated
with it at all which may explain its defus
nature and if you're ever feeling lonely how would it feel if you lived here on
MCG 01-02 minus 015 and Pisces 200 92
million light years away it's out in the middle of the pi the per excuse me the Pisces Perseus void there is no other
Galaxy within a 100 million light years of it were we to be in this galaxy I
promise you whatever astronomical League they have there would have far fewer Galaxy programs than we have in fact
they wouldn't have even detected galaxies until the 1960s NGC 45 and cetus this is 22
million light years away and the reason the image is so crazy is because it is a very low surface brightness Galaxy it is
more than one magnitude dimmer than the ambient night sky which means dimmer than
22.0 uh magnitudes per arcc squared or Square
arcc uh here's another image of it uh you see how bloated and Overexposed the
stars are in order to image this uh this object it has a black hole in the Center
about 145 million solar masses worth and it's uh interesting because we know more
about the exact location of the black hole in this galaxy than we do any other galaxy in the sky except our own Galaxy
Sagittarius A star so this is uh interesting for that reason uh it has uh
however no what's called Galactic habitable zone now this is a
controversial concept a galactic habitable zone we're all familiar with
habitable zones around stars that is you can't be too close you can't be too far temperature has to be just right you
can't be too close to a red dwarf because it's a flare star we we know about habitable zones around stars but
there are some people who believe there are habitable zones in galaxies too and these would be zones where the
metallicity of the stars is high enough that there's plenty of material to make planets and areas where there is a low
chance of having supernovas uh Gamay bursts or other catastrophic events um but most many
astronomers doubt this Galactic Capital bone Theory simply because many stars in
galaxies change orbits and carry their planets with them uh you know closer and
further from the center depending on interactions with other galaxies this is an old favorite that
most of you have probably observed sea 64 in coma barones this is the famous
black eye Galaxy 17 million light years away what's interesting about this
eighth magnitude Galaxy is that it suffered a collision about a billion
years ago and as a result of that in the interior the gas and stars are rotating
in one particular direction now the stars in the outer part are rotating in that same direction but the gas out here
is rotating in the opposite direction which is very strange and this is true out to a distance of about 40,000 Lighty
years and that's thought to be a result of that Collision uh this is a just an
interesting looking Galaxy in Pisces NGC 474 about 100 million light years away
that is covered in Tidal shells and Tails it appears to be caused either by
its absorption of gas from neighboring NGC 470 over here or because of a double
Collision that is two galaxies that collided and passed through each other twice uh followed by a merger that would
have left these shells and which of those two is the case is not yet completely
known this is of course the famous tadpole in Draco ugc 10 to14 400 million
light years away and that tale of stars uh is 280,000 light years long it was caused
by a close interaction with a neighboring Galaxy that you can see circled in yellow up here that whipped
around this Galaxy and pulled out this streamer of stars many of those stars have achieved in the tail uh have
achieved uh escape velocity from the Galaxy and will form uh reform into
probably dwarf galaxies themselves some will settle back into the main
Galaxy um here we have a Galaxy and Pegasus NGC 76
74 380 million light years away and the interesting thing about this that you
can't really see is that it has two black holes in its core they're only about a lightyear apart too uh a very
unusual fact uh factor for this Galaxy and in Perseus NGC
1277 the Galaxy of Interest here is the one in the middle and it's called A
Relic Galaxy no stars are thought to have formed in this galaxy for the last
12 billion years uh most of the stars in the galaxy are now over 7 billion years
old um and uh much older than that and
All Stars uh in this galaxy apparently formed in a space of just about a 100
million years at a rate about a thousand times higher than star formation rates in the Milky Way the black hole at its
Center is enormous 17 billion solar masses and it constitutes 177% of the mass of this galaxy Galaxy
which is the largest Black Hole Mass to Galaxy ratio we've ever
detected a real beautiful galaxy is this one it's often referred to as the
dolphin guarding its egg uh just one little problem with that Dolphins don't lay eggs as you know but nonetheless
that's what many people refer to when they describe NGC 2936 and
37 uh these galaxies lie 352 million light years away they are reachable with
10 or 12 in telescopes one thing you will notice is this galaxy is being
badly warped by this elliptical galaxy here and what's happening is the
gravitational interaction between the two is causing a lot of star formation on the near side of NGC 2936 and it's
causing dust to be ejected out the back as a result of this rapid rotation
around NGC 293 7even down here and here's another very popular
Galaxy this is the fifth brightest galaxy in the sky NGC 5128 often referred to as Centaurus a it's 13
million light years away and it's the furthest naked eye object that has been uh detected I think Stephen James
Oma detected it visually uh from Southern location one point um it's a
lenticular also uh which which has elliptical qualities but also evidence
of a spiral uh from which it's probably forming it has a uh
High very substantial set of relativistic jets emanating from that
black hole and you can see them here with the lobes at the end uh has x-ray jets that are thousands of light years
long and radio jets that are millions of light years long and there's a lot of star formation going on in the dis part
of the this lenticular Galaxy NGC 60 60 excuse me 660 in Pisces
it's only 45 million light years away and it's a polar ring Galaxy now the ring however is not really Polar Polar
would be wrapped around like this but this is inclined around the Galaxy in a very odd way um and this apparently is a
disc Galaxy a spiral that captured material that is now strung out as a
ring and the ring um is full of red and blue super giant stars and very recent
stars stars that formed in the last 7 million years so that's why you see all these bright bright uh clutches of stars
uh in the uh in the ring that's where all the activities taking place and of course we have the
cartwheel Galaxy another ring Galaxy a lenticular ring it's called it has a
diameter of 144,000 Lightyear so it's a little bigger than the Milky Way um in
the outer ring once again you have a lot of star formation going on hence all this bright activity that you see here
um and was probably formed by a collision if you imagine a bullet
blasting through the center of the Galaxy and causing a shock wave that
drove material out into the ring at least that's the estimate um and the
spiral structure is starting to form again from the core you see the beginnings the spiral structure in this
particular Galaxy but if you want a perfect ring just go to Hog's object of course uh
this is uh in serpent 600 light million light years away uh no bullet has been
found if there's a Galaxy that pierced through a spiral and caused the shock wave to make a ring we haven't found the
bullet so some astronomers think that it may have been a bar Galaxy and that some
sort of bar instability may have caused the formation of the ring and to give you an idea of how big this is in the
sky it's about the DI apparent diameter of Jupiter about 45 seconds of art uh
has a diameter a little bit bigger than the Milky Way But oddly enough only about 8 billion stars way less than the
Milky Ways two to 400 billion and if you've ever seen videos
of those horrible fog induced Interstate collisions where 70 cars crash into each
other this is astronomy's version of that this is an a collision not of
galaxies but of four Galaxy clusters that are ramming into each other it's five billion light years away and what
is happening is there's a 13 million Lightyear long stream of galaxies gas and dark matter that are all flowing
into a region that's already full of matter and the result is this circus of
activity going on here these are Galaxy clusters that actually collide with each
other and continue to do so so I'll leave on that note and uh thank you for
the opportunity to join all of you tonight and uh I'll stop
sharing okay goodness uh some really
amazing and beautiful galaxies I think I I love that one with the the arms were
stretched out so far you know so it's so cool um let me do this okay here we are
and um um I don't know but how do you guys feel uh seeing all those galaxies
what's your favorite they're they're all pretty
amazing Hog's Galaxy is really interesting I'd love to be able to image that but I think it might L for
yeah the jellyfish one the one that looked like it was like a spiral that was crashing into an elliptical you know
um I'm really intrigued with that with that jellyfish Galaxy yeah me
too I mean these are a lot of galaxies I've never seen before so good job Chuck
that's really cool thank you last couple months I've been Imaging
um uh irregular galaxies that are kind of like the an clouds but a lot further
away right yeah Mafi 1 should be visible through a water sized telescope I've
never seen it but I should like to see it next opportunity it's not that fted
Galaxy and as for me I love the some of the detail I saw in that uh image of
curus a I've seen lots of images of it um that one looked like you could pick
out a lot more detail there that one interested that was interesting to me
yeah pretty far south but it can be seen from uh you know southern part of the
United States so well um let's
uh Scott I think Scott you muted yourself [Laughter]
again you're still muted yeah you're now
there perf technology always gets
you 149 of these huh Scott
149 149 to go that's right that's right so uh but um uh watch me mute myself now
when it's I didn't even know I muted myself I know it's coming well anyhow I wanted to introduce
breacher Ron is um uh an amazing uh astronomer
astrophotographer um he um uh was at the Northeast astronomy
Forum with us and uh he he's just very
very nice guy uh to talk to um uh when he's on global star party uh he really
opens up to uh what he thinks and how he feels about the uh his exploration of
the universe his images are stunning uh and if you're lucky enough to get on his
uh distribution list of uh for his astrophotography you know he'll pop one
in every other day or so and uh it's just so much fun to open it up and to
see something you know that your mind is about to be blown okay so it's really
cool but uh you are going to talk about unusual galaxies so um well I I'm going
to there's going to be some unusual Galaxy galaxies in my in my presentation
I see I see but you're in the present and viewing in the past I've got other things to talk about very good what I
should be doing sharing the whole screen here and uh then I
can present it as a slideshow Mike
overaker group is saying that he has observed Mathew one with his 15inch JB
very good well I haven't seen Matthew one um
anyway my my presentation I I always tie these presentations to the the
invitation that Scott sends out to all of the ambassadors for the the global star parties and uh so this talk is
called living in the present viewing in the past and um
really uh you you'll see where I got my idea for the presentation when I talk
about what talk uh what Scott talked about which is Trails of time and uh
then I'm going to just provide some context uh on what it means to move at the speed light and that we're always
looking into the past and then we're going to look into the past of the universe by starting close to home and
looking at things further and further away and um I get my mind blown every
time I look at this stuff so hopefully you'll share in the fun with me so
there's a lot of words here you can read them on your own when you watch the video later uh this comes from Scott's
message to us about the theme of tonight and here's what's important to me the
idea that light from distant Stars reaches us only after traversing the cosmos for Millennia in other words it
takes time for those photons to reach us from wherever they started their Journey
the idea that everything is connected that that everything is part of a grander interconnected
Cosmos and continuity which is the notion of Persistence of time and
natural processes across the cosmos and uh again you know this kind of stuff can
make you feel really small I think that's kind of a glass half empty view
of the world or it can make you you're part of something really
expansive and and glorious and that's the the glass half full view of the
universe definitely my glass is half full so if you were moving at the speed
of light you couldn't just instantaneously get around the earth to the moon or to
the sun it takes time to get to those places so it turns out it would take you
a little more than a tenth of a second to go around the earth at the speed of light if you wanted to go to the Moon it
would take you about one and A4 seconds and uh just to get from the Earth to the
sun would take around 8 minutes and 20 seconds so light travels fast but it
doesn't travel infinitely fast in other words light has a speed limit as well
and so what that really means is that everything we see we see in the past
whether it's seeing a person across the table from you or whether you're looking
at galaxies the light has to take time to get from that place to you and uh you
know I gave you some times in our solar system the nearest star light takes more
than four years to get to us from there galaxies we're talking about millions or
even billions of years so whenever we look at anything we see things as they
were not as they are and the further away something is effectively the
further back in time we're seeing it and there's a really cool three-dimensional
aspect to this uh that I'll point out when we get there so let's start in
really close um and uh of course this is the moon this is probably
probably uh one of my very first Astro photos that I shared with anybody it was
on February 20th 2008 it was about minus 25c in my driveway and I was using an
astrophysics traveler and a digital Rebel camera and uh like I say minus
25c I took the picture on the left before the eclipse started I took the
picture on the right at Mid eclipse and then all of my equipment froze my Mount
wouldn't track my camera wouldn't shoot I was just really lucky to get this uh
but of course this is uh looking back 1.25 light seconds if you're looking at
the moon you're looking back in time by more than a second here's another eclipse this time
it's an eclipse of the sun partial eclipse from 2014 and now uh if you're looking at the sun
of course with the proper eye protection you're looking more than 8 minutes back in time you're seeing the Sun as it was
more than 8 minutes ago solar system objects I haven't tried
to give a distance um the uh the main image here shows bright Venus and to its
upper left Jupiter uh then there's an image of Jupiter by uh by uh Daryl
Archer a friend of mine uh of course the distance to solar system objects depends on where we are
and where it is in its orbit relative to us but it's on the order of light days
to light months not light years comets are another uh type of
object they're part of our solar system much further away these are three of the Comets that I've been lucky enough to
image none of them have David ly's name attached to them but maybe one of these
days um but at any rate these again they vary in uh their distance and therefore
how far back in time we're looking varies but it's again on the order of light months uh maybe to light years uh
when they're first detected coming back into the solar
system but uh now let's look outside our solar system but inside our
galaxy and uh here we're looking at the horse head nebula very famous horse head
nebula uh it's actually like a puff of smoke a column of
soot that is between us and the glowing uh IC 404 behind it that is an emission
nebula being blotted out by the H head soot and this is about 1,375
light years away um most of the objects are are in that range of distances and
uh also uh in you know in the Bright Star Island attack is in that range of
distance so this is both emission reflection and dark nebulas inside our
galaxies going a little bit further away this is a supernova Remnant the veil
nebula and uh it's about 2400 Light Years distant
2400 and uh this is a very large object
it's really beautiful in my 20-in scope with a nebula filter but of course I can
only just get the left side and maybe the brightest part of the right side uh
in in a single eyepiece view because it's so large it's about six or eight
times the size of the full moon on the sky going a little further uh timing is
everything so the cluster here is Carolyn's Rose cluster NGC
7789 and it lies about 6,700 light years away these open
clusters tend to have a few dozen to a few hundred Stars maybe even a few
thousand um they're very different than from globular clusters which I'll show you shortly these open clusters are
sometimes called Galactic clusters and they lie within the spiral arms of our galaxies now you probably while I was
talking notice that red star blinking on and off that star is not part of the
cluster it's in the foreground just over a thousand light years away um I know
that sounds crazy to say that th light years away is the foreground but there you have it the universe is immense
that's a variable star Wy copia and uh this is a composite of two
images taken three years apart once when that variable star was at its maximum
and once when it was at its minimum so the universe isn't static things are happening in there all the
time this is a a brand new photo I I took it last night in fact I took this
image this is uh star cluster NGC 6791 again it's an open cluster it's
about twice as far as Carolyn's Rose at 13,300 light years and it's in the
constellation lra it's very very beautiful to look at in a in a 10 in or
so dub uh or bigger really quite beautiful it's about the size of the
moon on the on the sky and like I say I took this image last
night so compare this open cluster to a globular cluster this globular cluster
now is 34,000 light years away this is Messier
3 and rather than having a few hundred or a thousand stars in it it has a few
hundred, or millions of stars in it the other thing that's different between
globulars and open clusters is that uh whereas open clusters are within the
spiral arms of our galaxy the globulars form a halo around the main part of the
Galaxy and most spiral galaxies have globular clusters maybe
all globular clusters come in a bunch of different flavors they can be very very
dense like M3 or they can be much more sparse like NGC
5466 and NGC 5466 again is almost doubling the
distance compared to M3 at about 52,000 Lighty years away if these
numbers are starting to sound really big put your seat belt on because now we're
going outside the Milky Way and now we're going from thousands of light
years to millions of light years and more this is
a very welln photographic object also easily visible in a telescope modest
telescope visible to the naked eye in decent skies and uh it's one of the
closer galaxies at 2.3 million light years and you can see a couple of
satellite galaxies M32 and m110 accompanying the Andromeda galaxy
going a little farther 10 times farther in fact Messier 101 so Messier 101 is also called the
the pin wheel Galaxy this is 21 million light years away and if you look around
the field you can see it's dotted with other galaxies some of which uh are part
of the M101 group and some of which are far far in the background
you can also clearly see in M101 particularly here uh at the lower right
oops let me go back at the lower right some of these pink knots of hydrogen
that are kind of like the Orion Nebula in our own
Galaxy this is uh NGC 4567 and
4568 on the left and NGC 4564
on the right the uh the galaxies on the left are interacting they're a long way
away merging but eventually they'll merge to form an elliptical galaxy all
three of the main galaxies here are more than 60 million light years away uh so
we're just getting further and further and I'm not sure how easy it is for you to see uh but up here for example
there's a small Galaxy and over over here another one and over here another
one and all of those are much much further in the distance we'll talk about
some of those in a moment galaxies don't
uh appear in the Sky by themselves too often uh often they appear in clusters
of galaxies and this is an example of a a cluster called the Perseus a Galaxy
cluster obviously it's in Perseus and all of the fuzzy things that you see in
this picture are galaxies and uh the the
uh center of the Galaxy lies about a quarter of a million light years away
for a long time this was the furthest object that I had ever imaged but um all
of these images are mine and we've still got some distance to travel yet
so I'd like you to look at this uh I actually had to put a red box around the name of this object because there's so
much yellow in the image it would have been hard to find this is the able 779
Galaxy cluster it's centered on uh the biggest galaxy NGC
2832 and it's about 300 million light years away which
is crazy but um I want to draw your attention to all the labels that are in
white because all of the white labels are labels from the Millie quas
catalog it's the million quazars project so every white
label marks the location in this image of a quazar and these quazars tend to be
at immense distances I just want to show you a couple that are highlighted at the
lower right of the uh image you just saw so um the top the quazer that's circled
in the top yellow circle is more than 9 billion years of light travel time
distant from us and uh the the lower one
12.8 billion years I don't know if you can see them as clearly as I can looking
at my screen but within the crosshairs both of those objects are very very
clearly visible um and if you if you can't see them clearly here go to my
website astrod O.C and have a look at the image which you can uh get at Full Resolution you'll
you'll definitely spot them in the annotated image so
um if you're interested in this you want to see more of my work check out Astro .
CAA if you have questions and you or you want to reach me reach me at our breacher
rogers.com the telescope uh and other equipment that I'm using now are shown
in this picture on the right uh thank you to Celestron they loaned me this fabulous c14 Edge and um other companies
like Primal luche qy opong have given me some other great equipment to go along
with it and um look out for my work in sky and Telescope amateur astronomy and
so on I love to write I love to teach I love to do these presentations for the
global star party so Scott thanks for having me again and again well we love
having you so thank you very much Ron that's great that's great okay um so uh
moving on uh you know as we make more Trails of of time here uh uh we go back
to um you know talking about Steve edberg Steve is um Steve is as I
mentioned one of my my uh mentors uh he's someone that really got me into uh
amateur astronomy it wasn't you know not only through his lectures and stuff like that but I was like I'm standing in awe
of this guy you know uh when I when I and he's still someone that is very
awesome but he is someone that uh I was introduced and was the first JPL
scientist that I'd met and uh and from that moment I just go wow this guy is
working on something every day that's traversing our solar system you know and
uh he is uh he was getting people involved in what I think maybe one of
the very first citizen science programs called International hollyw watch so I I I got the book I jumped on that
um I worked with a mutual friend that Steve and I uh had his name is Mark coko
and uh Mark uh uh could not stop speaking about uh how amazing Steve was
uh his energy and you know his um generosity uh to uh open up all of his
knowledge and everything to a bunch of amateur astronomers who are trying to find their way around the sky and um
Steve showed us how and he showed us how to uh uh take some steps into science
with International alley watch and um and now Steve tells me that after all
this time this is from 1985 and 86 that hi's comet is on its way back so Steve
I'll turn this over to you thank you so much thank you Scott whoops yep can you hear
me yes okay thank you Scott I'm gonna share my screen now and
come up with oops I hope this got it
and go to the start
right okay and boom almost like I knew what I was
doing thank you uh actually I I should show you I dug deep down into a drawer
to find this
t-shirt which is the logo t-shirt of the international hi watch yeah we can't we
can't see your T-shirt um because well your screen I can see at the at the end
you'll have to show it okay it's pretty all right anyway so I had I had to do that since
you since we brought it up yeah it instead of now looking far we're
going to be looking close and there are times when I wonder whether in in
talking about the flashes in the sky that that are meteors whether we should
really be talking about astronomy or meteorology or or really something in
between but I'm not going to have that conversation today uh I will try and
bring in various threads and I am punning significantly there uh with this
conversation so with that as introduction when I'm talking about flashes I'm talking about meteors when
I'm talking about fuzzies I'm talking about comets and uh since since Scott asked me to do
this put this together I I had to Fig find out where hi's comet is and today
oh just about an hour ago hi's Comet was Ina and was and will be for quite a
while yet in Kanis minor a small dog in the evening Sky uh the
magnitude the the prediction from The Horizon system at at JP which I still
use and is what is open open and available to anyone who wants to use use
it uh you'll see the the URL down at the bottom uh it it had it does predict a a
total magnitude for the comet and a nucleus magnitude and a magnitude overall for the comet of 25.6 I actually
don't believe because this comet is probably doing nothing but just soaking
up the Rays and not getting warm enough to do anything out at its present distance 35.3 astronomical units from
Earth and uh 35.1 from the Sun and I
think that it's more likely to be around magnitude 29.1 I did actually go and look for a
picture of it which I had seen well taken several years ago and of course it
looked very Stellar then but I couldn't couldn't find that picture I couldn't find any other more recent ones but the
interesting thing that I did find because I chased it down was that actually uh the comet did turn around
uh just pretty recently on on December 9th 2023 between 1 and 2 100 hours universal
time on that date and was at its greatest distance from the Sun at that
time and it's swinging around by the 28th of July it'll be about magnitude
2 in 2061 so we've got a quite a bit of time
to wait for it to uh get around but I'm hoping to see it a second time now me
too we'll we'll see what happens yeah David we we'll go together at least get
somebody to push our wheelchairs out together how's that uh out there with you okay Scott
too all three of us anyway um the UN unfortunate part of
this for for 2061 because we can look at at these motions and make these
predictions is that overall the visibility is not going to be as good as it was in 1986 or
1910 but boy if you wait till the 2100s you're going to have a real Whopper of a
of a view of that Comet uh it's coming to about 10 million miles from Earth at
that time so that's where the comet is now
and why does that matter well because um that
this is what this was what cap was captured in 1982 the earliest um
actually moment when the comet was captured on a return uh four years
before parah helian I think at the time was about magnitude 23 this was was a
digital image from the uh hail telescope the the 200 in 5 meter telescope there
on palar mountain and uh this proba well
I'm not sure if this was one of the 500 by 500 ccds they may have been using at that time or even a thousand by thousand
or if it was still a a a VidCon or an orthicon system but either way it was uh
they did catch it and uh that's what it looked like which was not much of course A lot changes in four years when it came
to uh parah helion really just about four years after this picture was
taken um so what's the relation of comets and meteors and uh the relation
is this comets have two Tales here you can see Ali's comet in March of
1986 and uh one of those really good nights this is taken by Bill Liller from
Easter Island and uh you can see it's ion tail or gas
tail the bluish one here and you can see a tail here and while it all disperses
over time and really rapidly it doesn't mean it actually goes
away and so if by chance the
particles that are in the tail of the Comet um are they're actually orbiting
with the comet moving away so each particle has a slightly different orbit
it's severely affected by the pressure of sunlight over time um but they the
the particles are still there and uh if they orbits migrate in the right
direction we may eventually see meteors in the sky that radiate from a point
that matches where um they're all coming from where the the comet's orbit is as
we view that direction and here's an example of actually three uh meteor here
is these this happened to be uh a Geminid two Geminids one here one here
right at the end of this Trail and if you draw these back they go they meet back here uh somewhere near the
constellation of Gemini Twins and then there's one meteor that uh we commonly
call sporadic or it's at least it has no apparent membership in a uh in among
other meteors that might be following it at the same time over that night so
sporadic is typically the name but it could be such an infrequent shower that we can't even identify it and I just
kind of got lucky with these but it it makes the point that there's a lot of dust out there from a lot of objects now
how many may you might be wondering and I will actually tell you I was surprised
when I uh got this table put together because the last time I'd actually
looked at at this we only knew about a third to maybe a half of these
assignments of parent bodies to meteor showers so uh the second column lists uh
some of the major and a few minor meteor showers through the whole year and uh
interestingly enough many of them have now been identified with specific comets
you can see the see the Ada Aquarius are assigned to P that means uh
the first periodic Comet that was assigned uh known as a periodic
Comet here is 7p pwn vinck and down here again is one p hiy
with the orionids so how how do these assignments get made and it's a matter of first of
all a lot of work um getting the meteor orbits
determined and that is possible with with the equipment we have nowadays and and in fact nowadays a
hundred years ago even this was this was being done and it's
also uh because we now know a lot of orbits for a lot of objects if you look
carefully you'll see that a lot of these uh are not not a lot a few are not
comets uh quadrantids are due to an asteroid
that has no other name but it's a known asteroid so it has a number 1 196
256 lot of comets coming down here and in fact in this Set uh well 2004
tg10 uh assigned to the northern TDS and 3200 fyon is the parent object
again an asteroid uh that is the source of the the two Geminids that I showed
you earlier it was also the source of the exchange of between two betting
astronomers on whether or not phon would end up showing that it
had uh some cometary activity it did not and so I understand a case of scotch
went from one of those astronomers to another on the basis of no detection
of any cometary activity well now let me move to Hal's
Comet and its orbit and I'm going to uh mention again that Horizon system
I got this uh I asked for it to show me what the H's comets orbit was and this
is it you can see it uh coming here it
actually is has just passed Aid aelion it's most distant point in
the Sun and it's going to start Falling Towards the sun in this direction now the reason I'm
doing that and you're thinking well wait a minute aren't we looking kind of down on the solar system and I'm saying
you're absolutely right but hie goes around the Sun backwards compared to the
or the Motions of the planet so while they're going around counterclockwise Al
is going around clockwise and that ends up uh presenting uh part of what we see
with the meteoroids that we have seen with that the Ado aquarids and the
orionids with a much uh higher speed
than is common also notice we usually see orbits placed uh just on paper and
it looks like a long cigar on the same plane as the planets and it goes out Beyond Neptune and certainly this goes
out Beyond Neptune you can see that but what you can't usually see is that it's
the shift in the plane that it has the the inclination of its orbit and up here
I've magnified that and I'm sorry it's not quite as easy to see the uh gray
bars here but they are up here hi's comet in in white and it's going up well above the
orbit of or the the the plane of the solar system here not a
huge amount but but certainly enough that we have to have the situation where
all those separate particles that get dropped every time uh it goes by the
sun um eventually change their orbits enough for two things to happen first of
all they have to drift in towards the Sun or or out from the Sun depending on
which side we are but they ALS Al have to find their way such that they are close enough to us that their orbit
intersects Earth and that Earth intersects uh collides with
them and that is what ends up giving us a meteor in the
sky and so this happens has two options one happen happening actually it's over
here with the Ada aquarids and the other side uh the orionids in
October and so um that is why we have meteor showers so what are we missing
now the this there is this interesting um link that we have to them and this
takes us really from life on Earth all the way out to uh the Supernova that
exploded and started the formation of the solar system back 4.57 billion years ago
and uh bringing the the molecules necessary to what became our planet and
uh all the Comets that must have impacted the planet over time to have delivered a lot of those molecules and
some of the water at least to our planet so when you see one of these meteors um
think about what's happening uh what what you're seeing is the light generated as the dust particle uh
roughly the size of grain of sand uh is frictionally destroyed uh
heated up by the collision with Earth's upper atmosphere about uh 100 kilometers
about 60 miles above the ground and so we get to see that light
sometimes when they're bigger we get a much brighter a meteor a fireball out of that um but I've never seen an Aquarian
or orionid Fireball and in fact the best best gemed Fireball I saw was uh just
last December when it reached between minus8 and minus
9 so the Ada aquariids are visible um
starting about the 19th of April detectable is the way I should say it to about the 28th of May we missed the peak
by a couple of days but you could still see some the rate is currently quoted as
about 40 per hour uh I used to think of it as being 30 per hour but I I have to tell you that when
you look at these lists it's important to remember that what they're telling
you is the zenithal hour hourly rates the zhr which requires perfect conditions of
weather and transparency good a very very good dark sky and your eyes being able to see a
full hemisphere of the sky all at the same time and really most of us can't do
that and so what I will tell you is that under average conditions with being
comfortable and a decent decently dark sky um you might normally see about 20
per hour uh as you made observations of this at the peak and for comparison the
sporadic meteor rate is typically about 3 three per hour the
meteors U will not become visible until Aquarius rises in the East uh sometime
after midnight an hour or so um and then the rest of the night you have the
chance of seeing them this is very got Illustrated to me uh very distinctly
when I was observing those 1998 uh leonids where the sh power just
was doing nothing and as soon as the radiant Rose meteors started falling
including one that had about 120 degree path along the sky it was skimming the atmosphere just fantastic not bright but
covered a long um stretch of Sky which of course shortened as the
radiant got higher um I mentioned threads here
because in fact when you think about a comet what it does each time it makes a pass around the Sun it loses dust and
that dust migrates as I mentioned before also because those dust particles
all came and were released by the comet in one particular parhelion passage when
it was closest to the Sun um they form a
stream of their own that can be associated with the parhelion dat so in this case the threat of meteoroids
that we are crossing um this period from April into
May uh was released during the Comets pelian passage in 984 before the Common
Era BCE and so um we're talking about seeing
things that are well um almost 3,000
years old that got released a thou 3 thou almost 3,000
years ago and then again just for the record coming up we will have in
October from the 2nd to the 7th detectable orionid meteors with the peak
around the 21st of October at 6 hours UT um this this rate is somewhat
variable also a little lower and as I mentioned I would still also recommend
to you that or just remind you that the it's not going to be very busy even
under average conditions um the map here shows where the where the radiant is and
over time just because everything's moving in the solar system the radiant moves it doesn't move much in usually in
one night's time but over you know the two or three weeks to five weeks that you can see something like this you can
detect these the the radiant moving both for Ada aquariids orionids and other
meteor showers as well and again Rises about midnight and you
should be able to see them except that there's going to be a gibbus moon that
will be uh pretty much interfering with a dark sky so this is not an especially
Good Year to watch for the Orion uh one other thing is that these meteors
are quite fast because we are running into them more or less headon and so
they're they travel at about 66 kilometers per second um that's uh about
36 miles per second and uh so these are
are very brief meteors moving quite fast on the sky something like the Geminids
are much slower and if you are fortunate enough to see a draconid shower uh in
early October uh those are even slower yet because those meteoroids are actually catching up on Earth and
managing to fall just a little bit faster than uh than the minimum velocity
escape velocity that they would be falling at if they came from Infinity without any motion so I think that's it
for me and I
will stop sharing and okay all
right so that's great David um I know
that you and Steve have been very longtime friends um and uh 40 years
David yeah you're muted there David you are muted you're muted David
we can't hear you're muted you are
muted man we wish we could
hear oh we're missing something that it was
amazing yeah D you were muted that whole time you gotta hit your
button you're still muted maybe we can can you unmute him
Scott no uh-uh okay here I can ask to
unmute here we go I think he realizes what's happening
right now David say
something he is saying now we can hear you
now okay sorry about that but uh I really I always always enjoy your lectur
Steve and especially this one because just last night I was observing meteor
showers but not the Eda aquaries it was the May lib meteor watch
for me and I saw one faint one uh from that little shower coming
out of uh Libra and right into my telescope and it kind of burnt a little hole in the um
mirror and so I had to paint it with uh Barber Shop anyway anyway so that's
that's kind of what happened but um um uh my my friendship with Steve
actually began with the Hy watch we had a wonderful long friendship during that
time punctuated by one uh administrative meeting Steve was
in charge of the amateur observations net and I was working with Steve Larson
at the near near nucleus studies DEET and I started we were kind of paying
attention and then Steve started to tell jokes Whispering jokes and I would start
laughing and uh everyone was kind of stare at us and I call get very very um
very quiet and then St would come up with another joke and then we just started laughing and laughing until
after a while the meeting stopped
and the person running it looked at us and said would you two guys please grow
up um I'm happy to say Stephen I don't think we ever
did and we haven't but anyway it was it's been a
long and pleasant friendship and um and it's really good
to see you again and to see you still active in the field and I I hope I'll see you in person at some point thank
you Steve likewise D Steve thank you all right that's great well uh David we've
got um uh Adrien Bradley is up next here
uh Adrian's uh work is getting uh you know during the last Global star party
uh he announced that um his work was about to be published in astronomy magazine so it was a lot of fun uh you
know David ier was on uh with us and was also
talking about U uh Adrian's work in the magazine and um uh but uh some of the
people that were in the audience were remarking how they remember Adrien when
he first came on to and his progression in uh his work you know just continues
to get better and better and and uh I know that Adrian got a big shot of
inspiration and energy from uh your comments about seeing some of his uh
early works and so I think that uh that that's one of the best things that
happens in amateur astronomy you get to meet people that are going to uh you
know it could be a small comment it could be uh you know a Night Under the
Stars you know where some somebody says something um or or or shows you
something and uh and that can just lead you on to this lifelong journey and so
my my journey is very similar to something like that so Adrien thanks for coming on global star party and um we're
gonna turn the stage over to you all right well thank you Scott and thank you
for those of you who um made that comment I've heard um I have heard that they've seen
the images and um that getting better and better and I can tell you um like I
did last week that a lot of that happens when I took my focus off of trying to
make these photographically beautiful pictures many of you out there are very good at doing that and I focus on one
simple thing if D liked the photo then there must be something to it um I stuck
with the astronomy as the theme and I said it's a nightscape it's something
like I have in my uh background here where you know you've got a nearly fully
eclipsed Sun here and the color of what's going on with
um you know taking the picture doing composits not to not to make one side
overly more impressive than the other but to really balance them and I'll go
ahead and share screen and what you're going to see with some of these latest images I just took
them uh Sunday night you know first here's the first page of the article I
wanted to share that so pick up your copy of astronomy magazine or if you get
to Zeno and you have your copies if I exit to library you'll have all your copies so I not only am a part of one
I like reading astronomy magazine so you know really enjoying so now going
through the uh images that I took last night and we talk about I think it's
Trails of time Scott you can correct the theme tonight yes that's the theme so
Trails of time and you know the time moves on and there I ended up with a
bunch of star Trails for the composits I tried to do and they weren't going to be the greatest but this was uh testing
something new that I'm looking to perfect and that's to get with all of you who do this already the stacking of
your Sky Images to marry with a foreground now my goal is I'm going to
stack images using wide angle L focal links like 16 mm and in doing so I'm
hoping that you know the noise that you may see will be reduced with the stacking now
what's interesting is what you can see with a 16 mimer lens you've got the uh starfish
here I think M38 um M37 M36 I believe it's the uh pin wheel
cluster and then M35 over here in Gemini and you see them all when zooming
in 16 mm lens you can still you can essentially look back at your image if
you get it sharp enough and pretend you're doing binocular astronomy you can see that you need a lot of work in
blending in trees trees are some of the toughest things to blend in because
you're your automatic software doesn't always pick up every single branch in
every single um every single dip nook and cranny in a row of trees in a forest
but I love shooting in a forest because it's um you know the nights Sky there
when there's no development allowed we got to 21.6 on the sqm DL meter and if
you know what that means this was a bort 3 sky as um as we were passing
astronomical Darkness here we weren't quite there there's still this glow the remaining glow from Sunset and I started
testing um what I could do you see some dust Lanes of the Milky Way here that is
was receding to the Northwest on through to the north which
I believe this is Polaris here and getting to the Northeast um so once
again not every image is perfect but every image is something for me to learn
from and uh so I still keep these because there's great Stepping Stones
this was using 35 millimeter and we go in and we look at
orri and we look at some of our star clusters we can see we we picked up we
we picked them up there's we don't have all the stars here because we're shooting at 35 millimeter but now we've
got this Haze over here um it's greenish
I'm thinking maybe it's a cloudy Haze covering M35 and this lower part of
Gemini there's M35 right there it's greenish so you know we
wonder if anything else could be going on tonight well so here we are those of you
that do astrophotography will be familiar it it turned it turned out a bit faceless here
um depending on how big your screen is but you're looking at one of my mentors
Brian Adam whom maybe later Scott I'll try and see if I can get him on the show
he's trying to catch the uh was it the inner flux nebula don't think I got the
IW right so m52 and or m81 and 82
there's a um flux nebula that's there um that a
lot of imagers if I recall would thought it was just noise and would you know
cancel it out or get rid of it but it turns out it's there we're just looking
through that part of the Milky Way towards those galaxies and that nebula is there so
he's trying to capture it here he is next to his camper well it's RV and he's
working on it meanwhile you have cassieopia and at one point I found the
stars of cassieopia um don't ask me to find it again because
now I'm not sure well here's a double cluster so that's what I use and then somewhere over here I think I had traced
them out double clusters here heart and the soul and the top crown of an auroral
outburst that happened while we were at this facility and then all the other stars this was a 30second exposure and
meant to recreate what it looked like to stare out at the night sky none of this
was easily visible um especially we we were killing our dark adaptation all the
time with you know Imaging no one had a telescope here but we
were you we were looking up at the sky and it got good as copia and signis
began to rise so here still struggling a little bit with our trees trying to seamlessly
move them in because when you do long exposures 240 1 seconds you get star
Trails going through and the star Trails The Starlight pokes through the trees so
that means just taking a if I do a more closer up image I'm going to have to
figure out a way to take a shorter exposure that will not create a star
Trail but be at the same exposure level as my longer one so some more
experiments will be coming um Barnard d as you may know from other images I like
to see if Barnard's e is fairly sharp and if there's some space here um once
you can see that you have alter denb and then those of you that love to image
this region you when you can see some of the detail the pel the uh North American and
the Pelican nebula here then the Seder region somewhere around there the Crescent nebula should show up I'm not
seeing it right now um sometimes you miss amateur astronomy sometimes you
miss certain features depending on how you do the image um for something as
small as a crescent it pays to take longer images but here you've got the signis rift which is not always is the
most popular part of the uh Galactic plane but getting detail there you know
it's a stepping stone to getting more detail later on um this cluster I believe is an IC
cluster that is in serpents and this this cluster is an NGC
object I believe it's 6688 and it sits in ukus so right here
you've got a boundary and I believe this dark nebula actually sits in Hercules
that dark nebula didn't seem to come out too well but it's right here that's the uh Plankton I call it
the Plankton dark nebula it's got another real name but it reminds me of Plankton those of you who do Milky Way
Imaging you you'll see this dark nebula in your
images and to me it just looks like Plankton so so there we go and then finally one of
the things I'm going to write about um looking to continue doing some writing
and just sharing my story of capturing space from Earth capturing our universe
and especially the part of our universe surrounding what we can see of the galactic
arm um I want to get into what light pollution does and how it uh how it
affects certain areas even out here in an undeveloped part of Michigan uh Northern
lower Michigan it they we're not allowed to develop anything because this is part
of a national forest however there's development and there's towns some 50 50
miles away and those towns still even even up to 100 miles away those towns
can still kick up enough glow interrupt um what we could see if
this were to go all the way all the way down to the ground here um you'd see
some of the other the bottom part of the Scorpion right here would be easily
visible if it wasn't canceled out by this distant town so the effect of um
light pollution um some imagers will just take this out
one of the things I like to do is leave everything in because that's it
corresponds to something that's really there if I take a good image and it's not an artifact or you know some smudge
in my camera lens it's really there all these streaks are really there and it
remains to be seen if those streaks truly are um if they're satellites
planes or little meteors most of the time
you can kind of tell I would say that this is a satellite but some of these streaks like
this one that might have been a meteor now this is um Sagittarius here so not
sure which uh meteor shower uh particular meteor shower it
would belong to but and this was taken Sunday night so
if you are going to image pick a time in which you can go to bed in the morning and recover I had to work after doing
this that night and after my drive it wasn't too much fun uh real quick story before I turn it
over Scott um okay yeah here Trails of time this would be a perfect image for
that um trying to clean these up was such a bother that I just didn't do it I just
left some of those in so that shows how far the sky moved um as I was
taking the land image uh while I was doing this I have an old um I had an old
unit that uh it's a compressor and you know in a pinch it could jump start a
car well the compressor came on I touched some touched the button for it to come on I couldn't make it go off now
I've got other compressors I've got a smaller one but that old old
compressor drove me nuts could not turn it off closed it up in the car while I
took the image it was still going I decided I did not want to listen to that
noise while I was heading home so right at this very spot you're looking at
everyone behind you and I'm off the side of the road I decided since the galactic
core Rose and I could see it I wanted to get an image so I stopped got out
um behind you at this very spot lies a big yellow uh compressor that just would not
stop trying to inflate a tire now you may ask why didn't you just use it give
your tire some more air and it would stop well if that didn't work out and I
lowered the pressure in my tire now I'm in the middle of nowhere with a bad tire so I didn't do it instead I gave that
thing over to the animals who can use it over there or if anyone Drives By and they pick it
up and I'm using a different one um so this one I call the compressor shot
because uh it uh it was going off while I was trying to gather this image so with that
I'll stop sharing my screen um you know thank you all for
having me on as always The Adventures of doing night sky photography are in and
of themselves sometimes worth it and most of the time there's an image that
I'll say that I miss or it's an image that I've already taken
um really quick I well without I won't reshare the screen because we'll go on
to the next one but I did stop at a site that I had taken an image before and
just sort of looked out over the asabo river um it's it's a it's a beautiful
part of land I had already done an image of the asabo river and looking up at the
Milky Way as it was rising and um I I saw it again um it looked like there was
some Haze in the sky around it but um I was reminded of the last time I crossed
the asabo river and looked up and decided to just stop take an image and
hope no one would run me over as I was uh taking that image yes the the
challenge that you have when you're just stopping in the side of the road and taking images you can get beautiful
images but you can also get run over so I would advise everybody be careful out
there if you're going to look for images or ways to capture the night sky with
whatever is surrounding you and you want to be safe know your surroundings um
some of the darkest places out there are they could be some of the spookiest
because it's really dark there's there's no other light to guide you other than
the one that you should be wearing on your forehead or carrying with you and you really have to know your equipment
because you may have to Fumble around with it in the dark um because as soon
as you shine a bright light you've lost your vision and now you have no idea what's around you so so be careful out
there enjoy the night sky when you can get it and Scott I will turn it back
over to you okay I appreciate that thanks Adrien one thing I would like to
add is that listening to um Adrian's presentation just now is the variety of
what you've arranged Scott for these Global star parties we have Steve edberg
talking about comets yes and we have Adrien going right from the Majesty of
comets to The Wonder of the night sky J toos with pictures and so Adams Ty
pictures of the foreground yeah and uh I just wanted to point that out there's
one of the Beauties unfortunately I'm gonna have to depart at this point but I will see you next week all right de
always good to see you and I will be at Alcon I forgot to announce that oh great
I get to see you at Alon yep I am driving straight to your presentation on Wednesday and I'm going to pull up and
it'll be great to meet you it'll be great to meet you all Scott if you're there to see in and I like uh couple
years ago I will offer myself up if uh if there's a short talk that anyone
needs to give it Alcon I'll be happy to share some things uh but I think the
planning is probably already done but definitely looking forward you you never know you you should um if you want to
give a talk uh you should submit something to uh one of the officers they
you know they off Chuck Allen still in the background there so yeah yeah Chuck or Carol L or
Terry man I know I've talked to I've talked to him and then I would be remiss if I didn't go without saying hola to uh
Robert who has the uh Moon pictures over there and of course Cesar which is why I
said hola hola Cesar it's good to see you
again Global star parties I I happy to to watch your your pictures
in astronomy magazine is something that you deserve I was so happy to know that
uh that you have a printed printer pictures because I I am from another
time you know maybe maybe one of this we appreciate
when when we watch something printed I see your picture uh with the the astronomy
Magazine with your picture and I need a copy for me that that somebody get a sign one
from Adrian you know so absolutely I gotta figure out how to do
I got to get a few of them and ship them out yeah they'll be maybe I'll bring some of those to uh Alcon in Kansas City
bring some sign that might be might be an idea but but sayar you were there uh and deid
suggested the scottt hey bring bring him on he does uh nightscapes you
know and it's it's been a wonderful ride ever since and of course I'm always here
just sort of representing where I come from there's so many lights no one's you know no
one's just interested in the night sky unless they're laying on their back and you know it's when I share this with uh
folks um in the city city of Detroit and and I've had nothing but huge support
from them they've you they get excited and seeing me do this and they they've
they've also been a big part of just continuing to go um bowling Community
you'd be surprised the communities that see what I'm doing um very few of them
anymore are asking and those are your pictures they're just saying we love to see it so um you know I have to mention
the Warren astronomical Society University lowb astronomers Royal Astronomical Society of Canada I
got to try and make a meeting one of these days and um think there's and of course out um astronomical League um and
anyone else I've met has always been a has been a big part of the journey including that gentleman that I took a
picture of sitting there in the corner so it's a but it doesn't stop I mean
that this all started when I decided I wanted to share my passion for astronomy
not chase a I want to be the best astrophotographer in Michigan I I didn't
that didn't work so well and but when it came time to share better than
imagine well and that maybe there's some impost syndrome going on I admit that
you know but what keeps me going knowing that my grandfather was a photographer
and now I have a chance to sort of pass this on to my kid kids and to pass it on to everyone and just say go you know if
you have a passion for something you have to you got to go and do it you got to see what happens and get the right
people on board to help guide you along the way so uh so with that I think is it
uh is it Cesar we got we got people waiting for Cesar to uh to talk about
this star party that happened down in Argentina so I will I will drop into
background just listen on and Cesar come on yes and and really and really
uh I thought uh in you Adrian because we
had a sky incredible um was full of star with a Milky Way totally printed in the
sky this kind of Milky Way that you can touch and you can feel in a in a in a
level that we in the star party
we say the coincidence or say the same that we forget a a so so clear sky so um
so like a painted uh Milky Way incredible because I I I saw the bigy wi
in each store party but we was slck to have a a sky and I thought in you I
remember you and say okay Adrian next year because we are thinking return to
the same place it's only 200 kilometers from uh our ER regular place where we go
that is San Rafael well I start sharing my screen uh with the presentation
let me know if you are watching this the yep we can see we see your uh yep
now we present slide you're watching the first slide yeah okay because you we we
know that it's not easy sharing the screen is is full of of something like a
like a glitches or or um some kind of problems but but okay well uh we had the
star party Vash Grande the
2024 Edition ER our um partners are
Institute of copernico that the director is Dr haime Garcia my friend and I made with Hae
Garcia a around 20 star parties or 20
years we was making star parties only only um 20 20 years we are making
together star parties star parties sorry and um really we enjoyed um every year
that we can do it uh really it's it's a
a great a great um experience where we
receive friend um that we feel like family and it's the
incredible people that came to each star party every year to to to share Noland
no or to share image or a carry
telescope make the sacrifice that this go to a place um spend money going with
a a telescope on share with the people people with another people of course
that I know that is a pleasure for everyone uh well our
our business Sako is is the is the sponsor
naturala Turismo is the company of our friend Cecilia laki Cecilia is a as
she's a specialist in all that is tourismo tourist and she made all about the whole
you know all the logistics um the we um work in in in
this Trio yeah uh from many years um we
are happy to share tonight um the experience of our last star
party our last star party was not in the in the San Rafael in The Bash Grande
that we call it bash Grande that is near to San Rafael the r 12 if not we change
for only Logistics uh things of organizations uh 2 kilomet 200
kilometers more 200 kilometers is around 100 100 50 miles a little less um and we
go more to the South and to the west to the cord de losandes area um and it's
13 hours driving from buenos Iris and uh
you have the options to go to ER Mendoza
in in plain in flying Avion uh you can fly to mendosa or San Rafael we for
example this this year we choose the organization we choose go
from uh from aop par deenos to San Rafael
and rent a track uh go to the L Moses that is the area where we make the star
party something that I show in the last in the last Global star party uh before
go to the star party was this part of the map where you have some kind of
lights but this is a Sky Resort and now
these lights are to are turn off and the
quality of the entire area wow is excellent and this is don't exist
doesn't exist this in in in this kind in this time of the year because only they
turn on the lights for ski uh for skiing only in in
Winter and here we had we are in this area and this area of Las Lenas is a
throw some mountains that I'll show you the area how is and the place is really
interesting uh because do you have uh a lot of mountains well
pictures can show more than my words this is the
hotel where we where we went um we make
the the star party party and mostly of the people on on the center of of uh of
uh dinner lunch or everything was in this hotel but we used another hotel
more near to this hotel uh because we was filled in the
rooms um we was we complete the rooms uh and we was lucky to use another Hotel
more this is the view from the hotel what do you think and this small location is Los
Moses very very small very very small town really a beautiful place well we
started to to put telescope in the in the in the field in the area of parking um the
place was excellent excellent to to uh to use the parking area for for
telescope the of course the hotel in the night turn it off all lights
um uh the quality of the sky was was amazing I like to show you the people
like uh and if I remember the names sometimes I don't remember the names but
ER the people can from Argentina can er uh um put in the
comments their names if I forget something okay and um Luc vanasco my son
atin Jor V I think that this here is the the son
of Lucas uh um here you can see how the
the this explor scientific 127 Scott is H it's over uh exos this is
the the Lucas vanasco equipment and the first day the
first day all people that came H to the star party started to connect things and
proove the things for the first night we had 90 people that is a a good number
for Argentina sometimes it's uh our idea is return to more people to to to have
more than 300 but at n 90 people
actually is a miracle um here is is the typical thing
that I love from the star par is the people that carry their their stuff um
start to to put the tripods and you know it's the folklore is the the things
about the the star Parish that is the same in every place in the world and I
loved it I love it more more stuff more gears more
telescopes and a mix of uh you know uh a mix between cassan telescope
maxo um refractors uh newtonians it's something that is
everywhere is the same here yeah yeah yes yes here ju
Pablo Pacho um Serio cowo
um Alejandro veli here but I I'll give you I'll show you
more the flags of of our company the
sponsor you got a nice place to get out of the
yes the the exos to uh Martin is a collaborator in the in the for of of uh
of uh pmca with another guys
um um writing some code for connect to as
PL or you know it they have they have a more fun connection conting that using
the telescope that is something that is a a new yes
and I I appreciate this because the people can collaborate and making a
better ER thing over the staff over the he the gears and this is something that
never appears and this this is great because it's something
new here I I took the picture of uh uh um Juan Pablo patacho H in the end of
the presentation I show you the quality of the pictures that that Juan Pablo took with the this gear that is a um
Apple 0 explor scientific over a ex exos
100 um this a it's a funny picture because ju Pao was finding something in
the track uh you know when you need something that is in the in the you know
in possible to to to to get um well it's
was a funny sequence of pictures where where Juan Pablo needed to to go to to
to get something from the end of the box of the
track and this is a a fun picture too of Martin re showing like a this is my
telescope my gear um uh a picture of H uh in the preparing
the night um he's a great astrophotographer
too Alejandro [Music] velli um preparing tripod Alejandra V is
a great collaborator for for um about Optics um Optics optical forms and
calculations over IP or he's a fan of
explor scientific eyepieces he have a collection of 80 ey pieces in their in
their own boxes Roberto clavier here sorry I took something wow it's a lot of
glass yes I took
the too much sensitive the the
mouse okay here okay Roberto glav here
is a a great collaborator for the South parties here you have another staff mixing a syon Sion
telescope with a exos 100 the exos 100 are going to be popular in Argentina
really and exos 2 in another another um configuration over another
another 127 a better picture of
this Sergio kowo is a great as photographer um um excellent um educ is
he is a volunteer educating uh he's an engineer and he love to educate uh kids
about astronomy he used an explor scientific uh in carbon
fiber um he's a explor scientific fan too here is the gear of Juan Pablo that
he used CWB uh camera uh C camera for for
guiding H exos 100 for ASM and explore
scientific 80 mm
APO that's great yes thank you yes wait to see the pictures that he had he made
Reading one palalo is uh remarking sayar you are the best seller of export
scientific telescopes I know I know to Juan Pablo
uh from his 14 years old the first time that he came to to the store um with his
father um he actually is is like a friend is like a he told me that I I I
as I was a mentor for him he told me he told me this but and I appreciate this
and this is right this is when where you selling this and you finish going to be
a friend of your past customer and really we I I was in your in in ju
Pablo Sebastiano says 14 but he's 50
now Pablo have good friends here yes yes yes
yes and yes uh well Juan Pablo Serio cowo and this is we went to Las Lenas
you can visit because it's very near this is only at I don't know it's more that 15 kilometers this is the the sky
resort and we we went in the morning to go to to to to walk in by the by the sky
lines you know um look how clear yes it's a beautiful transparent
you know it's very ni yes absolutely absolutely it's a very nice ski ski
Center yes his part is is not the Corda if not we call it the
precord um yes we had a in the morning every day we have different tracking uh
visit and another places um really was an excellent an excellent
experience for a lot of people this is a a picture of um Pablo baros that took
the the picture of the people that that go to to the Volcan
malakar and this is a place where you can go and visit ER in our St Paris H
it's do you have a lot of things do you have two different uh observatorios and a lot of things in the
area H to visit in the morning the and really really uh we had a lot of
different experience you can go to the ski Center or the or
here the name of this is boso is incredible place is in the
another part where in this area outside up sorry up downside in this area of the
mountain in the another place is the ski the ski resort ski
Center and in this area you have a big have huge huge Valley Valley and here
you have the real Corda and another another side is
Chile look that it's incredible you can go it's all near to the to the place of
the of the star star party well we ever ever we love to eat
argentinians especially we love a good food is like a music for for our souls
it's beautiful and we had a an excellent excellent meetings in dinners and and
lunch H talking with all friends and this was was the a great part was a
beautiful part of the night um in one of this there dinners we
have music um really was of f
glor very nice very nice things um here Luca
Roco uh a my son was like a like a
percussionist that's cool yes yes because he he he studied something of of
Music he's an excellent astrop photographer too yes he love he love astrophotography yes absolutely yes and
the best of things is that that H all people H know know together and talk um
he for example atin many many times help people about Connections about the
connection that every day is more complicated um but it's more fun for the
people that love you know connected different softwares or use Nina and
connect the kind of Mount in another systems uh well um I would still love to
to give support for this um it it's very interesting well here uh it's part of of
the of the conventions the the Ts that
every night H we we offer uh every night sorry in the
in the from the lunchtime um from the after the
nap at to near to the we made a coffee
break a coffee break um to talk more no no so extensive but we think that first
the people in the morning go to the to to make a tracking visit another places
in the area um after the nap to the to
the evening er uh we we make we have the
traditional STS from normally from professional astronomers or specialist
for example the Dr Ana Granada and she's
from Carlos de San Carlos Deo um she she talk
about the B stars for example um
ba I I don't know to say exactly in English but it's it's a it's the kind of
Stars For example Octavio
Gila Octavio uh it's
um let me is a conet
investigator I know I remember that we uh we he he had the price of a explore
scientific telescope because we make a yes we typically we uh make a Soro uh
with numbers you know um he was a uh the
he had the priz of the explor scientific telescope I remember this and they with
their friends they started to use he's a doctor a stronger doctor and he start to
use the the explore scientific telescope the refractor of 90 mm in the star party and
they was happy really because sometimes he told me that sometimes as as
professional astronomers don't have the enough a time to enjoy a visual the
visual ER telescope um really H he was
really happy with this he talk about about a question about
planets Marcelo Miller Dr Marcelo
Miller is investigator of conet Marcelo
told us about nebula planetary nebulas was it
really really interesting Gabriel benoa Gabrielle it's
a friend today is the Gabrielle um
birthday oh happy birthday happy birthday Gabriel yes happy birthday yes
it's a it's a great friend it's it's the guy that when you called me one time uh
and I was returning with Gabriel from a um ass Argentina asomia meeting um you
listen to to Gabrielle Gabriel say okay we are we are going to wois and we don't
like to to drive at night Gabriel told me drive now because in the in the night
the road is really dangerous but they remember that we we was together talking about this I talk with you in a in a gas
station in the road I I remember uh Gabrielle talk about after the bank and
his specialist is is a doctor in in cosmology he's is really a
great a great professional very
good talking about [Music]
inflation Catalina Catalina told
about reach of the cosmos or maybe Treasures of the cosmos exploration
exploitation ah okay about meaning about meaning asteroid meanings was really
really interesting fed federo Garcia federo is
is a a genius that he is a specialist in x uh x ray astronomy um and he told
about the binaries stars in in X rise
Alejandro V uh made a a talk about Optics the
transformada May the something like a Fier transforms or transformada Fier is
in Spanish is the you know the for the formula Scot that you know for for the
the calculate the resolution in Optics I see yes
simp and yes and they told in Optics
with hee Garcia I I don't have pictures of me um and Sebastian oo Sebastian
oo give us a um
a special variable Stars Sebastiano uh work in the American ass
ation varable star observers uh I invite to the global Star Party to Sebastian Otero because he have
more things more interesting than me to talk and I contact him to to invite to
Global s party um and it was really really interesting
uh the T that Sebastian give
us Adrian noi about spectrom was an excellent talk here is Sebastiano but I
don't have pictures of me or the T of me or the of or or the T of
Sebastian I don't know why I forget sorry sorry
sebastiana maybe maybe talk in the in the in the in the YouTube uh comments and say
where are my pictures s so Sebastian says you will not be forgiven yeah
yes this is a tough audience you have here yeah yeah yes it's they are
terrible because entire the entire the entire year Scott yeah they they follow
talking in the WhatsApp group that and they are around s 70 people all time all
talking one group okay yes yes no yes the entire year they start talking to
the next star party the entire year yes Rafael hirola that is a friend too that
we know to with Rafael a lot of years and this is the something that the
people give us that is the a the capture
of the screen capture of the cell phones because Adrian nowick the same the same
specialist in as in spectrometry he's a electronic engineer and he h support me
to have a an intranet with a um with a
uh transmission of the all things that we had in the telescope like a global
star party but the presential and you can get the image in the moment in your
cell phone and you can uh you can um how do you
say save save the the the image uh that
over like we can talk or specialist H over the kind of H objects that we show
in uh in the moment and atin was um atin
uh made magic because he had a um you know um goto Mount uh with a telescope
of uh near to near to two M uh focal
distance and with a very small ER sensor
and atin put all the old objects in the center there in the center um was a gray
for for me I feel I I felt really proud of my son because I said no no no you
know that sometimes look this is the the single image that
Austine the the astronomers say to Austine show that
this picture and talk over the live image for example
cusa Galaxia somier 101 and
three um this is only a a part of the galaxies an object that we show in the
moment in the star party I was really really fun
because er um still talking in the night was a great experience is something that
we we are going to continue in for the next star parties because you don't feel
a how do you say um the they they quantity of the light of your cell phone
to watch something you can put the lowest bright
in your in your screen and really something that the people the the people
told us that okay it's okay because we don't H lose the perception to the to
the low low light um or to the darkness
um and it's very very it's a great was a great idea H put this
in this is s party well this is the the go to the
night go to the night this is the the first pictures that I took uh the first
night with the cell phone but look the pictures that's really yes with a cell
phone yes yes the coke the the co so but but look this
this is with Sone to it's a picture that took Santiago look at that wter Garcia put
more time in the in the yes yes look that wow cell phone again is
it's a sky for for for Adrian it's a sky for Adrian I thought I remember they say
okay I need to call to Adrian say come on Adrian came to to to eat a um yes and
you too of course next year too yes March in the end of March prepare
yourself because an Adrian and everyone that came to and make the global St part
from aive in life from L Moses look that it's incredible incredible place with
the with the stream uh it's full of things to visit um this is the the area
of the hotel it's only crossing the road where the road is anybody came in the
night to this road because it's the is the the way to go to the ski Center the
the ski Center that in in this in this time of the year is empty without lights
um anybody can sky in the can can can make a ski in yes sking in in the grass
so how far how far by driving is it from from your City from bues 13 hours 13
hours 13 hours 12 13 hours I think that is too much to make in a in a one night
I think that is one day sorry H San Rafael is is a little less and you can
go in one day because are about you know is 12 but 13 it's not real 13 because
you have maybe it's you need to think in 14 but yeah if you can go you choose a
small telescope and take a plane because maybe the plane is cheaper than the the
the gas for your car maybe you need to to yes yes uh if not you can run a truck
or or use your car and I think that VES go to the to the how do you say to San
Raphael sleep in Raphael and the two or three hours for the next day is nothing
going to San Rafael City to Los Moses right well here Nani is a is a
woman that this he work in the Patagonia his company Patagonia ski and she give
us a lot of pictures for the people she loved to take pictures okay quiet with
the and it's it's lovely because you have H your picture or with the people
and the and the Milky Way and it's it's it's magic look
that very nice it's nice really really is nice because the the here is mostly
the East and you you can see how the the
the Milky Way is going up in in the sky
here is the area of Sagitario Sagittario and
Scorpio look that beautiful it looks like Milky Way just pouring out of that
Telescope yes is and this is yes and this is the core filling up the telescope that's what it's doing yes yes
do you know this telescope this explore scientific too yes another one yeah this
lovely telescope because it's a neonian very nice to to show this is me and
Miguel makan look that you need to make a start
Trail oh my God this is a picture DIY just looking
at it that's awesome ah it's it's a crazy two trail that made by woman Nani
and syia papalo they they woman are excellent Excellence for
astronomy in all that you can imagine that because it's a I think that is is a
the hobby the the activity that we can share um I I'm really it for I love the
the people that ER um men woman so don't care about this
but it's it's full of opportunities to mix with photography with observation
with s of course the science uh well come on it's it's a great a gray
activity yes look that it's incredible the color the colors of different Stars
I don't know where is I think that this is the sou cross but I don't know she use and here do you have the path of
something look that that's beautiful you can see the an
something like a a part of of
uh um some star it's great yeah look
that look this the the the the
magelan cloud oh yeah incredible with that this is a picture of Pablo varios
with a a small dog look
that it's a place where we need to that Adrian Bradley
came is the Disney for Adrian Disney World for a picture of
Martina well this is the picture of Juan Pablo patacho we have another one that is
beautiful in another position of Sergio cowo vs uses
the explor scientific 80 mm telescope look that the theak Karina nebula but
look the the the F of view of of this telescope is amazing is amazing I'll
show you the the original pictures and I put Zoom when I finish this
presentation this is in Pallet hav pet
ER have a pet filter hav pallet filter
sorry um we was in together in the picture of the
grow and this is all that organizators and exposure that I say I I I need to
say thank you um because H the the quality of the people it's amazing
really um I'll show you uh fastly as fast as
possible I don't know if um let
me where I need
to okay
and now okay you can see now the the
picture beautiful this is the this you can see the picture of it okay look that
because this is this is something that Optics good Optics can
make and good skill and good skill yes
that that's beautiful and dark skies look the look
theils look that yeah yeah so many areas where baby stars
are being born you know yes
M and it's full full full of details this area is totally amazing
yeah he used ju Pablo ju Pablo told well told me I I watched in the night and he
used around two hours two hour and half hours for this picture yes yes the
quality of the the quality of the sky and the quality of the Optics quality
and CCD of course so much and the M that work really properly
Scott you can feel you can feel how do you say you can
feel uh I don't know if I okay I feel a
sense of awe you know is what I feel it's really amazing look
that oh yeah it's a czy yeah yeah
yeah look the area you guys watching this you got to consider getting down to
the Southern Hemisphere and probably your best shot for this kind of thing
would be to hook up with uh with Cesar and his group because they'll take you
out to uh they know where to go and they'll keep you safe and they'll keep you fed and uh you know it'll be fun
it'll be fun okay I'm happy to to share with you
H this um of course with the people of that participated in the in the star
party and really well it's something like like uh we we made with all heart
with a lot of love um it's great that
the people really enjoy this um well it's it's something like
like we really we enjoy and we are happy that the people in the Star Party enjoy
too yeah this very cool very cool okay
all right thank you so much Cesar thank you very much a great night and thanks to your audience it was fun to have them
watch and comment on your uh program your presentation so okay thank you
thank you very much um okay hi Robert sorry that I maybe I was too extensive
in the good pictures thank you thank you very much yes say the picture of Juan Pablo
patacho is really amazing Juan Pablo really made h a great work um show that
the quality of explor scientific Optics really are
are really now I want to buy one yes no he have one
yes yes maybe he needed something bigger but maybe maybe maybe you always need
bigger thanks Cesar you take care ah it's a pleasure okay good night thank you very much good
night okay Robert thank you for hanging in there with us uh we are running just a little bit behind here about oh I
guess about 30 minutes fine but uh lot of great territory was covered today so
that's absolutely thanks so I will leave this to you um uh and uh I'm looking
forward to seeing your presentation as I always do so all righty well let's uh do the great experiment do the screen share
and uh see what kind of disaster happens and
uh come on there we go whoops you have thumbnails and
now do we have my title slide no you have thumbnails uh oh here we go
again uh now how do I get out of this here I'll unshare you okay and you can do it
again um maybe whoops nope that's not going to work I
just started the wrong program I'm trying to connect to my Observatory let's shut that one down and open up
this one and get the slide up first then go back to
zoom and uh see if I can
share yes Kaboom working great all right um well as usual my uh I title my stuff
postcards from the Moon and uh uh because I like to share a little tid bits about the moon and uh um kind of
get people reacquainted with the moon after um all this time back and when I
was a kid the moon was such a big deal and then uh kind of faded away from amateur astronomy and uh it's kind of my
um Duty nowadays to bring the moon back into our fold because it's something that's in our night sky most of the
month we can see it from the backyard the moon doesn't care about light pollution and there's so much to see on
on the moon even with a very modest telescope you don't need an enormous amount of power to really enjoy some of
the things on the moon so U the whole theme of uh tonight's presentation Trails of time uh we're going to um um
press on here and uh examine some things that have
happened on the moon over um periods of literally billions of years we uh tend
to think of uh time on the earth in shorter time scales because things on the earth change more rapidly we have
weather we have plate tectonics we have oceans we have the atmosphere that changes our Earth on a very short time
scale U millions of years but on the moon it is billions with a B that U
changes happen so uh again the uh standard slide to remind you of the two
primary Landscaping landscape forming processes on the moon if you see
anything on the moon it was either created by an impact or by subsequent
volcanism so uh that has left us a a world that has the dark Maria uh
volcanic uh the dark regions that form the face of the man and the moon and then the bright Highland areas which are
the original crust of the Moon that were not flooded by volcanism so uh I will
have shown these slides for the U uh past two uh
star parties and I'll do it one more time before I retire them because I want to remind everybody once again that the
Moon is a world that shows us the a world that is rugged yet it is
Serene uh shows us a world that is Harsh yet beautiful it shows us a world that
is alien yet appealing and a tortured world but now
calm and finally uh it's a strange world yet it can become your friend if you
take the time to look at it and understand it and know what you're looking at and and uh become friends
with the moon so um Trails of time uh of course I mentioned things on the moon
are are measured in billions of years you know like Earth has undergone various aoch of geologic time well so is
the moon uh everything before about 3.9 billion years ago is considered to be
the pre- nectarian aoch then there was a brief period of about 100 million years
of the nectarian aoch U where uh many of the uh large features on the moon were
created by the late heavy bombardment and then the about a billion year period of the embrion aoch where much of the
vulcanism occurred on the moon that created the dark Maria and then the eratosthenian epoch that went on for
about two billion years and um uh much of the subsequent impact cratering took
place and then the modern era just the past 1 billion years uh the cernic epoch
where U the moon has been fairly static save for the craters that we now see
that have a ray system around them a Rays fade after about a billion years so
if you see a crater on the moon that has a ray system around it it is uh less
than a billion years old so let's look at uh some of these features that U go
way back in time on the moon um a very popular Target or the triple crater combination of Theophilus at the upper
right cathina excuse me um Aus next to it and then Catherina kind of at the
lower left Center uh these three craters Arc around Mari nectaris and uh they
appear oh about the five six day old Moon and uh they make such a striking feature you can see these in binoculars
but um progressing through lunar time we can
clearly see that even though these craters all of them are uh um at least
three billion years or older they look radically different uh the one on the
bottom bottom left Catherina u a nectarian aoch uh feature at least 3.8
to 3.9 billion years old and the same with cathina sandwiched in the middle of
uh no cus sandwiched in the middle of the um not quite as degraded but U Along
Came Theophilus the upper right one uh later on in the osian epoch so it's the
youngest one but as each one of these formed cathina first and then cus the uh
shower of debris thrown out of the seismic shaking from the impact that created uh Cy
degraded Catherina and then the same thing happened when um Theophilus
impacted about three billion years ago and did the same thing to cus the impact
shock U degraded the crater all the the form of it collapsed and it was buried
in the shower of ejecta thrown out from the U the last crater formed now this um
pattern is repeated again and again on the moon um where newer overlay older
craters and degrade the older craters so um um not quite perfect overlaps here
but these four craters that extend North from uh uh the
Mario Marium uh on the U uh extreme uh right hand side of the Eastern side of
the moon I call these the Stepping Stones um you see Marium hooking up into
the field of view at the bottom and then just above it uh um the crater cleomedes
which dat from the nectarian epoch almost four billion years ago and then
above it um the smaller crater Burkhart uh which dates from the embrion epoch U
maybe three billion years ago above it gnus uh even younger from the
eratosthenian epoch it could be anywhere from 1 to three billion years old and then up at the very top the very
degraded pre nectarian crater masalah uh the oldest of the bunch over
four billion years old and U if you hear the name Masala and the first thing you
think of is the 1959 um Charlton hon movie Ben her you
are dating yourself because very very popular movie back then and of course
masalo was uh Judah Ben hers protagonist antagonist throughout the entire movie a
very classic movie if you ever get a chance to see it on Netflix or something I highly recommend
it but moving on in the modern era um down on the south side of Marin nectaris
uh we see fracastorius crater another nectarian aoch uh feature uh
um between 38 and 3.9 billion years old now here we
see it as a Horseshoe Bay on the south of Mario necturus
now mind you when the impact formed fracastorius uh Mario narius didn't
exist the lava flooding had not yet happened during the emban aoch to create
this Maria so we've got uh basically this this crater overlaying the rim
Southern rim of the nectar's Basin but uh when the lava flows started and took
about a billion years to fill in these uh these low-lying areas um it
slowly filled in Maria nectaris paved it over turned it into the round Maria that
it is but the depressed Northern rim of fracastorius having formed on the Tilted
rim of the nectaris Basin um it allowed these basalts these lavas to flood into
uh fracastorius and create a Horseshoe Bay so this whole process took over a
billion years first the nectaris Basin formed shortly very very shortly after a
a fracastorius crater was formed and then it took a billion years or more for
the lava flooding to obliterate the floor of necturus and turn Pistorius
into a Horseshoe Bay I showed this one last year last
week uh when I was talking about floor fractured craters but again they uh a process spread out over a long period of
lunar time of the the circular feature in the Middle with the bullseye crater
Berg right in the middle of it lacus mortise the lake of death now uh um back
in the uh pre nectarian aoch uh the 150 kilometer crater that formed the the
circular ring you see surrounding uh lacus Morse it Formed uh during the pre
nectarian aoch and then uh for the next billion years lava flows slowly uh
flooded the entire region uh Mari Fus up at the top uh serenitas down south and
uh more or less paved over everything and U things were fairly flat for a
while and then Along Comes This eratosthenian aoch crater Berg anywhere
from 1 to three billion years old and slams into the middle of it so um remember I said uh things on the mood
are features are created by two processes either impacts or volcanism well here we have a process where an
impact created the original crater that then filled in with Basalt to form lacus
mortis and then finally it in its own right was again Modified by another
impact uh the creation of berg in the middle of it so all these all these
processes spread out over literally billions of years and that's billions with a B so uh it's really hard to wrap
your head around such extreme time spans but this is the normal for talking about
uh time spans on the moon and the the moon preserves this impact record
because it has no weather it has no no oceans U has no plate tectonics to
eradicate these features uh like what happens on the
earth and moving along Plato crater um
Plato formed during the embria aoch and formed on the Northern rim of the ne of
the embrium Basin which um basically uh uh cradles Mari embrium the man in the
moon's left eye but everybody who observes the moon U quickly falls in
love with Plato because it looks so different uh a flat black floor instead
of the traditional um excavated indentation of a crater but um
um look closely at Plato and you can see originally it was about little over 90 kilometers in
diameter slightly larger than Tao is today and uh at the time it had a
central Peak collapsed Terrace walls a rather spectacular race system uh spread
across the northern half of the Moon and then the uh embryon
aoch um volcanic flows happened and internal flooding
from below the crater through fractures in the in the crust underneath Plato uh
allowed magma to sleep up from below and uh the the flat floor of Plato is now
600 meters higher than the uh Basalt fields of Mari embrium just south of it
and then U notice on the Western Wall of uh Plato that triangular chunk of the
wall broke away but it couldn't couldn't completely collapse and fall away because it's wedged in place by the
basalt Fu that paved over Plato and then the subsequent impacts you you can see
um at least five significant small craters on the floor of Plato and U if
you have really really really good seeing you can see up to about a dozen of these small little impacts on Plato
so again a crater formed by an impact Modified by volcanism and then various
other things happened throughout his lifetime to uh uh give it the personality that it has
today and moving on just south um the birds nest form of Cassini crater um
similar situation a uh an impact back during the emban aoch created a a
standard um complex crater that had a central Peak had U collapsed Terrace
walls AR Ray structure and then then the uh embryon aoch volcanic flooding
created Mari embrium and the basalts crept up around the lapped up to the
edges of of Cassini and then like Plato U volcanic eruptions from below the
crater fill the interior of it with Basalt so uh we ended up with a a kind
of a Plato lookalike but then uh the subsequent impacts of uh Cassini A and B
within its uh within its walls created this this bird nest appearance a bird
nest with two eggs in it and moving over to the Northwest side
of Mari embrium um the U big Horseshoe Bay of uh
sinus arhm almost 250 kilm in diameter now this uh follows the same pattern I
mentioned with h Frist storus crater at the southern part of Mari nectaris a
little while ago uh when this massive asteroid blasted this 250 km diameter
crater out of the rim of uh uh the embrium Basin it had not yet flooded
with these with the basalts that created uh Mari embrium itself uh this was uh
still a gigantic Basin so we ended up with a huge crater overlaying the rim of a basin and uh consider that if this
impact had occurred a little bit further west or a little bit further east uh and created a uh a complete crater
that did not fill in with the salt it would be the largest crater on the near Side of the Moon um 250 kilometers it
would be number one on our side of the moon but it formed on again the Tilted
edge of the embrium Basin so the uh depressed in inner wall lower than the U
Basalt flows that filled in Mari embrium uh floow over the uh the rim of the
sinus arhm crater and then turned it into a horseshoe
bait and moving along come on get up go uh down in the
Southern Highlands um the elevated region of the Moon that did not flood
with Basalt during the embri aoch we have a crater on top of crater on top of
crater in this case uh the major ones are u in the center left stofler center
right maryus and uh ster a PR nectarian
feature you see the inside of it completely filled in with debris thrown
by the subsequent uh nectarian aoch Basin impacts that created the uh uh the
huge Basin that now cradled the Maria uh that debris had to go somewhere and it dusted down all these pre-existing
craters completely buried the uh the central peak of of stofler and then
subsequent impacts on its Rim U piled a crater on top of crater on top of
crater and see how the uh um impacts
created that unusual wave see if my cursor is working this unusual Ridge of
material pushed over by the impacts uh that subsequent overlaid stofler and
then moving over to maryus a nectarian aoch impact notice
how its circular form overlaid a pre-existing crater here maryus overlays
it and down below this rather significant size crater protruding out
from under maryus so a case of an impact modifying an impact and then as with the
case of stur over here an impact modifying stofler another impact
modifying that one another one on top of it uh so it just keeps on going the last
man arriving is the last one first one on top and
uh all righty something has gone strange here my advancing arrow is now covered
by the uh the U screen share tool I can't Advance my slides I don't know oh
there it goes I can move oh it moves okay learn something new all righty um
yeah continuing along the Southern Highlands uh this particular grouping of craters down here whoops I didn't mean
to do that this particular grouping of
creators right here this is a ronus um just a little bit to the northeast of
Tao crater which is right here just peeking into the edge so uh gives you a
perspective of where it is but arantius is another pre nectarian APO creater
it's been there for over four billion years and then during the nectarian aoch
Huggin formed on his rim and then during the embrium aoch the nared the next one
up here formed and overlaid them both and then finally during the IM aoch Miller
overlaid them both so uh we end up with something that kind of looks like a triple dip ice cream conb piled up on
itself then finally we'll take a look at the uh air starus Plateau way up in the Northeast part of
Oceanus prum on the uh extreme Northwestern part of the moon this
particular uh feature is a elevated volcanic Plateau about oh 200 by 250 km
and uh originally it kind of stood alone a raised elevated area um highly
volcanic uh we see the um little Plato wannabe here about 40 kilometer diameter
Herodotus uh completely filled in with assault just south of it right where my
uh cursor is circling the u u volcanic pit of uh we call Cobra head
that fed thousands of cubic yards of molten lava that flowed down schroers
Valley and emptied out onto uh oceanos Brum so this entire region built up by
volcanism uh over a period of uh several billion years and of course at the same
time um Mari uh excuse me ocean prum
slowly flitting with mult to become the largest of the Mario
on the moon but curiously ocean is proa so close to the Western Rim that it's very foreshortened to our
view and it doesn't even contribute to the caricature of a man and the moon so
uh it's just kind of rolled off to one side and even though it's double the
size of Mari embrium the man in the moon's left eye um like I said it
doesn't even contribute to the face of the man and the moon but as the basalts
of U Ocean's procellarum got deeper and deeper it flooded many craters like
prons here um now turned into a a small Horseshoe Bay in its own right a ghost
Crater where only its Rim is protruding and then uh we Leap Forward almost three
billion years to about oh a quar billion years ago and uh aarkus crater smashed
into the southeast corner of the arar plateau and excavated down about 3 and 1
12 km blasted out a huge Ray system that uh
combines with the uh the Rays of Kepler crater and cernus Kepler to create a spot a white spot on the moon that we
can see with a naked eye at Full Moon so U just a little March through time uh
seeing how um um the different features
on the moon evolved over uh literally a a period of billions of years throughout
uh the successive apox of lunar time so U the Moon is not static by any means uh
U it's been a constantly evolving uh body and
U it it changes Night by night as the phases Advance the Shadows change um it
presents a new face to us every night when we go out so uh I encourage people to go out and and look look at the moon
study it closely um of course buy my book to get fully educated on the moon
then you know U exactly what you're looking at it's a world waiting for you to uh enjoy and relish from your own
backyard without having to go out to Dark Skies so uh I will close with my standard slide which shows there is much
to love on the moon and I invite you to come out and play with me on my lunar playground so wonderful thank you you
you bet more incredible images I I never get tired of of seeing U your work
Robert Chelsea bondall watch out well uh if you uh you like what you
see like I said yeah those are beautiful really crisp and um sharp high
resolution thank you lot lot of shots to get those perfect like that huh well um
um of the um library of about 2,000 of them that I have I've probably thrown away 10,000 trying to man wait for wait
for the right moment where the the sky yeah take takes a while to wait for
the scene to settle down so probably better with um a smaller like trying to do that with a 28
might be feudal right uh well you got a point uh many of these were taken with a 7in maxit off an 8 in Celestron uh 11in
Celestron when I use my 14 in Celestron the seeing starts to get to me and the
and the lunar images through the 14 are actually worse than the smaller telescopes now that said uh during a
period of extraordinary seeing uh couple of summers ago I got some of the best images that I have of the Moon taken
through a 20-in doonium wow so it's the Pure Luck of the draw with a seeing but
the smaller telescope will um tolerate bad seeing better so uh true
that's canop down a bigger telescope with using using mass you
know other way around but the telescope that you use the most is your best one
and I would say the smaller ones are probably more usable on more nights just
due to the weather you know the well for high resolution work yes now what I'm
using my hypar on theone 14 it doesn't care about the seeing because the focal leg is only 600 mm so each each has its
U particular uh Niche where it works best so um I enjoy them all have a
telescope for every day of the week now now Robert I uh when I mentioned stopping down a telescope I noticed that
uh you you had some uh reservation about that what what uh what do you know I
mean you are oh uh high resolution imagers out there so
well it may I should try that with a 14 um my my if I sounded like I had a
reservation I was I was thinking of the 20th dobsonian and just wrestling wrestling that monster out of the garage
I mean uh it's that's you know I did the 28 and um
I was getting some good views when I put that off aperture mask I had an
unobstructed like 10-in telescope at like an F15 or something and it did
damage um it showed some white clouds that we couldn't see and I had a friend
there with a really nice ogs 16inch classical Crain a carbon fiber with all
the bells and whistles and the image in that Crain was really amazing so sharp
it was you know great seeing and even the stop down version was showing those white clouds a little better than um he
was in a panic trying to get him but eventually he got that being acclimated and what a night you know what a night
of visual astronomy on the planets those stick with us thank you Robert thank you thanks
Robert okay later all right so um uh John you are out there in the cosmos I
can see you know the Milky Way behind you and Sky filled with stars it's
beautiful it's beautiful it's been a little while since you've been on and so yes happy to have you back of course and
uh uh what do you have to share with us this evening well you know I'm always
under the stars and especially in the daytime I sweat a lot but that's because
I'm under the brightest star that big yeah that's right that one was so close that's right but you know I try to get
the morning sunlight then I got to cover up because it's so intense even at 98
million miles it still Burns me like bad like literally I can't even pick up
like a tool sometimes it's so hot it's just unbelievable oh yeah but um you
know I'm in the Milky Way because this is where I love to be it's under the stars looking up and you know cooling
down a little bit with that nice cool weather you know light from uh the night
it's always comfortable when the temperature Fades down um I've missed a
lot I know the the big Eclipse was just amazing for those who had the fortunate
clear sky because a lot of people didn't have that you know a lot of clouds were affecting most people so I actually
didn't go on the trip I um decided you know I'm gonna stay back and try to do
something here and it's a good thing I've Got Friends in high places because
um all those friends that had the clear totality I was able to utilize their
views to get a little little something for my presentation so tonight's presentation
I'm going to go into a little bit of the eclipse because that's a stellar event
that we had and a rare event that a lot of us miss so I've got some amazing
pictures from Amazing Friends that were so kind to give to me and then also I'm
going to do a presentation on my drawings of the springtime galaxies you know the way I see things I
have my own vision um this is a self-portrait I did it's my profile page it just shows me focusing
on that color and the light you know the the vision of this beautiful Hobby and
all the amazing colors and and different Vistas that we can see and that's what
my self-portrait represents so you know again if you ever
want to check for an eclipse you know if you look at the trees and you see these weird crescents you're not seeing the
moon you're seeing the sun with the moon in front of it and that's a real indicator that we're having an eclipse
and you know twice it's happened I didn't know we were having an annular and then all of a sudden I said oh my
gosh we're having one I got to get home quick so that's the I call that the um
handmade camera obscura you know like the old days it's just a pinhole camera
yes so this was the annular clips from before this was something I created once
I realized I ran home and uh I just worked off a cell phone snapshot and
then I painted the clouds from scratch because I love to paint clouds it's one
of my favorite things you know galactic clouds Galaxy clouds nebula clouds
clouds clouds I mean clouds are amazing this was a friend shot of the
anular eclipse they had went to New Mexico and they projected this image onto their hand I thought it was really
cool I'd like to share this with everybody that is cool if you remember
the last time uh I went on you could see you know what I was doing um I was
projecting the moon onto that piece of paper which was also really cool so you
know projection is a good way for the bright objects especially the sun because it's safe it won't fry your eyes
don't look at that just shine it onto something so now this was one of my
friends from Dallas it opened up I called him I said hey it's about to hit it's coming your way we were in kville I
wasn't my friends were that's where I was going to go and he sent me this picture so I had this to go to work so
now I went to work and I created this from
that this is digital painting again this is all on my cell phone at this point
then I go to procreate and bam there it is the clouds parting and
lo and behold totality so that was my piece I created from uh that shot of the eclipse and
those clouds are hand painted clouds by the way you look at those wow those were
done with the cloud brush in procreate and there's another brush that I use but um yeah not bad and you know I
created this because I wanted to share this with all the people there were probably seven million or billion
dollars spent and a lot of people didn't get their money's worth you know you did
okay at your year event yes we did we got very lucky um
wow uh with the clouds thinning just enough for us to see totality and actually see the corona so it was only
about 30 seconds but I can tell you that we were all uh not only relieved elated
it felt like some sort of rebirth experience or something oh man I've got to get hatched again I'm thinking maybe
uh the next one in Australia but we'll see uh this was a beautiful diamond ring
so after the eclipse goes through totality this is what's called the diamond ring again the clouds were
threatening this was another friend and this is another cell phone snapshot if
you can believe it the diamond ring yeah you know if I saw
that with the wife I'd have to get her another ring get remarried on the spot because that's a beautiful beautiful
thing to see might be worth it now we're getting into the local neighborhood uh
so we're back I stayed here and I had friends that we were all on the phone uh
you know sending pictures back and forth and so this was one friend's white light
you know I think it was with a baiter style film the myar astroad
film um and then this was my friend Chris so what he was doing was sending
me images and I would process them differently with my meager free program
Photoshop Express and also my dedicated Samsung Photo Editor and I could get
different effects so this effect was to get the prominence coming out you see them on the limb those little
prominences so that gave me the edge detail in in that particular processing now
this is not even real Photoshop this is just Photoshop Express a free program
unbelievable program uh with their filters and all their levels tools you
know contrast um Clarity texture Shadows black white highlights warmth tint uh
Vibrance there's many different settings now I went to the surface you see to get
the granularity and the focus Ula so you have more of the surface detail now it's
almost like having a digital pressure tuner or a tilt tuner you know so I'm getting a different effect
with his shot sending them back to him he was elated now this one is a friend of a
friend this is actually um if you've heard of dank Meyer binocular viewers oh yeah R dank
wire this is his shot he's built this scope and made his ealon and this is his
live view of this prominence this was a few days before the eclipse and and is
that not amazing the size of that prominence oh yeah if that was pointed at the Earth we could be in
trouble I saw the same prominence with my first light on my new 50 millimeter
Lun pressure tuned unfortunately I was so elated when I saw that that um I went
to move it down a little bit because it wasn't tracking and I had it in this cheap tripod I really should get one of
those from you uh the one with the Dual Saddles which what's the name of that one
um oh you're talking about the Twilight to yeah the Twilight 2 that particular
mount's no longer available it's it's out of out of production now yeah well
maybe I'll find one used but I definitely need something sturdier my scope actually fell out I barely caught
it it dented so I had to have it worked on but I caught that prominence that was from memory because I only got a little
look but it's it's pretty close not bad for my first solar sketch
yeah now we're getting into some uh of the later you know night late in the
evening about two to four o'clock if you could stay up that late you'll get to see the uh highlight nebulas again early
on you can see the lion nebula which is the Eskimo this happens to be the dumbbell nebula that I sketched and um
this is a new version that I've been working on adding details from this year because I've had a chance to sit down
and really study it there's the lion nebula also known as
the Eskimo now these are all out in the course of a night right now this is
early in the evening because um Gemini is starting to go towards the horizon so
it's you know you've got a few more weeks maybe a month or two Max and it's
gone now this one is something I've really been working on I'm very very excited to show this for the first
time my newest Ring Nebula so if you look I've been seeing
the Central Star the last couple times I got out and the second star so those uh
we're with a 32 in and a 28 in telescope to be able to do that but I mean I think
I've captured the essence of that visually up it looks nice it's floating
almost isn't it yeah I hope it portrays the same on the um on your screen on
mine I'm just I'm almost like I'm there it is just amazing the digital what you
can do with it and um yeah again I use that uh 9 mimet 120
and it that's my view with that thing that uh huge that is a big
eyepiece and it gives you the big view in the big dob I'll tell you if you have a dob it's a it's a musthave uh
especially if you're up in the you know 20 inch range even 18 or 16 that
eyepiece just it opens up the field and it brings you close it's just
spectacular view man thank you for that one okay so now we're going to go to the
Springtime galaxies these are out uh this one's early Leo
m91 m64 the black eye that's another great one to look at in any scope right
now uh that's in what Kom bernes right I think the
constellation I see near um
um what is that star the red star that marks that
constellation I'll think of it in a second Al dearon Al Deon Al Deon this is again the sombrero
and and this is very much what it looks like in my eyepiece the color and everything I mean that is just hard to
believe when you see that in your eyepiece that it's actually
real happy Cinco de Mayo Everybody by the way belated
my whale so this I used the malen cam image from Riverside and I added the
color and some more of the spectacular Starburst you know it's like M82 that X
in the middle is just exploding from uh the activity in the black hole and it's
creating all this illumination from the core just an absolute spectacular thing
to see on on the screen so I've combined a sketch with the data that I was able
to obtain and uh the color and some added details from the Mal Camp you see
the clouds on the right of the Galaxy it's there's like clouds it's pretty amazing that um
nature is reproduced here on Earth you know yes just just like a Galaxy clouds
it's uh really amazing macro clouds almost and that's a companion right next
to it this this is my uh newest redo of um NGC
4565 it's an Adon Galaxy it looks like that B2 or the B1 bomber that we made
the wing coming in for a landing but this is a showpiece
summertime Galaxy edgo Edge I did a couple Renditions of this uh this is the
angular version and this is the the coming in straight across the
horizontal I'm not sure which one I like better look at the the detail in that though
Scott Those spires coming off of there they're light years in the in the dust
dust Lane there you can see like these vertical right you know just like our
Milky Way if you look in my background like the horse they have the Little Pony and that's exactly what those are are
spires and in our galaxy has two super bubbles on the North and Southern uh
pole of the you know top and bottom of our galaxy I've very proud of that one
really love it oh yeah kind of flying in isn't that amazing that that's out
there it's just mindblowing so you know what this is uh representing is say if
you looked at our Milky Way galaxy from whatever how many 40 or 50 light years
away you would see ours if you're looking from the side like a plate sideways but then when you go to
M51 you're looking down on it so it's all about orientation which dictates
what type of galaxy you're looking on either a grand spiral uh slightly tilted
Edge on like m106 108 um or you could have your Edge on
like NGC 597 and Draco and uh the need
and then you could have that one so it's all where we're orientated in space and how we're seeing these galaxies as
they're all moving in different directions this was uh the other day
when I was walking my dog I just looked up and I saw this you know view which
once again if you if you're not out there looking up and always you know keying in on these beautiful things that
are happening every day all around you you'll miss these things but I was fortunate to see this and it it started
my day amazing and finished my day amazing that was the end of the day the clouds had
parted there was a little Rainbow and and a dove flying in the field of view
just man what a great day to be alive and to experience the beauty and see
these wonderful things that we're all so lucky to see you know right and you
can't forget about the rainbows you know raindrops are falling on my head sometimes but when you look
up guess what you see amazing rainbows amazing amazing and
it just gives you hope and it tells you there's a lot ahead of you that's going
to be amazing so you got to look up you got to get equipment you got to look and
get out there because this stuff's all around you look at look at the
colors I mean where do you see this I mean this is the most
amazing you know thing to see and it's just right here is beautiful in so many
aspects you know so yes think that you're having a bad day you know you
just got to settle back and look at you know breathe deep because oh that's what
I was going to say when I saw this rainbow yeah I breathed through my nose slow deep and I
inhaled the wonderful air clean air and I exhaled all the trouble and just there
you go it's gone man yeah there's nothing that can bring you down when you
just have the gift and the realization and you see this and it's magic man this life is a gift so grateful I agree I
agree I created this one um this is an artistic kind of a little different
approach to the trifid nebula you know van go was affected by the first plates
that were done the astronomical plates you know Starry KN might have been his
interpretation of looking at some of these plates but this was looking through my 28 and um I had a picture to
work with that merco took and um the colors are very reminiscent it's an
abstract version of the trifid nebula can you see the central core part Scott
the dust Lane that's that X and then that little uh right and this pillar the
little SP coming out yes but it's just something I thought was cool and you
know just taking a different look at what God's created and the creators created you know I guess it's the
Creator is who you would say or the universe the universe is amazing I mean
look at the flowers this is just walking the dog this is actually a piece I
created different look but again you know stopping there'll be days when I
smell the roses that's for sure people drive by and look at me strange but you know what I'm taking that Rose in I'm
getting not only the smell but the vision too dimensional this is another
one the beautiful opposite on the color wheel pink and green you know orange and
blue red and green um so it's kind of a
cool you know difference gives it a nice contrast beautiful
flowers again appreciating the Creator's gifts and there's the rose boy I went up
to this Rose and I just took a big breath through my nose and and the lady
just looked at me funny and I said oh that's a Beau beautiful rose she
smiled I love it man you know never anybody smell a flower before come on
they probably thought I was a little feminine but hey I I am sensitive let's just say okay yeah when you have a heart
you're sensitive right that's right that's right of course I have to always
clo with my little friend he was a little worried about me right here I was
you know talking about astronomy and he's like really can't you pay some attention to
me and then I said sure let's go on a walk and he gazed off he goes we're
going on a walk we're gonna she the flowers and
smell the sky and you know he he Waters the trees he's a good boy he's he's my
buddy my little Bosco and you know it's always good to have that observing
partner so when I I was catching this one he was waiting saying come on man
can we go to bed now please I go yes let me just finish this cloud and
we'll go yeah so that was my night and there's
my presentation thank you John thank you man you're welcome all right thanks
everybody I hope you enjoyed it um it's great to be
back we'll see you next time okay sir all all right Scott have a good evening
thankk you so much for having thank you bye bye thank you all right so we are to our final
presentation uh with uh marchelo Souza marchello uh it's great to have you on
global star party this is our can you believe it this is our
149th Global star party we have I don't know I mean if I think
average global star party runs about three hours or so some of them have gone all day we had we had one that ran 24
hours uh we've had others that uh are five or six hours uh but you know let's
count just three uh that's quite a bit of programming and um so much information
from the presenters including yourself you know so I really appreciate this
because I know that you've done probably way over a hundred Global star parties yourself so yeah so you've been with
us through thick and thin on all of this so I really appreciate it I really
appreciate it is a great pleasure and congratulations because yeah to to be
next one is 150 and then we'll do that next Tuesday so you need to to make a
big celebration because it's a FAS to have 150 programs
during the pmic [Music] periods yes and and and I was talking
about this here because many things changed after the pandemic during the
pandemic oh that's true and have this until
today we we found new ways to have contact with people and yes
and and we all made many friends around the world uh on this platform so and
that's true for us that they're presenting and then you know of course our audience as well they they became
familiar with each other so it's been a lot of fun so um and uh I think we have
one of the best audiences out there so thank you so much uh for all of you that tune in and um I'm I'm going to give you
the stage marello thank you thank you thank you thank you for the invitation start is a great pleasure to be here I I
talk about basic physics today something that is
associated with astronomy but is basic physics I share my screen because
something that ever when we organize an event that people ask
I talk about the special relativity
and I don't know if you can see here myin yes
yes yes in the perod that the pub shed
the most important papers that one of them was about the
special special relativity and [Music] this in
195 is we Mir the same that you use for
Newton During the period that he produced the princip and this year in
19 five he publish had five articles but
four of these articles were fantastic the first one was publ in March
17 that is about the photoelectric effect that is on AIS point of view
concerning generation and transformation of light that is the photic effect that
he explained the results and is the base of the quantum
physics now that you have light ER as a
particle and the uh electronic electromagnetic
wave and we use until today this in in
the streets have many sensors that produced with
the this was his PD T that on new
determination molecular dimensions in April that but the what is fantastic is
because he tried before to get a PhD title but he was refused by
the university and he had to years later he produced again a new
project a new work about the same topic and he receiv the the
P that's fantastic who can imagine a that to work in our
office and he was nobody would like him to have him in
University as his PhD refused and then in
195 he produced the articles that changed our
life and the have another one that's the brownan movement that's on the motion of
par suspending fluids at rest as poate by the molecular theory of
heaps in May 11 that's another topic of
physics and then in June thir is the
first article about the special relativity that on the elams of moving
that is the base of mechan of cinematics
of special Theory your relativ reproducing Jun you see you have
different topics each of these topics he will receive the Nobel Prize he received
Nobel Prize was not for the special theory of relativ but about the
photoelectric effect the first paper he published this year and in September 27
he produced he published another article about Dynamics the relativity of Relativity
and is in the article that appear the famous equation variation of
gen mc² and I am talking about this I'm
talking a little about the special relativ the problem the
question is the what is like this why
that you you didn't have an explanation an
exact uh explanation in at the end of the 9th and the beginning of the 20th
century is it a electromagnetic
wave and if it is an electromagnetic wave how do they
propagate because the problem is everybody was trying to reduce
everything to the mechanics and is a wave is a transvers
transversal wave like you have a mechanical wave but the problem is that
a mechanical wave needs a medium to propagate and the light propagates in
vacuum then the pro what they were trying to find is a medium where the
light propagates then is it a mechanical
waves the equation is the same of the mechanical waves that you you if you
from the maxos equation it's possible you have
you have condition to prod to write a
wave equation like a mechanical waves for the electromagnetic waves but you
need to find a medium to propagate because propagating vacum it way propagates in the
med and then they imagine probably that you have a medium but we don't
know they didn't know H what was this this medium then they use they imagine
that are something that is around the Earth but we can't measure this medium
and they call something that's coming from the heavens that
deeper and the but how that you can have
a theory about something that you don't know what is then what they imagine they
had many ideas they thought that maybe the Earth is rotating and this medium
the E is rotating with the Earth then if you measure the light velocity in One
Direction will be different if you measure in another Direction
then they try to measure the velocity of the light in different directions from here in on the earth the
most famous experiment is this the experiment made by of mikon Ming they
measured the the velocity velocity of light in different directions and what
they have as a result this that it is impossible to any physical experiment to
detect the movement of the Earth inh to the E then if
the exists we don't know because we can't measure we can't don't have any
experiments that show us that this medium
exist this was the problem at the end of the 9th Cent and the beginning of 20th
century then arrive Einstein what they did they
postulate that the light always in vacuum ER propagates in vacuum
if a constant speed C independent of the state of motion of the meeting
boards this is something fantastic because he he publish an article that
begins with postulates that something that you don't need to prove and they
accept this arle and the other is that laws of physic are the same in our naal system
naal systems are systems that moving with constant
velocity then there is no privileged in naal system before H this this are is only
possible they consider only this for the mechanics now for all the
physics and the first postate something fantastic that changed our idea of space
and time why these Chang of space and time now I try to to to make some to show in
a simple way for who don't H you have here a
frame I have here A system that is moving and a person here that is not
moving because Al the the referential is relative
but we consider that the car is moving you have someone looking this car moving
then we have the car moving with a velocity V this is a referential that's
moving relative to the person that's here and we know from Galileo that if
you are in and you have you don't consider D if you you have a ball in your hands
and you move the balls up then they goes up and come to your
hands because it's moving with the same velocity of the car but if you are
outside the car you will see the car moving and the ball doing this movements
there a parabolic movement and then what you see the movement that you see
depends on your referential the reference that you have and also
something that's important for us is the time because in our words if
you as a simple example is this you are a movie theater here and you you invited
someone to see a movie but you it's not enough you say what is the movie F that
you are going to see the movie you need to say also at what time you are going
to see the movie yeah then an event in our words you need to say the three
coordinates of space and also you need to say the coordinate the time then you
have you have a word that consider the space time you have space and time that
you need to have an event def it then there something that but in
before Ein we imagine that the time is the same for
everybody your measure when you measure the time I measure the same time
here they they and but I show that Einstein changed
this this something fantastic that we can't see we can't imagine our world
with four dimensions if you consider the space and the time but if we reduce one
of the coordinates of space we can imagine this like we take many pictures
and put all the pictures that evolve with timeing one up the other like this
now and now you see the movement of the ball that leaves the hands of the girl
goes to the wall hit the walls and come back for her this is the evolution in
time of the movement of the ball then we are considering three coordinates two of
spaces and one of the time Devolution in time of this movement of the
ball and something that we know that the importance of the reference that you
have from where that you want movement is this example imagine that
you are in a shopping center and someone is in a this is the stair that moves I
don't I forgot your name in English that you use for this I stair that is is
moving and then you are moving down inste that's moving up at the same
velocity then for this person that's here B you are not moving because you
are moving sem velocity that the star is moving up but for the other person that
is not moving relative to the St he's moving for the person that's
there outside then he will say that the the person that is not moving relative
to the St moving and the other guy that is moving relative to the St is not
moving then the you depends what you see
depends where you are and how is the relation of the
movement Associated to you or your
position have many example like this a bicycle if you are moving with the
person that's a bike with some lights now when he is moving if you are moving
with him you'll see the C if you are outside and the bike is
crossing you you see this that is a CID and
now H I try to reduce this and consider the postulate of I the first poates here
you have a train and have a person here in the train in a the reference here
referential here is s s with this line here and you have someone
outside that's the referential is s s
and the train is moving with a constant velocity relative to this person that is
here the referential S then who is inside the train is moving with a
velocity V relative to the guy that is outside
I have two reference referential one that's the
person outside and one is the person inside the train now I try to show you
that if you consider the P the I postat the time will be the interval of
time will be different from the person that's inside the train from the guy
that's outside the train you see here you have here a light this in the bottom
here of the train and the light moves to a mirror that is here near the
floor then the light goes up and come back this for the person that's inside
the train but you what see the person that's outside the train if he can see
this lights here inside the train you see the lights going up but the train is
moving with a constant velocity then the light do this
movement that is represented here by the the AIS then this is the distance for
him that light travels to hit the mirror
that's here near the the floor then what we see for the guy that
inside the Train the light travels from the bottom to the top and the distance
is L for the guy that is outside the light
moving movement is from the top the bottom to the top here is
AIS AIS here is a
triangle with an angle of 90° then we use the
Pythagoras formula and then what you see the the
timing that the guy that's inside the train measure the interval of time for
the light to move from the bottom to the top is the
distance divided by C that is velocity of the
light before Einstein the velocity of an object and for us now they changed
because you have to H consider the velocity of the referential but for
light this didn't happen this don't happen they don't consider this they
consider that light will move with the same velocity for the person that's
inside the train and for the person that's outside the train then the person outside the
train for then the light is moving with the same velocity C but the distance
is bigger is this AIS then when you divide X by C you have a different time that
then the guy here measure one interval interval of time for the movement of the
light until hits the mle and for the guy that's inside the train he measure
another interval of time for the movement for the light and until reach
the mirror then the time is different from both before Einstein they measure the
same time they meas that they will measure the same time but for the post of your Einstein as the velocity of the
lightting vacuum will be the same for both then the distance will be different
then the interval of time will be different for them down this the distance is different
then interval of time is different and you can use here the Pythagoras formula
to associate x with L and then if you do
this this is a simple way to to imagine this idea you you have to to use a
different mathematics to have it a precise solution but doing this we have
this equation the relation between what measure the guy that is
outside and what measure the guy that's inside the system that's
moving and you see that below here you
have uh an equation that you have 1us
v² divided by c² and what this produce this is a
number that is very small because the
the Velocity in our words is very small if
you relative to the velocity of the light in
vacuum but then if you are moving very fast in a velocity that is almost near
the velocity of the light in vacuum G's number is
important and then you you have difference of time they
measure different times in our words that are very small the velocity very
difficult to to see this happen here in our words then only for big
velocities that is possible to measure this then the time is different on two
different that's and also they measure the space
contraction the space Also the person that's moving fast they
see the space moving direction of them of him and then they measure that space
is contract and the other fantastic result
that are not uh talk about this uh to show how
that to arrive in this equation but is that the relativ mass the mass of the
object also change with the velocity how that the object is moving
and this is important because this shows that we can't reach the velocity of the
light in vacuum is a limit for us how this
happens if you look here if you have the Velocity V or C then we have c² / c²
that the result is one 1us one is zero
and a number that is divided to zero goes to Infinity then the mass of an object goes
to Infinity that is don't is a you have no
limits for this when you try to reach the velocity of the light in vacuum then
is impossible because you need an infinite energy to reach this velocity
then is impossible for us to reach the velocity of the light in vacuum then our
will move it below this velocity and as the velocity of light is
constant in vacuum is a way that we have to know the distance of object from us
then then you know H you meas the time you have an object very far from us and
you can know the distance from the time that light the light needs to travel from this object to us this is a
reference to then when we look to the space we are looking to things that
happen in the past then the light of the sun need is
almost 8 minutes to approximately a med
a med and when we look for
the that if not consider the Sun the other
star that's closest to the heo centus alpha centus that is for
almost four four do three years that's
the time that light need to travel to reach us then to look to the
past and also we know that the result of
the that one of the use of the developed by produce of atomic bombs
unfortunately but the same energy the same process that you have the interior
of the stars that ER is responsible for
us here to send energy to Earth from the earth on the sun they have nuclear
reactions in the core of the [Music]
Sun I know that is a is a topic that have
many examples and many different is a need a long present
I tried to to talk in a short presentation about some aspects of the
special theory of H thank you very much S I appreciate
that I appreciate that who better to uh to you know who has studied time more
than than Einstein so yeah very good he Chang of your
words okay well I want to thank you very much for coming on uh marello and I hope to see you next week
on the 150th event it will be on the 14th starting at uh 6 PM Central and I'm
really excited to get that underway so uh still uh still quite not quite
decided on um on the theme so but uh um
it's a it's a special time for us so you guys have a great night and uh what time
is it in uh Brazil right now March it's midnight Midnight mid night and three
minutes I think that we are in a different you are in a different time zone now we're in a different time zone
that's right change your time is on P yes all right well have a good night
marello thanks very much thank you my pleasure good night okay and I want to
thank the audience for tuning in um I have a couple of videos uh that I wanted
to share with you uh before we close the night but um um uh you know we really
want to thank uh our audience that has watched us for you know so many times uh
uh perhaps some of you remember the early days of global star party and uh it's been a real pleasure to put it on
uh and I look forward to it each week that I can do it so um but these are some uh videos I am
a NASA solar system Ambassador and I love to do Outreach and I love the Outreach that NASA does as well and the
European Space Agency uh as well they both both of these organizations do a tremendous
amount of work keeping the public interested and uh and to um explain some
of the uh more difficult concept Concepts uh that uh it takes a bit to
get your head wrapped around in astronomy so but uh this is uh a segment
about Hubble and um uh you know uh
Hubble also works off of uh clocks and time so here we
go remember that Y2K thing a few years ago where everyone was afraid the world
was going to end because computer programmers saved space B by putting dates as 77 for 1977 85 for 1985 or 90
for 1990 but then it became clear that when the year 2000 finally rolled around all
of the computers would think it was actually 0 or the year 1900 well it turns out Hubble has
something similar only Hubble's clock restarts every 6,213 days 18 hours 48 minutes and
31.875 seconds are roughly every 17 years for those of you who like C that's
because Hubble's computers have a different way of tracking time than we have here on the ground you'd think it
would be as simple as syncing our ground clocks with Hubble's personal time piece but you'd be surprised Hubble's onboard
clock is a 32-bit elapsed time counter so instead of Hubble counting up seconds
days months and years like a calendar as we know it Hubble counts every 125 milliseconds or 1/8 of a second for
those of you who like Counting using 32 bids up to 4 b294
m967 2295 increments can be stored once that final bit is hit however everything
restarts again from the top so to clarify when Hubble was first deployed on April 24th 1990 its clock began
counting up every 1/8 of a second from April 24th 1990 and for every one of
those 1/8 of a second Hubble's binary counter got one step closer to its maximum 4 b29
4,967 295 before restarting back to zero this actually happened already Hubble
had its first clock rollover back on April 29th 2007 so from 1990 to 2007 is
17 years and then from 2007 to 2024 is another 17 years so this will be hub's
second clock rollover when you do the math 4 b294 m967 295 multiplied by 0. 125 or 1/8 of
a second divided by 60 seconds divided by 60 minutes divided by 24 hours equals
623.08 days or magic number of around 17 years that's all because Hubble's
initial requirements back when it was being designed and built in the 1970s and 80s specified a base Mission period
of 10 years with a 15-year operational goal therefore the 32-bit clock design
with rollovers every 17 years years met those requirements but why does this even matter why not just let the numbers
roll over on their own every 17 years and start things from the top again well if we try that things would get pretty
weird that's because Hubble would suddenly think it was 17 years younger
it would think it was back at that first clock rollover we just talked about that happened on April 29th 2007 if Hubble
thought it was 17 years ago it would be very confusing Hubble's antennas would point to the wrong direction and trying
to send data or receive commands from a communication satellite that was somewhere else because Hubble would
think everything in space was in the same place it was 17 years prior Hubble
would even think it was in a different place and even more dangerous Hubble would think that the sun was in a
different place and if Hubble looks at the Sun that could be very very bad for its delicate
instruments the fact that the second clock roll over 34 years after Hubble's initial deployment is now upon us is yet
another Testament to the dedication and Ingenuity of everyone who built upgraded
and continues to maintain Hubble as the premier astronomical Observatory we have come to know in love back before the New
Millennium computer Engineers around the world updated things to have all four numbers of the year instead of just the
last two so we managed to keep that Y2K bug from actually destroying everything
and just like we managed to avoid any mishaps with that issue our team of Hubble Engineers on the ground have sent
up new routines to ensure that our trusty Space Telescope could successfully roll over its clock without
dropping back 17 years that way Hubble can keep doing its amazing work until
the next clock rollover in 2041
good day everyone this is David Levy that's me and I am holding the original
Discovery films of our most important Comet Comet sh maker leing n these films
were taken on the 23rd of March 1993 Carolyn discovered the uh comet on
these films two days later and uh and on about 16 months after that all
of the fragments of this Comet collided with Jupiter giving Humanity its first
view of what happens when a comet hits a planet and uh and one of the exciting
things about this is that when comets hit planets they don't just drop uh dust
they also drop um organic materials uh carbon hydrogen oxygen and
nitrogen which eventually turn into proteins amino acids RNA and finally on
one magic day DNA comets Comet impacts are really the first step in the origin
of
life I'd like to invite all of you to uh to come to the next Global star party
they are run by Scott Roberts of explore scientific and me we we co-host this
program and uh it's usually done on Tuesdays and uh usually at 6:00 or so
Central Central Time and so I hope to see you all there my name is David ly
and I hope to see you all at the very next Global star party thank you
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