Global Star Party 165

Transcript:

you know you could definitely tell well that's it that's uh that is UI scooty and then I matched it with a you know
Starfield um so I said cool that should have probably been in the
article the nice thing about monthly magazine a new chance every
month yeah well I'll have to if if the um Treasures of the Milky
Way is very much like then I got plenty more Milky Way and plenty more Treasures to uh dig up go find and write about so
maybe we will put that one in the uh in a later article I will I will see to
that many pages to fill in the future it's
excellent so yeah well that's part of uh part of uh being sick is you get a
chance to start working on ideas for things like that you you don't sit around idle and yeah wish I actually did
step to a uh dark sky Park and image you saw some of those pictures too where I
decided to try out some you know some camera equipment to see if I could get
some deeper Sky Imaging and it seemed to work so I get to play with that once I
um come out fully recovered excellent
so yeah looking forward to watching this um I know I get to come on later but
this is a it's already a star studded lineup with all of you gentlemen here um
and then it keeps going right into the evening so this is going to be a it's going to be a good
one I will I will be stepping away so it's not to detract from all the
uh wisdom and knowledge on the screen here I want to soak up myself and uh D
just so that you know I will never forget May 24th 1993 ever again it is in
my calendar so that I know every year it comes around to look up at Jupiter and
imagine a comet a squashed Comet running into it yeah that will that is a new yearly
anniversary in my
calendar well it's good to hear
Adrian but um yeah Adrian what exactly happened to the comment on May 24th of
that year it was botted
by uh couple Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker
and they had a young uh fellow astronomer with
them um person of liter who uh could also write very well but loved chasing
comets and um except I'd like when he saw
it may trying to remember go ahead okay uh first of all
the discovery was March 23rd 1993
May 2 1993 was the announcement did I say may of the Collision I'm blaming I
believe I put March and in the calendar July 16th 1994
was the first Collision
Adrian well we will make some corrections I think I have the correct date I just stated it wrong
here um because I actually looked I looked it up before putting it in the calendar so I think I just stated it
wrong and then use a July 16th I'll put that
in well we've got a great program uh as
uh Adrien Bradley was saying there in the background behind our the screen of
this uh giant black hole that's devouring the universe so um you know uh
welcome to the 165th Global Star Party Beyond the Horizon uh if you are tuning in for the
first time uh then uh you can go to explor scientific.com
SLG for Global S as in Star and P ISM
party GSP 165 and take you to uh page
that will show you the speaker lineup and um it'll give you a chance to click
on various channels whether you like YouTube or Facebook or you know twitch
um we're on all those channels and um so anyways let's uh let's take it away here
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we can't hear you Scotty how about that that's better
thank you much better just wanted to wish everybody uh a warm welcome to to
the 165th Global Star Party um our uh
our U co-hosts our David leevy um and um
uh the astronomical League this time represented by Don NAB and astronomy
magazines David AER and so we're all very pleased David's not sitting in his
chair but that's okay um we are um uh
prepared to show you uh an incredible uh lineup of speakers and uh it's going to
be uh um you know especially exciting to me because uh I went a few months ago
not too longer ago I went to the Vatican Observatory uh this is with the alliance
of historic observatories and um and
met uh brother guy consano uh for the first time and uh uh I had seen him give
a talk or two before but not to actually kind of sit down and meet with him and talk to him and it was interesting to
ask him questions about uh you know uh being a Jesu and being a research
scientist and uh you know uh his uh his
take on how science uh you know strengthens his uh his
um knowledge of uh faith and um and vice
versa so I think that we're going to have uh a great uh talk with him he
comes on at 8:30 promptly and so uh David I'm going to turn this over
to you but uh thank you for uh sharing all these Global star
parties with me it's been fun well thank you thank you Scott and it's a pleasure
to be here among such dear friends Scotty Dave Vier and my friendship with
Dave has gone on for decades and decades since almost since astronomy magazine
was founded in 1973 and uh we have a lot of fun stories
to share together our friendship has been up and down it is definitely up
right now and uh it's one of my closest friendships and then there's da and
kareim from Canada and of course Adrian who observes the Southern
Cross and Tim and uh welcome all uh I wanted to know if any of you
saw KET Atlas I know that Steve edberg also a close friend did see it when it was very
very bright just I think the day after perhelion in daylight
um I got two maybe views of the tale one a few nights
ago and then another one last night but it was just a glimpse and so I have to
say it's a maybe and that brings my total since of
all the comments that I know I've seen plus maybe I think it's up to 237 comments right
now today I do want to breast my poetic reading with a little bit of unhappy
news I found out yesterday that Charles Morris died a very very well-known Comet
researcher one of the most famous amateur Comet researchers in the
world and I believe he died from a heart attack and he died very
suddenly and for my poem today which I'm dedicating to his memory some of you might have in my
generation might have known of a singing group called The Birds a beautiful lovely group that came up with
wonderful songs Mr Tambourine Man they took a lot of Bob Dylan stuff and turned
it into their own music but my favorite bird song is turn turn turn and the
reason it is my favorite is that it comes word for word from The Book of Ecclesiastes
and here it goes to everything there is a season and
a time to every purpose under the heaven a time to be born and a time to
die a time to plant and a time to pluck up what which is plant that which is
planted A Time to Kill and a time to heal a time to break down and a time to
build up a time to weak weep and a time to laugh a time to mourn and a time to
dance a time to Cast Away stones and a time to gather Stones together a time to
embrace and a time to refrain from embracing a time to seek and a time to
lose a time to keep and a time to Cast Away a time to Rend and a time to
sew a Time to keep silence and a time to speak a time to
love and a time to hate and finally a time for
war and a Time For Peace thank you very much Scott back to
you thank you so much and I can I can hear the song in my
head right now so um but uh uh
uh thank you uh our next speaker um is
uh going to be coming from uh don NAB
from the astronomical League uh don is uh been with the league for Don H how
long well I've been active nationally for well since I started working on the
GSP is that is it two or three years ago now now time flies when you're having fun right but I've been involved in my
local Club since like 2006 or so very good very good I met Terry at
Green Bank Star Quest and everything has flowed from there yeah Terry man a big
force in the astronomical League she sure is yeah yep so what do you got for
us today well I'm going to do a quick review of what's coming up the sky so
let me do a screen share here all right just maybe 10 minutes or so which be
much more than that should be seeing that now let me hide the control panel so I can see
what's happening here all right and I will do the slideshow from beginning
coming through yep coming through okay so late January and February 20125 night
sky a few of the highlights and I'm going to mostly look at things with either naked eye or ular because it is
so freaking cold in February but uh so first of all mention Aston this is in
June this is the astronomical League convention we're at back to Bryce Canyon
a wonderful place you can um find information at the astronomical League website there are a few rooms left I
think at Ruby's in but it is filling up fast so get your plants going I'm going
to be there with my wife and I and some other friends so uh uh get us set up because it's going to be something not
to be missed beautiful skies and great presentations and wonderful people to be with
so make your arrangements soon and I also want to mention next Friday astronomical League live comes
back on Friday the 7th and I'm looking forward to this now Tim Tim Reiner I met
him last summer at Green Bank StarQuest he gave us exact presentation and uh
John Goss and I were there and we both said we got to get this guy a live and
so I got Terry in touch with him and here it comes but U Tom's not only very
knowledgeable okay he was former dark sky International president he and his wife were camping on the same field with
my wife and I and they're just simply nice people so I'm really looking forward to to uh to Tom's presentation
next Friday so a couple things I want to always highlight the night sky guides
that John Goss past president of the Le and current media officer gives these
guides are free for everyone they are posted on the website and I'll show you how to get to them but he always puts a
Sky Map and adds a couple others in this case is Mercury Venus and young moon to look at in the uh evening Twilight at
the end of the month another one to observe the Crescent of Venus so these are great guides so how do you find
them go to the astronomical League website easier to find to search for it
scroll all the way to the bottom and then you find this little spot down here navigating night sky and that'll bring
you to this page which is uh all the night sky sky night sky tools and there are many many if you scroll down you can
download for free every month there's new things add it so um it's a great resource the league
provides and you know this looks like it's a Sky Map but this is actually much more than a Sky Map this is actually a
guided tour that John gives you here so if we find the Numbers number one almost anyone any the beginners in astronomy
can find the Big Dipper that leads you to the north star and he says then turn Face South turn around look straight up
and find the brightest thing overhead that's capella from there you can take a leap to Perseus another leap cipia back
to Capella down to Castor and Pollock so what John does here is actually walks you around the sky this is a great
opportunity for beginners to learn the night sky uh south of capella we go down
to Orion and um find some of the the objects around Orion and if we go use
Orion's Belt we can find Al Deon bright red star the eye of the bull and tarus the bull and the plees and if we go the
other way we can get to sirius the brightest star in the night sky and a
member of the winter triangle but there's more don't buy yet there's more
so uh he starts now with a if we find a which is here in the middle right close
to Jupiter we can see the plees and this is what they will probably look like in binoculars for you um then he goes up to
between peria and caspia which we now know how to find because he guided us there earlier and we find the double
cluster from there we go to M31 the
Orion um the Andromeda nebula um and you can get there by using
these stars in cipia at Point the way then we go down to the Orion Nebula in
in Orion of course uh from there we
can uh use those use that guide to get you to m41 which is just south that is
the little beehive and then the last one uh is the um the big be the regular
beehive in cancer the crab so this is about what it might look
like in your uh home telescope maybe you won't have this color that I have here in the irion nebula but uh these are all
great things to find with binoculars so you don't they get too cold sing a telescope up the moon so on February 6th
will have the lunar straight wall and on the same night the Moon is close to the pleades um you know last month we
actually had the ple the moon ulted the pleades I tried to photograph it it's very hard to do because the Moon is in
such a bright phase that the plees were almost difficult to even to even see
probably a little better on February 6th because the moon isn't quite as close so Planet viewing is uh the main
event right now I would say because you can see them with your naked eye it's really a source a source of Joy a source
of a you what step out on your in your in your yard you can look to the east to
the west and see Venus setting you can look straight up and see Jupiter and look to the East and see Mars so it's a
great time to see the planets you'll need a binoculars to see Uranus Neptune
and if you wait till the end of the month you can also see Mercury uh and if
you want to see the eighth planet look down your feet to see the Earth uh it's going to be hard to see all of these on
one day because we have to wait till the end of the month to see Mercury and by that time Neptune and and Saturn are be
really probably lost in the glow of the fading Sunset but it's it's not many months you can see all of the planets in
the sky and if you haven't seen Neptune on February 1st he was a great little guide
to help you find it Neptune could be a little tricky to find now you can use an automated telescope but it's lot more
fun you got the thrill of the chase to find it on your own so Venus the moon and Neptune line up if you zoom in you
also have two stars that can help guide you to Star Hop to find
Neptune Mars is shining in the in the East it's so so bright red it's
wonderful to see and it was a opposition in January so this is a great time to
find it easy to find right near the twins
Pollock so naked eye things like to look at in the winter time when it's so cold
you can't won't be out for too long the winter triangle and that is Sirius Beetle Juice and cion form a nice
triangle in the sky a larger asterism probably to my
thought is the largest asterism in the sky if someone can come up with a larger one I like to know what it is but uh
it's a huge area of the sky so we would start at capella go down to Pollock
prion Sirius Riel Deon and back to Capella so this is the winter hexagon it
is a huge area the sky covers uh it's fun to point out to friends and
family uh another big naked eye object or binocular would be pereus the AL
perei cluster it's an open cluster but usually we think of open clusters to maybe be in a half degree this is
actually um three degrees so it's like six full moons so uh it's it's a large
cluster and right in the middle is murac a a yellow white super giant star so
beautiful cluster to see naked eye or binoculars uh we talked about m44 in on
John's Sky Map so a little tricky to find it's in the middle of cancer but if
you use castor and Pollock and regulus and go about in between with binoculars
The Beehive pluster will stand out there's no doubt this is a you know a
professional photograph this is one I took in my sea star this is more like what you will see in your binoculars but
you can see the stars line up they are they're all the same Stars here but you won't see this kind of color in your
binoculars uh you don't see much color in my sea star image a little bit here but it's a beautiful cluster it's great
to use to show people at early spring late winter star
parties another nice cluster was also in the Sky Map is down here m41 this is the
little beehive okay and uh the Walder Scott Houston wrote for many many years
deep Sky wonders he talked about seeing curved lines in the stars of m41 not
being visible in photographs but when you look at it through your telescope they should they should be prominent so
here is a professional view of the little beehive this is my shot with the
uh sea star again here's that bright red star in the middle that he talked about and you can sort of see some uh some
arcs there's an arc it's an arc here so uh I want to go out later tonight and take a look see if I can see any of
these things that he mentions and uh while you're in the area m41 we can also go up here not far away
are three open clusters m46 47 and NGC
2423 you need binoculars to see these you won't see these naked eye telescope would be perfect for seeing these and uh
so here's m47 uh you can see it's a pretty dense cluster um a lot of stars it must be
fairly close to us because by comparison m46 is is must be further away because
there's even more stars and it's a denser cluster I don't sure if you can see but right in
the middle here there's an interesting little object I'll point that out in this section I blew up and that is a
planetary nebula oh yeah NGC 2438 okay so you'll need a telescope to
see this for sure but but there it is uh and how else can you find if you
don't download the astronomical leag guides uh every month Sky maps.com puts
up a free skymap it's nice because list through the month on the left hand side
of the Sky Map what you can see and on the back side you can see it list naked
eye binocular and telescopic objects another one of my favorite tools is watchs out tonight and both these are
free uh every month they update them and what's out tonight uh doesn't have a
dayby day but it does list the main things you can see and supplements just U general information about astronomy so
there's lots of resources out there for uh naked eye and a binocular observing during the winter time so so get your
clothes on and get out there and enjoy the uh the crisp winter Sky while we have it absolutely yeah so uh don we
should also talk about the uh uh the astrocon that's coming up for um uh the
league in Bryce Canyon yep yep so the that is at the end of June and you can
find information about that just go to the astronomical League website and there'll be a link there to take you to
the astrocon page where you can register and um if there are rooms left that
Ruby's in you can get rooms uh if not I'm sure there are other places to stay but that would be the best place to stay
uh there'll be a lot of activities there'll be workshops there'll be uh tourist uh night sky observing so it's
it's going to be a wonderful event I'm we looking forward to it very good very good well that's wonderful uh we have um
a large live viewing audience uh right now I wanted to uh recognize all of them
uh and a lot of interesting conversations going back and forth as well so um if you have a question for
one of our speakers as we go along you don't hesitate to put it down we'll try to squeeze it in we have a lot of
speakers tonight so um so uh but U but
that's it for right now with the league and any other last words or no just come back next Friday to see
uh Al live there we go with Tom Riner from the uh dark sky International
previous president wonderful thank you so much John you're so welcome okay all
right so um we are uh I should have this memorized by now but um um our next
speaker uh is Kareem Jafar he is a professor at
John Abbott College uh up in Canada he is leading uh the Royal Astronomical
Society of Canada uh the I guess from the Montreal Center that's where he's uh
he's from but I think he's kind of over most of the Outreach that's going on with the uh rasque uh organization and
uh we always love to have Kareem on because he has interesting stories and
interesting lore to tell us every time and so um but uh he's going to give us
an update on what's going on with rasque right now hey Scott hey everyone it's great to
be on the GSP you know Scott the fact that you keep putting these together
with such amazing lineups and staying on and hosting I actually I had a student
come by my office yesterday and they saw on my schedule
that I block off Tuesday nights and they saw that it's blocked off from 6:30 my
time until about 11:30 and they said wait are you seriously partying for four
hours five hours on Tuesday what what is This Global star party yeah and when I
described it they were like oh my God I could actually just sit and listen to astronomy all night on Tuesdays and I
said whenever we have gsps and if we don't watch them on YouTube they're all archived there's 164 that you've missed
catch up from now and they were stunned that that you have continued to put
these together and I mean I'm appreciative I think we all are I'm I'm
appreciative that the uh presenters come in and regularly do things like yourself
Kareem uh it is um it's an honor and it
is um it's so interesting you know if you ever gone to a a big star part
there's usually kind of a hangout spot that you go to uh and you'll hear talks or or you'll meet people that you always
wanted to meet you know in amateur astronomy um and uh so we try to
recreate some of that here on the global star party so and we we do things that
can only be done this way because you can't get people from all over the world uh together in the in the same house so
to speak you know um without you know the miracle of the internet so
absolutely no this is it's been a pleasure to be part of this yeah okay well I'm gonna let you take it away
thank you thanks Scott and uh hi everyone so this evening what I wanted
to share with you what I wanted to spend some time talking about was a conference
that I attended this past weekend and it's one that I've attended many times
in uh different I don't know you could almost say like different uh setups
different organizations uh routines because it's a student run conference it's called the Canadian
space conference and it's run by the students for exploration and development of space so when I saw Scott last week
put forward this idea Beyond the Horizon that exploration is wired into our brains we want to know what's
beyond I was ready for this conference this weekend and I emailed Scott right away and said I want to spot Thursday
night because the people who I'm hanging out with this weekend this is exactly their theme This Is How They approach
all of the work that they do in student design teams the Outreach that they do the inreach that they do and the way
they even approach their classes and their internships for those that are in co-op programs so I wanted to share a
window onto what the Canadian space conference was this past weekend now as always in the RAS
Montreal Center and for my own Outreach I always start not just with a land
acknowledgement that we are on unse seeded indigenous lands here in the Montreal area but also that we share the
sky with all of the indigenous peoples First Nations from across our area here
in Canada but also ancient cultures across the world and a couple of weeks ago during GSP 164 I talked a little bit
about the wolf moon and the spirit moon but something interesting happened yesterday that made me want to just
continue this part of the lore just a little bit longer because right now we
are in this wolf Moon the next moon is the snow blinding Moon as it's known
from a couple of the First Nations and typically these moons the names represent what is happening in nature
right now but as you can see this picture that was taken by Roger Heyman on Saturday of the waning crescent the
waning crescent is now tonight very very very slim just a degree or two because
tomorrow is the new moon so we are cently at that threshold where nature is kind of changing what it's showing us
and last night we had snow squalls with winds up to 100 kilometers per hour and
snow falling and just flying all over the place and looking out the window
once I was safely home I thought yep it's no blinding Moon time and so we see
these Connections in the nature around us that the indigenous people captured in the stories and the names and so I
was really happy this past weekend that there was a professor Nelson from out east that came and spoke a little bit
about some of these First Nations Legends and talking a little bit about kind of the two-eyed seeing that I spoke
about in past gsps I also want to mention that our rasque Montreal Center has our next
public event on next Wednesday February 5th at 7 o'clock Eastern time and it's a
YouTube live stream with gual physics we've been doing these annually now for this is going to be our fifth year doing
them and uh the great orback from gu physics uh co-host with myself and this
time around we have a speaker that I think a lot of our GSP audience is not going to want to miss Brian Deer uh had
a incident early on I I don't know about a little while ago and and ended up confined to a
wheelchair and his love of space brought him to work on a design of a telescope
that we be more accessible for him and he realized that this is something that could be useful across the world
especially with the idea that he had that you could just create these 3D designs and make them available and
people would buy whatever they need to make this work so he's created a 3D Bank
on GitHub of designs and in GTH he has actually created a loaning library for
telescopes to be able to be shared uh for educators and Outreach people and so
he's going to share with us a little bit of his story some of his designs and talk a little bit about his experiences and
Outreach now again my main thing that I want to talk to you about tonight is the Canadian space conference and it was a
three-day event starting on Friday evening and it's run by postsecondary
students for postsecondary students and supported by industry Academia and local
governmental agencies as well as a lot of the space enthusiasts in the area
it's part of the said's mission across the world to try to share and promote
some of the student work being done and so the SS Canada has been really active
again after a little bit of downtime where there was no saids in Canada but since 2014 they have been incredibly
active and I've been privileged enough to be part of a lot of the work that they've done over the last uh six seven
years now and we're looking to even enhance some of the work that the rasque has done with them uh the organizer from two
years ago tala abourisk I've been Co I've been crossing paths with several times she worked this summer at the CSA
she was part of the amazing uh High atmospheric balloon projects uh launches that they've been doing through timens
uh onar and and Manitoba area right on the border there and she took photos
this weekend and she was kind enough to share them with me today so that I could share them with with our GSP audience
now Concordia University and space Concordia were co-hosts and the keynote on Friday night was Lisa Campbell who's
the president of the Canadian space agency now I don't know about you but normally when I go to Keynotes you know
the speaker is at the front they're giving our presentation they're answering their questions and it tends
to be fairly I don't know moderated in that fashion where it really is you know a
sage on the stage speaking to the audience well lo and behold when the question and answer session started Lisa
was like I don't want to be up here I want to be in amongst you and she came into the audience talking with people
directly as they asked questions at one point she even sat down beside one of the audience members and had a chat with
her for a little while and one thing that I love is you see there in the front turning back and looking at us and
smiling at what Lisa's saying that's actually my nephew NAD Musa who's part of the University of calvary student
design teams and so he had come to Montreal for this conference Lisa also
joined us on a big conference photo that we did right there in the actual keynote room and you can see here she's at the
front beside her uh on her left is Adam who's the president of ss Canada and you
have most of the organizing team right there at the front and then all of the participants and audience that you can see straight there through the
back on Friday evening we had a industry Expo and all of the sponsors set up
booths to talk to students and to share with students a little bit of the projects that they're doing and the types of things that they are looking
for for internships for future positions and for projects that they want to fund
and support and we also had a lot of student groups that were showing off some of their rocketry some of their
satellit some of their cubat some of their projects that they're working on in fuel cells and we even had a few
groups that were former students who had spun off some of the work that they had been doing into new technology and then
with the RC I had a booth there and it was literally non-stop for almost four
hours answering questions about the observation of the night sky because that's not something that a lot of these
students get a chance to do from the engineering and Technology aspect where they're really focused on their projects
and their build designs finding out what the rasque centers offer what amateur astronomy has to offer offer to these
students both in terms of showing them the night sky that they want to explore but also in giving them a platform
potentially to take part in some of the Outreach so that they can share their passion for space exploration and space
development with others and that was a key part of my message during the weekend I'll talk a little bit more about that in a few minutes Saturday's
session was incredible it was a long day and then it was ended by a Yuri's night event to kind of celebrate our
exploration of space starting with Yuri Garin and it started off in the morning
with Dr Olivia Hernandez who uh some of you may remember I spoken about he is our planetarium director as well as the
director for research at the espass bo Lavi which is our big science museum
conglomeration here in the Montreal area after him was Andrew Higgins now Andrew at McGill is a Interstellar propulsion
uh researcher and I've had the fortune over the last uh last year and a have to
really get to know Andrew and now I'm on part of his one of his well two of his
research projects one of which I'm helping to coordinate observing of some of the balloon projects that he's doing
and the other is still kind of in its infancy but it is going to be moving forward soon so he was talking to the
students a little bit about the challenges of interstellar exploration then we had a panel from the
IAS The International Institute for aeronautical sciences and they were individuals who've done uh microgravity
uh flights that have done uh analog missions and you can see them in their flight suits there and they were talking
about the experiences themselves and the panel was moderated by Hassam hin who is our speaker uh coordinator for the
conference and then later on in the afternoon there was even an Arts dialogue with space panel where we had
three local artists including the one who's shown here speaking batina for who's a past rasque Montreal president
and they were talking a little bit about the work that they've done on that border between artistic e exploration
and expression and their view of space and batina actually runs the artist and
residence program at the CI Institute so she was able to talk a little bit about the way in which they coordinated that
program one of the things that I do want to point out is not only were the students really you know grateful and
enjoying these presentations whether it was researcher speaking whether it was from outside of your
traditional approach to science and space exploration or whether it was
other students or former students current recent alumni presenting they
were not just attentive and appreciative but the EV the the the setup allowed for
the questions to be asked in front of everyone or informally afterwards
directly to the speakers with networking sessions Sunday was the day that I was a
bigger part of uh Sunday was our closing day and it was a lot of Canadian space
agency uh content which was fantastic as well as a lot of
researchers and Outreach individuals who got to speak more about what it means to
kind of communicate but take part in science and astronomy and I would be
able to talked for ages about each one of these presenters um we were really lucky to have Isabelle tromble Ken
balski um as well as uh former astronaut or astronaut Dr Mark garau who was also
a politician part of the cabinet uh for the federal government here for a little while in uh Canada and uh Giovanni
delesio from MDA space gave a really nice presentation about where we are at right now with some of the new work
being done in their satellite systems division Isabelle was incredible when
she presented about the work that they are doing on Earth observation and trying to make some of that data
accessible and she wanted to capture the moment of being part of this conference
and you can see the smiles on everybody's faces knowing that the speaker was just as happy to be there
with them as they were to be there with her and I was really happy not just because I was in the audience and
getting to listen but also I had a group of current students that haven't taken astronomy yet with me a couple of
students who've recently taken astronomy with me and several of my alumni who've come back for the conference and so it
was wonderful to see kind of this mix of experiences from the Jack Astro team the
ones that have been part of my rasque Outreach over the last eight plus years my presentation happened as well
on Sunday morning and uh Dr lock Albert from uh The Institute for research on exoplanets the TR Institute at
University of mreal spoke just before me and uh made a joke about you know us old
old guys being given the Sunday morning and uh it was funny because the Sunday
morning is difficult especially after the Yuri night on Saturday night but as you can see everybody was really focused
and paying attention and listening in on the messaging that we were trying to provide for for him it was about the
James Webb Space Telescope and the amount of information that's available now for students to work with and for me
my Approach was twofold I wanted to talk a little bit about what rasque has to
offer but I also wanted to bring them to an understanding of what citizen science is because citizen science isn't
something that's covered traditionally in the curricula at University and so I wanted to make sure that they had a a
real clear view of areas of Citizen science where they can participate from
now so I started by talking a little bit about the new role that I have that Scott was alluding to I'm now the chair
of the National Education and public Outreach committee here at the rasque and in this capacity we've been working
on many new activities you know I've been on this committee for five years we've done a lot of really cool projects
and ideas and activities but we've got a few new ones that are that are just
about ready to be up and running including a a revised program for introductory visual astronomy resources
that we are putting together uh Ron mcon is actually leading this putting together a group of resources for new
student clubs just starting out and this was really neat because during the SS talk several people came up to me and
talked about having just started clubs a couple of years ago during the last rasque presentation that I had given
they were really encouraged to do to like start to set up clubs at their schools and so now I can connect them
with Ron and we can provide them with some resources to get them started and get feedback from them as to what's the
best way to deliver this so that more and more clubs can form in some of the
smaller colleges or the high schools where there are really interested kids but they don't always have the mentor
available within the teaching faculty in those schools we're working on some beginners observing activities and then
the big new thing that we're putting together is a set of Citizen science initiatives and that's where I spent
most of my time on Sunday speaking about citizen science and it's kind of neat that Scott started us off about the
Andromeda photo because that's how I started off my discussion on citizen science I talked about the new Andromeda
photo that had been put out by scientists showing that incredible highresolution imagery of this
neighboring Galaxy and then I spoke about how this came from an initial
photo that was published about 10 years ago from all of the Hubble information
and that Hubble information put together this wonderful set of images and the
Andromeda project was actually what led to this big thing because the Andromeda project was a citizen science project to
try to get the Galaxy pictures identified for Star clusters and
ensuring that you're not mistaking a background Galaxy for a star cluster and they had planned for you know about
50 users to give about you know a thousand or so views and you know you
could maybe get you know 7,000 views if you're lucky and and observations and
they were they were really optimistic for the first 16 days that they would get a good number of in those first 16
days they got a million classifications and so they extended it by opening it up for another nine days
and over those 25 days they ended up with 30 th000 volunteers participating
in this Andromeda project and that allowed them to identify 2753 star clusters in the Andromeda
galaxy now part of the reason I wanted to talk about this was to show how
amazingly um passionate people can be about a project if they get a chance to contribute to science and the other part
was because I want to be part of this idea this Hubble challenge to try to get
people to understand and the richness of the observations we've received from the
Hubble Space Telescope so I started with a Hubble observation set with the Andromeda project and as I'm going to
show you in a few minutes actually ended with a set of Hubble images that this that the participants could learn how to
play with the next thing that I talked about I used adrianne's amazing picture
of the winter hexagon that Don just talked about this was from okex a couple of years ago and Adrian had sent me this
and told me that I could use this picture for my classes and for outreach and I've been using it a few times for a
few different reasons but this time around it was specifically to tell the student audience and the researchers who
were in the audience and the Canadian space agency members and everybody who was there and
listening that we don't have these Skies anymore and so I introduced them to Globe at night and I talked to them a
little bit about the benefit of doing these low Moonlight campaigns because the current campaign had just started
and the Third campaign coming up for the 2025 year overlaps with Earth hour so
I'm planning with the education public Outreach committee to try to put together a set of informative materials
and hopefully a presentation to explain why Globe andite is a valuable citizen
science project to be part of and we have a light pollution abatement committee here in the rasque that's working with that as well and
when you go on the glob at night website and you look at the map of observations and this is for
2024 you can see an incredible number of observations in North America which is
it it really is wonderful to see if you zoom in you start to see that most of
those observations are happening South of the Border in the US and close to
major cities which is important but when I zoom into the corridor Along on Ario
to Quebec where most of the population seems to live the Toronto area has some
observations NRA Falls has just a couple Kingston has some and then there's a
group around the Montreal area and that's my students because I've been doing this for many many years now every
year I have the students go out and do these glob and night observations and then a few of them are other individuals
who learn about Globe at night and start to participate in it but then if you look out west There is almost no
observation so I wanted to share this citizen science project with the audience because it was a national
audience and I wanted them to recognize that they could start to capture some of the changes that we're seeing to the
night sky and then I showed them that if you start getting students to look up if
students start looking up they will continue to look up and they'll recognize the difference when they are
in Suburban skies and darker skies and my students still send me the pictures
that they observe in these different skies and then I talked to them about the Observer handbook now the observer's
handbook by the RAS has an incredible amount of resources but one of the recent additions is from Scott Young
from our Winnipeg Center who started putting in some additional asteroid occultations that could be viewed from
different parts of Canada and he drew my attention to this earlier on in January
that this Wednesday uh asteroid uh Vista is to occult a specific star TYC 82600
637 in Leo and it's a visible occultation that we could measure if
we're along that path and you look at the path and the path passes through a few cities just north of Calgary through
Winnipeg through Ottawa and then just south of Montreal and then it passes
through a few different parts of Northeast us as well if we can observe
this occultation hopefully we we will see you know a really good occultation Transit curve using some photometry and
we can use Astro image J for this but we could also and this is what's kind of NE
is if we want to if we observe and we can do it with enough Precision we might
have a chance to see if this asteroid has rings because we might be able to see a dip on either side that is
actually something that we can pull out from the data and this is why asteroid occultations minor planet occultations
these are all important for observers to start paying attention to and in our
observers handbook page 244 245 246 247 you have minor asteroids or main belt
asteroids versus near Earth asteroids and what we might be able to see as
occultations with a map so these types of Citizen science projects are part of what we want to start getting out into
the consciousness of rasque astronomers of the amateur astronomy Community but I
also wanted our participants for this Workshop to leave with something in hand
to show the benefits of Citizen science so I spoke for a little while about junocam and I showed them some of the
findings and some of the discoveries that have occurred by doing citizen science processing of the junocam uh
images the image sets that come through and then I walk them through a really
nice view of taking a slice of one of these images and being able to draw out
the storm behavior and how if we watch the storm parove after parove along the
same set of belts we might be able to see the evolution of some of these storms from Juno Cam's perspective and
then lastly I ended with talking to them about the James o space telescope images
and talking about the difference as you'll see here on the left between the Hubble image and the James of Space
Telescope image when you can really pull in that infrared behavior and I left
them with a set of image files from the Hubble Legacy archives and from James
web space telescope and a walkthrough of a process that you can use in order to
actually do these for yourself and so that was what we worked through within
my workshop on citizen science as part of this space exploration or Student
Exploration Conference of space which I it was just it's motivational it's
inspiring to hear the students see their projects and then recognize that what
we're doing in the amateur Community what we're doing in the Outreach Community is now the next thing they
want to be part OFW and so a lot of the students have said you know they would love to be part of the workshops we give
the talks we give and I'm hoping in the next few gsps to bring Adam the
president of ss Canada in to talk a little bit about some of the projects that they do Wonder to you Kareem thank you so
much John Ray watching on YouTube says in engineering I utilize machinery
handbook now that I'm retired I always use the um
observers uh handbook so nice plug thank you fantastic all
right thank you so much Karim and we'll see you on the next Global Star Party sounds good okay great our next speaker
is none other than David ier he is a co-host of the global star party uh he
is the editor and chief of astronomy magazine he's one of the leaders and on the board of directors for the starmus
organization which is uh Coming to America here in the not too distant future so um he's got an interesting
talk tonight uh it's about his love of the ninth planet and so um and uh you
know I still think of as is it a planet what do you think I do too Clyde would be proud of you Scott done yeah
that's right you're not taking it away for me no so David thank you so much for coming on
to Global star party and and uh um I'll let you take it away thanks man and I
want to talk a little bit about uh an event there are lots of events now coming up now that we've turned the
calendar page I will share my screen I hope and I hope to share the right thing
and I will start a slideshow
and talk a little bit uh not so much about starus tonight but about an event
that we're going to have in h Flagstaff um coming up in in a just a little more
than a couple of weeks now um there there's a festival that is held sponsored by LOL Observatory each year
called the iHeart Pluto Festival uh that coincides roughly with the anniversary
date now we're looking at uh 95 years since our old pal Clyde discovered Pluto
um and so this is an event that now uh spans several days it's grown um a bit
and I wanted to talk a little bit briefly about it uh it's too bad that our co-host uh David has left us he's
going to be here uh with a bunch of speakers um and it's going to go from
February 13th to the 17th this year close to the Pluto Discovery date uh but
not exactly on it this time so uh iHeart Pluto as I mentioned
celebrates the legacy of the discovery um and we don't need to get into the whole you know Pluto plan well the low
people certainly believe it is and uh they would not put astronomers into the
realm of deciding planetary science that's all I'll say about it right now so so anyway this is an annual event
it's a lot of fun the main event we're going to have on that Saturday night of this run of days um and it's at the
orium theater where Clyde famously went after he discovered Pluto uh that
evening to see Gary Cooper in the Virginia so it's now kind of been retooled a little bit it's a club they
usually have bands in there now but they show movies as well um so we're in the same space where Clyde cooled his heels
after the Pluto Discovery coming up on a century ago almost
now we'll have a panel discussion at the Orum uh that Saturday night about
astronomy and a little bit about uh well a lot about Pluto a little bit about sci-fi we'll have three special guests
in our discussion that evening um it's going to consist of David Levy of course
who was a friend and biographer of Clydes Allan Stern who was the pi for
the New Horizons Mission he's spoken on the GSP a number of times um and Adam
neoy the son of uh the great Star Trek actor Leonard neoy and we're going to
talk about astronomy with him and also about his father and about Star Trek many of us of course are Star Trek fans
and some of us who are old now grew up on the original series as a kid so that is emblazoned into the
memory you can see uh for ticket information on the iHeart Pluto festival
and by the way the night of discussion here I just mentioned at the theater is actually a separate ticket so there's a
ticket for everything and then a ticket for the evening discussion but iHeart
pluto. org is the website to go to see information about this
event the uh Festival will and here's a shot of the you can see the in internal
part of the theater um as it is now um a fancy oldtime theater uh and it's a
multi-day event as I mentioned first of all on a Thursday night we'll have a dedication of a new Pluto themed beer uh
at the Mother Road Brewery in Flagstaff um and an astronomy ontap quiz event
with a bunch of interesting questions some of them I'm sure will uh relate to
Pluto um and the next uh day on Friday night we will have a strange new world's
planetarium show at LOL uh several of you I know who are on here and we've
talked to were at uh LOL fairly recently for their grand reopening um it is an
incredible $55 million facility now at Flagstaff on Mars Hill we'll start with
a planetarian show that night and then do a pub uh around the city as well uh
on the 15th there are Festival activities um and then the 16th uh
special um Talk by Adam neoy back at the observatory For the Love of Spock will
be a documentary that is screened there and on the 17th a Monday there will be a
Pluto birthday party at LOL and some Talks by also some of our friends Dean
RAS a popularizer our pal from Cincinnati Todd Gonzalez Gerard vanell
who's uh one of the science directors astronomer LOL and Steve hmel so it's
going to be a unique event it's really fun uh and we invite you to come and
hang out and have a good time with us and whether you're talking about Pluto or the new beer I'll leave that to your
judgment when it comes to the good time also as Scott mentioned uh we're
having a couple of staris events which I'll talk more about as we get a little closer uh this spring they're both in
April April 1st and 2nd we're going to have an event uh for the first time in the United States with starmus at the
Kennedy Center in Washington uh and I'll talk more about that later but you can see all the info on that at star.com and
then of course our main staris this year will be in La Palma uh in the Canary
Islands which if you go there turn around three times close your eyes and open them you could swear you're in
Hawaii uh it's very much a Hawaiian analog island off the Northwestern coast of Africa and of course what we're
seeing here the of is the largest telescope in the world the grand telescopio canarius which edges out the
CeX um at the moment as much larger telescopes of course now are being built
uh in mostly in Chile so so that's kind of it for the moment I just wanted to
give you a heads up uh if you can come to Flagstaff or participate uh remotely
with any of the Pluto Festival uh activities we will love that and then
star we get a double whammy with staris in April both in the states and in the
Canary Islands and there are more exciting starus developments that we're
working on now that we'll be able to talk about in the in the coming weeks as
well so thank you Scott that's wonderful rather than deep Sky objects tonight I'm
just talking about events here I will stop sharing my screen right I hope if
you if you can come to some of those any of them you'll have a really good time uh quite amazing events and if you can't
we'll tell you what happened when you weren't there and tell you about some events that will be coming up uh next
year perhaps that's right well uh you know I wish I was going to the iHeart
Pluto Festival um it's it's been going on for several years now is a number of
years yeah and it's gotten bigger each year as these things tend to do and and you know more elaborate and so on so I
think it'll stay pretty much as it is now for the uh coming years um but it'll be fun to be in that group of uh think
of how scared I'll be sitting on stage with David with Allan Stern and with uh
okay Moy I'm I'm gonna be uh trying to hold my own with all that that uh bunch
of incredible guys so it should be fun well you're one of them David so thank
you for putting that on and for you know I know that you're very involved with L Observatory if you guys have not been to
L Observatory uh David was alluding to the uh the new installation of their
Outreach Center there their $55 million Outreach Center I believe it's probably
the crown jewel of Outreach and um you know to learn more about astronomy to
get more handson their planetarium is the actual sky itself and so they have
this it's really screen that comes up and with you're out under the stars with
heated seats and there's an audio video yeah there's a very large uh
theater as well in the building uh huge numbers of exhibits and Museum artifacts
and so on and interactive stuff of course for the young or the young at heart um and of course we still have all
the stuff that has always been there um on Mars Hill the Clark refractor and of
course the Pluto telescope or Pluto camera as we used to call it back in the day has been moved back to its original
Dome where Pluto was discovered by Clyde in 1930 yeah to me the whole experience of
being at l l i mean it's kind of surreal you know you're surrounded by Antiquity
but it's restored I mean it's like you step back into time you know and uh it's
really a remarkable and you're walking along that glow-in-the-dark path that they have and uh it's just so many
aspects of it was so well done you know that uh you can't just go and visit it
once a lot of people go to a museum or an Outreach place and visit it once and say they did it uh you quickly learn
that this is not going to be a oneandone kind of deal you know so it's really an incredible place now it's completely
different now that the uh huge new facility is built um and you know we haven't even talked about you know down
the road outside of town they have a four meter telescope too um so there's a lot of research going on it's really
unique in terms of you know For Better or Worse some of our historic observatories yeres and Mount Wilson
have turned more into just museums really for the most part right um and
LOL really is a museum where a lot of astronomical history took place uh but a
lot of really cuttingedge research uh particularly with the little Discovery
telescope outside of town now as well so it's quite unique
yep can't wait to get back there thank you so much David uh if you're not a subscriber to astronomy magazine it is
the world's largest publication on the subject uh so you can go to astronomy.com and get a subscription
right there either digitally or in print or both you know so thanks very much
David thanks God take care okay all right so our next speaker uh will be I'm
very excited to bring him on it's uh Tim Robertson from the association of lunar
and planetary observator observers um and uh he is uh going to be talking
about uh the podcast that he leads but uh Tim is uh an amazing astronomer and
uh a person of science himself and so I I will post a link to his bio um which
he should take a glance at or maybe a careful read even and uh and check him
out the association of lunar and planetary observers they call themselves
The Watchdogs of the solar system it's because they are making careful observations of all of the solar system
objects that are out there and uh you know you live in this kind of living breathing ecosystem of planets and uh
you know so uh it will remind you that after a long tied day at work you know
that uh you know you are indeed flying through space at unbelievable speeds and
uh reaching a new part of U the cosmos that we've never been to before all the
time and uh all the wonderful ballet and dance of the planets that goes on that
you can just see with the naked eye or if you make careful observations with telescopes uh like the Alo can show you
how to do um you too can become a citizen scientist and contribute to the
greater good here Tim thanks for thanks for being on global Star Party well
thank you Scott I'm finally able to make it I've been on the schedule last few weeks and we have had a few fires in
Southern California fires in californ that kep me from man they been shutting off our power unable to do this but
power's on right now so we're good and we have no wind so I'm very comfortable with that I want to start off by saying
u i I um I knew Charles Morris well and when David mentioned that I that came
out of left shock is it I had not heard that I mean he was just recently a speaker at Ventura County Astronomical
Society meeting you know he built his Observatory at his house in Filmore I was out there helping him put the thing
together years ago so I've known there too I've known him 16inch telescope out
there y y wife really enjoyable to be
around yeah yeah that's that's a definite loss definitely was yeah and uh I I just
remember one night being with him and Steve edberg uh looking at I said well
how many comets are out you know because I was thinking maybe there's a comet out you know and Charles Morris shows me I
think it was 11 comets in one night you know and he's just going here's one here's one here's one here's one you
know and they taught me how to see faint and uh so I'm indebted to them uh
because in that one night these two guys enhanced my my ability uh to enjoy um
astronomy like never before and so when you say it's a loss that's for sure it
is yeah yeah I back back then the license played on my car was Comet man
and and he wanted to buy that from me so and I kept nope you can never have it that's that's mine I I I I I put in for
that that's my license play well you kept that website going for so many years too yeah definitely definitely so
yeah Comet observation page that's right well when when I got the invite to do
this I saw what your uh what your uh Tang line was beyond oh the timeline too
yeah we have a kind of a tight timeline so sorry about taking up uh this time here and I know you have a lot to say so
yeah no no worries I thought about what today is also the anniversary of and I had I felt
I had to write something down so I wrote Beyond the Horizon lies a courage to explore the unknown as the crew of The
Spa shoulder Challenger reminded us pushing the boundaries of Discovery and inspiring generations to reach for the
stars so wow just want to start with that wonderful okay it's all yours thanks Tim
thank
you on go back to the beginning
all right as Scott mentioned I'm uh with the association lunar planetary observers I'm the current associate
director I host the podcast I'm also the coordinator of the training program in the
Alo and someday I'll come on and talk about that but what I'm going to talk about today is a podcast now most of you
probably know what a podcast is um but just to give you an understanding it's basically a radio program a lot of
podcasts now are video and that's a plan for me to go this year to make it a video podcast but currently all of our
episodes are Audio Only um so you can download them on anything I I'll have
all the links in here as well but why did we the Alo start a podcast well back
in 2017 when we started this print media we saw that was becoming a thing of the
past it's most people are getting their information online uh we all know this
hobby is also getting older and we want to do something to reach a younger
audience uh it allows for an immediate release of new discoveries and observations I can put a podcast out in
a day if I have to uh we want to grow the membership of the Alpo I want to reach a worldwide audience and also
introduce how to observe to everyone and these are all topics that we've done within the
podcast mentioned earlier the first podcast was released in 2017 that was
with our Alo treasur and historian Matt will and it was just a little 20-minute
podcast talking about the history of the Alpo that first month I had 25 downloads
and if you've ever done a podcast or put some Scott probably can relate to this the first time you hit upload and it
goes out there on the internet yeah it's nervous and you don't know who's going to look at
it where is it going to go and the first month I had 25 downloads and I went Who the hell's reading or listen to this I
had to go in and see where everybody was coming from well as of today we have 204 episodes online wow we average about 110
downloads a day we have over 1,200 subscribers on all formats and we have
over 925,000 total downloads so it's it's it's that's wonderful it's doing
okay uh we upload a new episode on the 1 and 15th of every month and I'm proud to
say iTunes has given us a five star rating
so where are our listeners coming from that's where I really wanted to see outside the US it's a United Kingdom they're the number one uh then Canada
Costa R has a number of of listeners Ireland and also Germany so it's
definitely a worldwide audience that we're speaking to on the
podcast who's been on well this guy named Scott Roberts has been on a couple times uh David Levy's been on and when
David was on I wish he was still here but when he was on I didn't tell him what I was going to talk about cuz we've
all heard his talks about comets and things like that well we spent about 45 minutes talking about
Shakespeare which he was ecstatic I mean I was asking his favorite quotes and things like that and that was actually
episode 100 of the podcast uh don Multz was on a number of times he was a
frequent he was a frequent guest and one side note on this podcast that I didn't
think about when I started it was if I interview people that pass
their voice lives on forever on the podcast and Michelle Don's wife has told
me a number of occasions you know I have forgotten what Don's voice sounds like I go back and I listen to your podcast
talking to him and it's just I get blown away by hearing things like that so that's a side view of doing something
like this uh pra hini many of us know her she's a little spark plug who did
the first observatory in Koso she's been on a number of times uh Dr eron McDonald
she's an astrophysicist and uh David mentioned uh Star Trek well she is now
the science coordinator for the Star Trek franchise so she does all the fact checking on everything so I had her on
the podcast kind of I'm a big trucky as well so kind of Blended my astronomy and I Star Trek Love Bob King from Sky
telescope or author from many things has been on a number of times Kristoff peler
uh he's an author of a book called planetary astronomy which I think is one of the fin books on observing the
planets Tom Dobbins amateur astronomer Clyde Foster who uh is is a very
well-known Saturn Observer then about a year and a half ago I did a series of famous
observatories uh doing this podcast I'm able to go into areas that I want to
learn about you know no one tells I no one ever gives me a direction of you need to do a series on this or a series
on that I said I want to do a series on famous Observatory and our local Observatory here is
Griffith Observatory so I got a hold of Dr edin crup and we talked for quite a while about Griffith Observatory a place
I used to go to when I was a kid I also talked to uh Doug Simmons who's uh at
monia Observatory it was a very nice conversation there and also uh Father
Paul gabber from the Vatican Observatory there are a number of I think I did about 15 observatories in that series uh
Allen hail comment discovers on and also Andrea Jones she's works with NASA
Godard and she's in charge of the uh the national observe the
moonight ah uh what are some of the most Rec
recent observers notebook podcast the future of the telescope industry with uh Mr Scott Roberts that actually is going
to be released on February 15th uh lunar observing with Robert Reeves I believe he's going to be on
here later that's going to be on February 1st Mars 2 2025 uh we talk
about uh what Mars looks like now what we can expect of this Apparition uh skyshed observatories the
uh small observatories that are built up in Canada I had Wayne Parker on about
that and that was a very interesting conversation I think he was he and his he's in a band and they were just uh
inducted in the Canadian Rock and Roll Hall of Fame recently so that was a whole different thing to talk about uh
Ingenuity helicopter on Mars um that's an upcoming podcast International
observe the moond day like I mention and also last week I talked to a gentleman
by the of gentleman by the name of Sam Dean um every year one of my favorite
podcasts to do is talk about the Comets of the coming year and I go through the minor planet circulars and see what
comments are coming in I talk to uh uh Carl hgen Rother who is are the po comic
coordinator but I was going through all these uh circulars and I saw the same name coming up on a lot of them as an
observer or co-founder or recoverer of all these objects and the guy's name was
Sam Dean and he lives in SEI Valley California which is where I live and I thought I know all the astronomers in
SEI Valley why don't I know this guy so I reached out to him well he's 23 years old he's been doing he's he's been doing
this since he was 9 years old wow he he he studies uh uh photographs
from from uh different uh Sky surveys and things like that and he looks for
you know streaks he looks for lines in the images and he goes back and tries to
research where they came from he's 23 I don't know at at nine I was not looking for comets and asteroids and
he's discovered a number of comets and asteroids in his life so that's a podcast coming up very very soon it's
very interesting talk to this guy this gives me a good feeling for the future of this hobby is being as young as he is
where can you uh listen to the podcast it's available everywhere iTunes Stitcher iHeart Radio Spotify SoundCloud
we also have a YouTube channel so all of the podcasts are also U over there on
our YouTube channel and like I mentioned a future plan for this year is to turn the
podcast into a video podcast right now it's all audio so that'll open up another Avenue
and how do we support this the Alpo does not give me any money for redu uh the producing or putting the podcast online
or anything it's all self-contained uh and we use patreon where we get monthly donations from
listeners and we have four different levels a dollar a month $5 a month you get early access to the podcast before
it goes public 10 bucks a month you get a copy of the novice observer's handbook which is a handbook I wrote for the
training program and 30 $ 5 a month you become a producer of the podcast and also a free membership to the Alo so
this is how we survive this pays the bills keeps the podcast
going and if You' like to get a hold of me my email address is com man com.net we also have a Facebook page
observers notebook just search for that uh if you'd like to come on the podcast drop me a note if you know someone that
you think would be an interesting guest for the podcast please let me know and if youd like to subscribe to the podcast
it's really simple you just take this code put your phone up to the screen right now take an image and it'll take
you right to the iTunes link where you can download any episode or subscribe to
the podcast just using that so that's what I got on the podcast if you have
any questions please feel free
wonderful Yeah Tim there's uh Bob trembley's watching on YouTube right now
and uh he says when I've been at Outreach events it seems there's always one kid that one kid that just blows me
away with their knowledge of astronomy sometimes it's a really young kid you know so um but uh you know it's always
our duty to help encourage uh young minds to um you know learn more about
science and to uh you know I mean people took us under their wings to uh get get
us uh to to where we are now so we have to pass it on so that's very true yeah
very true very good thank you so much Tim and uh um uh I did post I put a link
in for the uh Association of lunar and planetary observers um so you can click
on that you can join that Alpo it's a fantastic group a lot of great guys are
in there and you know men and women uh doing work on uh
uh observing our planets and other solar system objects as well so a lot going on
much more than you would ever imagine and me membership to the Alpo is only 22 bucks a year so oh my goodness yeah it's
the greatest deal in the it's a really good deal a really good deal absolutely
absolutely thank you so much all right Scot okay all right so um so our next
speaker uh is uh Dr Daniel bar I know Daniel gosh um I think over 25 years now
uh closer to 30 but who's counting closer to 30 that's right so I met Daniel let me bringing him on I met
Daniel when he was working retail at a uh chain store called scope City out
Southern California I'm working for meat instruments at that time and um uh you
know he uh went on from working at the store to becoming an a science educator
and he's a darn good one uh he's written books on uh you know how to uh make uh
science accessible uh he uh not I'm not going to say ironically but you know I
just couldn't believe that this guy showed up in Arkansas okay where I'm at
out here and uh to take over their stem program for the University of Arkansas
and so it was just really neat to reconnecting all the rest of it he since
retired from teaching um well I don't know if you actually ever really retire from teaching no no but um he uh and
then he worked for us for a while which is wonderful I know that everyone who got to experience Dr Daniel bar uh he he
had the nickname of Doc around here so that's right yeah so anyhow uh uh Daniel
thank you for coming back on to Global Star Party uh and uh uh you know we're getting
another mini how do you know session right at this moment and I'll let you take it away thanks Scott uh glad to be
here I i' gotta say I was listening to uh David talking about Clyde Tomo I got
to meet Dr Tombo once uh was it in about 1986 and I went to see him he was doing
a presentation afterwards we got to line up and meet him and shake his hand and I
said uh Dr Dr Tom B I was about 26 at the time I was a young guy said Dr Tom B
I've brought a book by a mutual friend of ours and I'm I'm hoping you'll sign it for me and he just looked up at me
and he said kid who the hell would I know that you know and I said well I brought my copy
of the principia and uh he I like Ike I'll sign your book and so he did and
that was lovely uh I wanted to give you uh a couple of updates I know on kind of a uh
a time uh limit here let me see if I can share my screen yeah and there we go and
let's take a look at a couple of things I'm going to show
you hopeing you can see this this is uh a little GIF of our uh Observatory build
and my Observatory building is now complete you can see the slab in the
building there um this is going to be different and I think I can show you why
um this is if I've got this right let's see if I
can boy not sure how to stop the
share here we go stop the share let me take a look at uh
another sorry I'm trying to get this the uh primary scope for the new
Observatory will be this bad boy here which is uh the applex refractor and
this is a 133mm F12 Built For Me by Fred marosek and
I've had this thing since about 1996 they don't make him like that anymore it's a monster it's uh the otaa is fully
7 feet long and you can see there the center of rotation I'm almost six foot
tall in my boots the center of rotation there is over seven foot high and the reason for that when you put the scope
at Zenith since the scope is seven foot long uh that means at Zenith the
eyepiece is still about a meter off the ground and you can observe without laying on your back and the uh the do
Shield there will be uh almost 10 feet off the ground when it's at the Zenith
and if you think about observatories and you say well gee if I'm doing an
observatory and what kind should I do and I can considered a do Observatory for the big aamax uh but a 2.7 M
Observatory with a 2 m long tube means there are times when uh the eyepiece is
less than a foot from the wall so I rejected that I thought about a rolloff
Observatory but your design of your Observatory depends a lot upon your center of rotation and I have three
telescopes that I like to use the one is the big aamax you see there uh the other
one is a pair of 27 mm binoculars the center of that is about chest high it's
about 4 and2 ft off the ground and then I have a 12in explore scientific dobsoni and of course the center of rotation for
that is on the ground and so what I decided I would do is build my
Observatory and my Observatory would be a roll out not a roll off and that seems
rather strange but uh here's a look at the observatory uh as it is today and you
can see we've got this this is a 7ot high door and we've got 26 ft of slab
coming out from there when I had the aamax back in the 90s I had it on a jmi
dolly and one day that Dolly collapsed it was too much weight I managed to
catch the scope my wife helped me L it to the ground but I had the big five
inch wheels on this five or six inch wheels I don't remember when this wheel when this leg collapsed it was it was
atrocious it was it was a disaster so I've gone ahead and design new dollies
that'll hold 1,800 PBS they'll be seriously over engineered they will not flex and they won't ever be more than
about an inch off the ground because they have a lever set of casters like you use for a big toolbench so it'll
only raise it up about an inch we can roll it out we can roll it back in uh
because setting a big scope like that appam up um I used to do it myself when I was in my 30s I used to take it out to
the desert I used to set it up it was like tossing the C it was it was quite
an adventure and uh but I'm I'm older now just a teeny bit just a little so I
don't want to be lugging that around anymore uh so we'll be able to roll it out and uh here's what the observatory
if we can show you just after the build there we go isn't that
lovely the guys came out they built this building for me uh in 20 degree weather and about an hour after they finished we
got snow and we had a big snow event we had almost a foot of snow here uh down
in witchville where I'm located and uh I was very pleased that after three days it was completely dry and tight inside
my building and uh when we look at this the door here faces East and the length
of the slab runs East and people of asked me why didn't you put the building in the north so you can roll your scope out and then you've got a view of the
whole Sky well the reason is Scott I'm a teacher so my Horizon is to have two or
three Scopes set up here there's room if I have people over to have more scope set up and we can all have a nice access
to uh the sky and uh I can bring a crowd
out to my Observatory and I can teach again which I'm looking forward to doing so this Observatory is designed you can
roll out two or three telescopes on the slab here there's room for more people
and then when you're done uh all the Scopes the uh big binoculars the dobsonian and the big refractor will all
have dollies and uh we'll be able to roll them out roll them back and I've
designed a pin locating system with spring-loaded pins so when I drop the dolly for the big refractor pins will
lock into holes in the slab so it'll be perfectly polar aligned every time bam
like that uh and I'm I'm very excited building the dollies is the uh the next
step and then uh this spring I'll be reaching out to local schools and uh
hopefully getting astronomy uh at least a guest lecturer sort of astronomy
program started in local schools and we used to have a club in Fort Smith uh was
an Arkansas and uh Eastern Oklahoma club and I'm hoping to re start that uh with
my new Observatory so this is really I'm looking very much forward to it and uh
it's just very exciting but it's a very unique uh sort of Observatory where uh
The Observatory is home to the Scopes but only during the day and cloudy
nights and then we roll the Scopes out and observe and then roll them back and put them away and it lets me have uh
shelter it lets me have all my tools and equipment and it lets me uh go ahead and
uh have plenty of guests and room for everybody and I'm looking forward to
completing that Observatory so that's a nice update that I hope to uh be bringing you more to um the other thing
I brought for tonight and I'm kind of doing showand tell uh we talk about Bri
Beyond the Horizon one of our first great Beyond the Horizon programs of course was the
Apollo program and I I got in the mail lift this up here this is a uh a lovely
copy and this is uh folio Society has re-released Andrew Chens uh a man on the
moon in two volumes and the lovely thing uh some of you may have seen this book
it originally came out in the 90s but uh Andrew Chen got contacted by the folio
society which is a British uh High quality book publisher and they said
let's let's reissue your book for the 50th anniversary of Apollo which of course was 2019 and NASA
got on board with this and they went ahead and they went back to the Apollo archives and they did high resolution
scans of all these lovely pictures uh so this book starts basically with
Kennedy's speech at right University in the early 60s uh and uh I still get Shivers I
still hear his voice in my head we do not choose to do these things because they are easy we choose them because
they are hard and we choose to go to the moon and do the other things in this
decade and he basically laid it on the line and he said America let's do this
let's go to the Moon you have to remember we think about the challenges of exploring Mars of the web telescope
we didn't have when he announced this didn't have Rockets we didn't have boosters nobody had ever done it a
couple of satellites had gone up into orbit a couple of men had gone on suborbital and then an orbital flight
and that's all we had done we had no Landers we didn't have
the kind of pressure suits we needed to move around on the moon we didn't have the scientific instruments we didn't
have the computers uh you realize NASA built the Saturn 5 uh the
Command Module the Lim using slide rules which is is just a stunning
achievement and these guys got up on well was essentially a small small thermonuclear bomb and said let's light
this candle and go to the Moon just a stunning stunning human achievement and
uh when we think of over Horizon whenever somebody says whenever
uh old men say you can't do that it's impossible and a young man says yes I
can you bet on the young guy the young woman every single time you realize
Lauren Kelvin in 1895 said heavy of the
air flight will never happen this is Lord Kelvin this is the dean of British physics and he said oh that'll that'll
never happen eight years later wilb bur Orville sure we can young men yeah when
old men say it's impossible and and Young Folks say yes we can bet on the Young Folks every time remember it was
Newton who said no one will ever uh figure out the chromatic aberration
problem uh with refractors that's why he built the reflector and when the
smartest guy in the world says it can't be done yeah g guess what surpris it shut down research on uh lens
development for almost 70 years uh so really as a teacher part of what I've
always tried to instill in the folks who passed through my classroom is yes you
can that's that's the attitude yes you can well nobody's ever done it I don't care somebody said it's impossible I
don't care go ahead Bang Your Head on that wall because somebody is going to
somebody's going to accomplish that it might as well be you and it has to be somebody with a dream with a vision and
uh when we have a dream and we have a vision we accomplish great things do and I have seen this many times over the
years and uh when we see uh when we see things like this Observatory I can't
tell you how long since since I purchased this aamax
refractor at least I thought about and planned my own Observatory and uh came very close to
building it my old home uh up in elens I had a nice Hilltop Ranch and I was going
to put the observatory in covid came in equipment material prices went crazy and I
couldn't get anybody to do work for to do concrete work or anything so that shut down which turned out to be an okay
thing because I retired a couple years later and I would have hated to leave my Observatory
um but the whole idea of Beyond the Horizon for me yes there are great
scientific projects there are great scientific projects uh we talk about
Viking Viking was only seven years after Apollo you know oh Kennedy got us to the Moon
in nine years and then NASA took us from there to landing on Mars Mars in just
seven 1976 um yes we can and our Horizons are
only as limited as we think they are and for me part of my passion
for virtually all of my adult life has been uh introducing young people to
space science and astronomy and U when I first said I
wanted to teach astronomy my my high school principal said no you can't I said sure I can no one will
come we you can have if we put this class on the schedule no one will take that who the hell takes astronomy I said
okay let me have a club for a year and if you're convinced that the the club was packed the club was full of people
oh yeah and the principal came out exactly once matter of fact that was one
of two times during my 44 years teaching astronomy where an administrator came to
a star party wow but the next year I had astronomy and uh they said there's no
textbook I said I'll WR one there's no lessons well I can do that well what
about a telescope did you know you had one an old C8 kind of gathering dust here in a closet I can use that and um
my answer was always kind of like Field of Dreams if you build it they will come they will come and uh 44 years later um
something like 10,000 students have come through my classroom over the years I went and tallied it up it's very close
to 10,000 students yeah maybe not quite but I'm I'm still swinging we'll get
there you Chang lives that's for sure these sort of things these sort of things uh so many
teachers uh uh have said I I couldn't possibly teach astronomy and uh I I
laugh at them I laugh at them all and say yes you can and I'll show you how um
The Horizon we not only need to reach for it ourselves we need to lift
children up on our shoulders so they can see beyond their Horizon
too just like a child at a parade where you put them up on your shoulders and say look the clowns look the band
you know look the drum and bugle core and they get to see above that Horizon because you lift them up yeah that's
what good astronomy education that's what astronomy Outreach does it lifts
people up and when we rise our Horizon gets
broader and when we put our eyes to a telescope uh I thought long and hard about the name of my observatory in
Western Arkansas observatory the wow the reason I that
because over the years the most common reaction I've had from young people and
adults when I took a refractor out and I said here's the moon here's Saturn
here's Jupiter those are moons is wow can't tell you how many times people
have looked at the telescope and said is there a picture up there come on that's not really Saturn those aren't really
I'm not really seeing the Rings right and I know that today uh
there's a great Trend moving towards astrophotography because in part Ai and
companies like dwarf and unistellar and uh others have made astrophotography so
easy but for me the real Delight is to go out to a refractor to go out to a big
reflector to point my do an Andromeda and to sit there and observe and to
ponder yeah okay those photons have been on their way for two and a half million
years just so they could Bullseye my mirror and Bullseye my retina and I can go personal it's it's Andromeda I'm
seeing light that left there there are stars that have died in between now and
then I can look at galaxies that are so far away our solar system didn't exist
when the light left there and for me bringing that Wonder
bringing that Wonder down to earth and I think every astronomer amateur professional newbie experienced old you
know ball guy like me every astronomer goes out and we put our eye
to the eyepiece and we establish a personal connection with the sky and we
expand our Horizons we look Beyond them and it's this sort of a thing that
inspires my passion it's why I've written my books uh star mentor and
astronomy for educators which if any of you are interested in Outreach and if you'd like to see Hands-On projects you
can use it an Outreach event you can go and type in astronomy for educators into Google and it's a free download more
than 10,000 schools around the world use it and I was
always I was always committed to a Hands-On education and when I taught astronomy I
I got questions from principles and from Deans why can't you do this during the
day I've had people say I say well you missed your opportunity last month to
see Jupiter it's it's gone now it's set well bring it
back and sadly apart from the wow I sometimes got
reactions you know you set up this marvelous refractor and you put it on the moon you put the right fil in and
you're zooming in and you're about to tell people oh wow look you can see where there have been geological changes
on the moon you can look inside this crater you can see where the ground has slumped where the long run
out has come from a landslide down into the bowl of the crater you can see the
Terrace where The Rock has torn away and fractured and you're ready for that you're ready to give it all to them and
somebody comes up to the eyepiece and they look at it and they go it's the moon I seen it
that's got to be one of the big misconceptions of of today you know um a
lot of people think that we already totally understand the universe
you know there's nothing more to be learned there's also people that think that it's static you know the Stars
don't look like they move or nothing's going on on the moon nothing's further from the truth everything's constantly
evolving constantly changing correct yeah what is what do you think is the best um thing that uh can change
someone's mind because you know to kind of understand that you need
to study this but uh um how do you think something like uh a total eclipse of the
sun uh for example there's the eclipse the eclipse was
tremendous uh I went out to Panka Arkansas and was out there with about 500
and I brought the big binoculars and put twin solar filters on it cool and just
see old people acting like kids and and kids acting like sages as they look
through and said ah yes was just wonderful but the thing
I realized as a teacher after so many years the more knowledge you bring to the eyepiece the more value you take
away from it and it doesn't take a huge telescope
it doesn't take people get obsessed with the idea that oh I I need $5,000 worth
of Optics to do what I want um you know Galileo would have been hella impressed
with a 60 millimeter Tasco from 1975 yeah would have been the best
telescope in the world yes the biggest
problem with keeping people into the hobby is what I refer to as the what next problem
okay I've seen the moon okay there's Jupiter I guess those are moons what next what can I do with my telescope now
the telescope is kind of a party in a box you set one up everyone wants to come and have a go and they say o I
could learn so much I could I could be a thinker I could be an Explorer I could be a scientist and they buy a telescope
and then they put their eye to it and they look at the Moon and they look at Jupiter and they're not quite sure of what they're seeing it's beautiful but
what is it what does it mean helping people bring some more knowledge to the eyepiece and uh that's why I
wrote the book star Mentor it's a step by-step here's what you do next and Scott you and I talked about this book
when Co was raging because nobody could find anybody to help them right clubs were shut down no one was allowed to go
help them no one was allowed and Telescope sales were were crazy because people wanted something to do in their
backyard but they didn't have anybody to help them and people who knew how many
of of them God bless him you know couldn't teach the proverbial bear to do you know what in the
woods there's a difference between knowing and being able to teach and to
share what you know in an effective and cogent way they're different skills and I'm not I'm not looking down so many
many brilliant wonderful amateur and professional astronomers have helped me in my career um but I've also realized
that uh helping someone else is something different and people need a step by step
here's what you do next here's what it means here's what you think about when you're putting yourself at the eyepiece
at night because it is it is a thinking hobby it is a thinking hobby if your
brain isn't engaged you're doing it wrong right and yeah and if it isn't
thrilling to you to see something like Saturn's rings or the plume that looks
like a blossoming flower the Orion Nebula or I'm looking so forward to the Rings going Edge on this spring yeah oh
yeah it's just so cool yes so for me um after retirement Scott it
is it it took a while it took a while the house we bought was much more of a fixer upper than we
thought and then getting the observatory designed and getting it built and uh
that's still an ongoing process in my studio here I kind of look like I'm I'm a kid using a flashlight to light up his
face and tell spooky stories at a campfire but uh working on the lighting in the studio here and uh things are
things are moving forward and uh I've also uh started I'm writing again and
I've started uh my next science fiction novel so that's going forward to that will be set on Mars uh in the year uh
2162 and uh so that's going to be fun so lots of exciting things in my life uh
retired from work yes stopped working no uh stopped teaching no uh stopped
reaching out and stopped participating in the astronomy community no uh and for
Tim if he would like me on his uh Alpo podcast about astronomy education I'd be
thrilled uh to join him anytime because uh for me this message of let's lift
people up let's bring people in let's give them uh the knowledge and skills
they need so when go to the eyepiece they bring knowledge in and they take value away I want people to be inspired
I want to set hearts a fire for astronomy I wanted that to be the
subtitle of my book and Springer said no and it's this long God awful they said
no let's they said no they said no let's let's have lessons and projects and tips for uh being astronomers I'm like okay I
wanted to say star Menor setting hearts of Fire for astronomy um because I've
I've lit a lot of fires in my life not the nasty kind
Tim in California but setting hearts of fire um and I I still today I get emails
and I get letters every once in a while hi remember me I was in your class in
1994 and I I own a telescope now and I go out and I'm teaching my kids I get
letters like that um not not every day certainly good Lord
but it just it just tells me that uh my
wife my life has not been a wasted one my life has been uh I've been tilting at
windmills saying yes we can have astronomy education in school yes we can teach people The Hobby and we can set
them set their hearts a fire we can ignite their passion so they stay in
Hobby and they they become part of our larger Community because as we get older
Scott you and I are of an age we're only a few months apart as we get older we realize well our time here is limited
and at some point we pass the torch I'm not ready yet but I'm just saying we
have to bring new people in after us we can't just say oh I've done these great things well who have you brought into
the hobby lately who have you brought into the community lately have they stayed have they have they you know
acquired a scope have they learned how to use it have they begun to engage in this great intellectual spiritual and
wonderful Adventure that is amateur astronomy and so I loved the idea of you know let's
let's look Beyond the Horizon because For Me part of that is uh one of my horizons is Someday I'm not
here that's a horizon my event horizon Y and I know
the astronomy Community will continue on after me and my great passion is to make
sure that I leave a legacy when I told my students when I was teaching them to
teach astronomy at the University of Arkansas I said if we do our work here well today in this classroom children
who will never see my face never hear my voice and never know my
name they're l will be better because of what you learn here and what I teach
here and that Legacy will go on beyond my event horizon and in the
nine years I was at the University of Arkansas and yes I did the math I'm a nerd I I had nine or 10 thousand
students come through my classroom in 44 years the students I trained at the University of Arkansas to this day Avery
more than half a million children wow that's a force multiplier
yep that's right that's a force multiplier somebody said what do you want to do with your life I said I want
to strike the Earth such a blow that it rings like a bell for long after I'm
gone Daniel John Ray mentions on YouTube he says he donated a copy of star mentor
to his local library he uh why don't you talk for a few minutes about star mentor
and then we'll come back okay at 8 o00 with Robert
Reeves yeah the uh the star Mentor Book uh essentially I sat down and uh when I
talked to Springer it was in October 1st and uh it was Jerry Hubble and said
well how long you gonna need to write this Dan I said Christmas they said oh next year I said no this year they said
that's 90 days that's ridiculous I said well just watch me because I've been teaching it for almost half a century I
just I went through my lessons and I pulled out you know all my best handson at the ipce uh activities that inspired
young people and put him in the book and did new illustrations for them but
essentially it it says let's start out let's assume you don't have anything special let's assume you've got a 7 by
35 bino or you you picked up a 60 m M Tasco refractor at a garage sale for 15
bucks and let's show you how much wonder you can bring into your life step by
step here's what constellations are here's how we use a star map here's how to point your telescope uh here's what
the coordinates mean here's here's activities to try let's look at let's look at three different different
nebulas let's look at the plees let's look at Orion and let's look at the uh
the Double cluster see what do you notice the amount of nebulosity decreases from one to the next why
because it's older because more of the material has been used up to make stars and you look
at Orion and it's this big wonderful flower of gas and dust and then you look at oh here's the plees and they're
brightly glowing young blue stars and there's still some wispiness to be seen uh with averted Vision or in a
photograph and then you look at the Double cluster and it's spreading out and some of the stars are older now and
there's very little dust and gas left and you realize oh I can't sit here and watch the Orion Nebula as it evolves I
don't live long enough but I can look through the sky and I can spot targets and I can see pictures along this
timeline and in my imagination I can set sail and I can watch the whole thing
happen just for me and that's what we do with the star Mentor Book is we gave
people a way to sit down by themselves even if they didn't have a teacher and I've told people online I'm like well
the the best thing to have an astronomer for a neighbor but if you can't manage that yes good star Mentor star Mentor is
uh a collection of it's a collection of the stuff that worked of the stuff that really inspired young people uh to
really be passionate about astronomy so um yes there's there's wonderful
wonderful technology out today and you can buy a scope that you can plop down
and you can say oo cool turn it on uh I think me has something called a light
switch at some point where you flipped it on GPS it figured out where it was it
looked around it got its alignment stars and then it said let's go and it could take you on a tour that's marvelous
technology but you know what I want that in my head it's fine to buy a ro robot that'll
do that for you but you know what I want real personal intelligence I want to be
involved I don't want the robot to do it all for me I want to do it for myself I
want to be an adventurer I want to be a Discoverer like Galileo in fact my students have gone out with 60
millimeter refractors and we looked at Venus periodically over months and we watch not only the changing phase but
the changing size of the disc and we Prov to oursel that Galileo was right cernic because was right the sun has to
be in the center because an Earth centered solar system can't show you
that and so we bring it home we make it personal that's what we do very
cool okay well uh Daniel thank you so much uh for being on global star party
and uh thank you um I think that probably next time we'd like
to there you have fans that are watch ing this okay and they're saying you
know can we do another how do you know program I I'm planning on relaunching we
all loved the uh kind of Hands-On activities that uh uh that you showed us
how to you know figure out that the Moon is actually round it's not just
something that you read about or somebody told you that's the demonstration Scott that I showed you
and inspire you to say you need to you need to have a program on our on our Channel that's right that was that was
the thing and because we were I don't know we were talking somebody came in and was talking Flat Earth and I said no
no I can prove to you the Moon is round there's so many misnomers out there it it stuns it stuns most amateur
astronomers it was it was a basketball a piece of nylon webbing and five quarters
glued to the nylon webbing that's right and maybe I'll maybe I'll do that for a global star party uh sometime soon
because it's a very it's a really fun it's a really fun Outreach activity and uh it it makes people stop and think but
I think my friend I'm looking and it is that hard stop time I'm a professional ucat and I told you I'd nail it so there
you go all right thank you so much Daniel and take care welcome Scott good
night now okay all right so our next speaker is uh Robert Reeves uh he is uh
I I I keep saying this but he is the David attenburrow of the Moon and uh uh
which I think makes him blush a little bit but uh indeed but but robertt has uh you know
the perfect voice to me the perfect voice to go along with a narration about
the geography of the Moon and uh understanding the moon and its
formations its craters it's uh lava Fields you know all these very ious
aspects you know the Rippling effect that can happen from uh um asteroid impacts or Comet impacts and you know
there's so much going on with the Moon that uh the the earlier uh thing that I
mentioned that a lot of people think that we've learned everything that there is to know about the
universe you would think that we've learned everything there is to know about the moon that's hardly true at all
you know all yep so I had I I I had heard that uh you know if uh if early uh
humans uh if we took the entire Cannon of knowledge of early humans about their
knowledge of the universe that they had and put it onto a clockface that uh
barely one second would have passed uh on the clock face and and so if you ask
people well okay uh let's let's Zoom all the way up here to 20 25 okay now how
much do we know about the universe and we've built telescopes we've sent people into space we have orbiting
observatories and all the rest of it but it's really using that analogy it's less
than three minutes on the clock phas the 24-hour clock phas of uh of uh knowledge
about the universe so but I think that we can learn a lot about the cosmos by
studying the moon and it's our it's the Clos thing that we have to us where you
can actually look at it and see craters you know and start to understand some of
the uh um the melstrom of uh of what happened
um in the early formation of the solar system so I'll turn it over to you
Robert thank you again for coming on to Global Star Party you bet it's always a pleasure but uh I'll um preface my uh uh
continuing what I was doing last week when when we broke it into two parts uh
with u two comments uh you mentioned about the uh U some of human knowledge
crammed onto a clockface how little we know about the moon for so long and how
we're just now scratching the surface and beginning to learn how to ask the right questions um um my my next book
about the moon which is in production as we speak I saw the cover for it for the first time today created by the graphic
designers at Firefly books and um u in the process of is it's called a history
of lunar exploration from basically from caveman to Spaceman and um uh I I knew
for a long time basically that uh what we really knew about the moon filled a
thimble all the way up to the 1960s and even as Apollo was landing on
the moon so the later missions landing on the moon they were finding out their assumptions were dead wrong so you have
a point um what we know about the universe is nothing compared to what's
really there and we're still learning we're still learning and learning and not a not a month goes by where new
research doesn't come out to show us something new and wonderful about what's happening on the moon uh the other thing
I wanted to mention Dr bar um kind of um hit me over the head with a hammer about the passage of History he said the
Viking landed on the moon 7 years after Apollo 11 um yes that's a very true fact
um we landed on Mars Viking One landed on Mars um exactly seven years after
Apollo 11 landed on the moon we thought we were going to Mars we thought we were on our way but political and economic
reality show different but what struck me is I moved into the house I still
live in today the house I'm sitting in as I speak at this moment the day we
were supposed to land on Mars Viking was originally scheduled to land on July 4
um um um 1976 there was a um U 16-day delay and
it actually landed on July 20th which was another significant holiday or or uh
anniversary the anniversary of Apollo 11 but um um Viking landing on Mars six
years after we reached the moon uh seven years that's when I moved into my house
and the entirety of space exploration history has happened since while I've
been sitting here in this room that kind of kind of caught me by
surprise just just that simple statement by Dr bar it really really floored me
but uh I hope to be around a lot longer I mean I'm I'm almost 80 but uh I'm
confident that uh you certainly don't look 80 yeah well if the creek don't rise I plan to be around a lot longer
and continue um expressing a a passion for
the moon and passing on what I know about the moon so um let's dive in with
what we were doing last week U I had uh puzzled over what to do for the U
presentation and then it struck me I've been staring at my screen savers on my computer my desktop which is next to me
I'm speaking on my laptop because the desktop doesn't have a a webcam on it um
I've got a series of 41 high resolution images that I've taken through my telescope out in the
observatory um that I use as computer monitor screen savers and Microsoft will
let you roll through a um folder of photos at set intervals I've got it set
to go once a minute now look at these images sometimes when I have um a pause
and these pop up and often I will see something in these images I've seen these a thousand times but I'll see
something new in them that will intrigue me and I'll start thinking about it and
understand a different facet of how lunar geology interacts with itself so
um I last week I said I offer these lunar screen savers freely to anybody
who wants them all you have to do is email me and I will email it'll take uh three separate
emails to uh put them out in uh all 41 of them in uh small enough lumps that
they will conveniently email but I do offer them freely to anybody who wants them and there were takers people
started uh contacting me before my program was even up last week so I'll
continue that let me go to screen share and U pick up that slide hopefully boom
you are screen sh that email what is that email address um if my first slide
is showing it's it's up there right now robber 400 Gmail
and and um like I said I freely share these um I just ask that um if you move
them on somewhere else just please give me the proper credit for it but um they are primarily designed to be a folder of
U screen saers so you can set uh Windows to roll through them as and and let you
enjoy these and uh Ponder the geology and the variation on the moon uh it's
not just all bumps and holes it's not just all big dark spots that make the face of the man and the moon there is
over four billion years of evolution here of geologic Evolution and it's
still happening to this day so uh there there's much to understand on the moon
and once you have uh the grasp of several very basic concepts the pieces
start to fall together so um let me advance up through the slides that we
already looked at and get to where we left off last week and pick up what we
were talking
about boom I think this is where we left we were looking at Mari embrium the man
of the moon's left eye as we look at the full face of the Moon and U um a lot of
interesting things going on here you see the Arc of the mountains sweeping around the left side or right side of the image
U these are the rim of the emban Basin the gigantic almost 900 kilometer wide
crater that uh cradles the the salt the lava that filled it and created the uh
uh Mari embrium the man of the moon's left eye and U these Mountain chains um
are some of the defining features on the moon U the abine mountains sweeping down
the lower right um some of the tallest mountains on the moon Peaks almost 5
kilometers high in some regions and you think 5 kilometers that's not too much we've got mountains on the earth higher
than that but remember this is on a world that is only one quarter the diameter of the Earth Earth so um if you
scale that up multiply it by four times uh these 20 that that gives you a a 20
kilometer high mountain if it were related to an earth-sized Planet so
these are indeed stupendous geology visible in our telescope a very modest
telescope and um I don't know if my microphone is sensitive enough but yes there is a cat fight going on in the
background just a second here I don't think we hear it okay well
that's that's a good thing because because Olivia I couldn't hear it either
Livia noise working yeah or Olivia or young kitten gets too playful and uh
Rusty uh U she's an old grandma she's she doesn't have the temperament for
that so it doesn't work out sometimes but anyway um so we left off of this
particular image so uh let's advance to the next one also Mari
embrium the same region but we're looking at it as Sundown now a um phase
during the waning U Crescent in the early morning where very few people get up and look at the moon at this time but
it gives us an entirely different perspective with the Shadows coming from the other direction but the star of the
show here this Horseshoe Bay up on the northeast corner of Mari embrium sinus
idum uh the Bay of rainbows now um this was created by
another asteroid impact and it is inide sinus rhm is itself another Basin
although much smaller than the embrium Basin and uh the asteroid struck the rim
of the U embryon Basin so it carved out U this pocket in the corner of the
embrium Basin and when the lava flooding occurred um flooded Mari embrium slow
over a period of about a billion years building up these lava flows layer by layer it eventually flowed into um the U
depressed Eastern side float over the depressed Eastern side of the um rid
Basin and filled it with Basalt also so it created this Horseshoe Bay of the
Northwestern Shore uh the
next next of my screen here sa series The Creator Jansen Jansen is 200
kilometers in diameter it's huge you would think that Jans would be very easy to see because of its gigantic size and
in fact here at this sunset uh view of it uh the Shadows are on the right which
means the the uh sun is to the left we're looking at the uh waning gibbus
phase of the moon and it's uh flooding the interior of it with shadows but it
is only about
oh well it looks like we lost uh Robert Reeves here let's see if he'll come back
on here for a minute uh in the meantime uh I do want to talk a little
bit about our next speaker uh and that would be uh uh Dr Marcelo S no brother
guy brother guy yeah consel and so he is uh he's written some interesting books
um uh but uh uh you know but first off I you know I want to say that I met uh
brother guy at the Vatican Observatory uh he is the director over the entire facility there and um he is
uh you know deeply involved in science and research but also he's a man of
faith and so you know I had questions for him about how he resolved uh some of
those uh those issues and that's that's what uh that's what brother guy will be
talking about here but I think that uh possibly speaking of brother
guy that's right he here welcome Hey Brother guy good to see you yeah I
present a little bit later but I wanted to uh come and listen um we were in the
middle of a presentation by uh Robert Reeves but his uh connection blew up
we're hoping he comes back okay so good to see you again and Lord to see
you yes Scott this is I'm stealing your moment I'm gonna go on mute let you uh
converse with our esteemed guest well
guest you say what's up yes I'm busy opening my talk so that
I'm ready to share once and that might be that's Robert back again
so all right I don't know what happened there but just suddenly everything flat
stopped yeah it's happened to me before too so yeah I see brother guy is here do
I need toh sign off and uh and turn it over
well I don't think so but uh finish okay yeah please do I'm in a all righty um
let's see go back to screen share and hope that that doesn't happen
again all righty I was uh talking about Jansen and um I'm not sure how much you
heard of me before things just vanished but uh I was mentioning Jansen 200 km in
diameter but it's only about 2 kilm deep um we um talk about craters on the moon
uh one one way of uh discussing them is their depth over diameter ratio um the
smaller the crater is the uh the more pronounced the depth over diameter ratio is a small crater could be 5 kmers in
diameter uh a kilometer deep that's a ratio of 1 to five well Jansen uh has a
ratio of 2 to 200 so it is 100 times wider than it is deep so it
will virtually vanish under a high Sun the Shadows disappear and many people
can't can't see Jansen under high Sun they'll see fabricius crater which is
within Janson the shadowed crater seen at the northeastern side or they'll see
the Rima Janson the Scimitar shaped reel running uh through the middle of it but
the Jansen despite its huge size being one of the 10 largest craters on the moon just complet vanishes under high
Sun so moving on to the next one this this was a a fascinating area of the
Moon that uh has a creepy name um the large circular um Mari patch with a
bullseye pattern of berg crater in the middle this is called lacus mortise the
lake of death and uh I have no idea what kind of wine giovan REI ear was sipping
them night that he named this feature back in 1651 but um it does have a little bit of
a creep factor to it but the lacus Morse the lake of death is basically little
more than a uh large 150 km crater that is filled in with Basalt um some of it
spilled in from the outside some of it rolls up from underneath and uh thus it
is technically a floor fractured crater because we see the uh the real and cracks running through it but um it has
been classically been categorized as a lacus or lake on the moon uh we have
Maria Seas on the moon uh lakes lacus on the moon um there's U various
designations for these and although it is a lava fill crater it is technically now known as a as a lake but um the
U crater Berg that's smacked into the middle of it um perhaps over two billion
years after the uh um Lava flooded into this old crator gives it a distinctively
different personality uh but uh uh technically a crater but um now known as
a a lake and a rather bizarre name at that the lake of
death um a more cheerful one um Lamont crater uh
classically named a crater from hundreds of years back but it is actually a a
ghost crater which uh is a crater that existed on the serenus Basin before uh
the lava flooding that created Mari sanus and U to put this in perspective
if you can see my uh um cursor circling around it's circling the Apollo 11
Landing site so this is familiar territory for us just north of us that
uh circular ring like structure um the fact that it has a double
ring now classifies this not as a ghost crater that has been buried by lava
flows but as a ghost Basin because it has a double ring structure and on top
of that we have these radial RS nine radial uh ridges I mean real not reals
ridges radiating out from it that gives it the appearance of a Ghostly
so this is what I call my lunar spider the ghost Basin
Lamont and moving up to the northern Side of the Moon another one of my nickname features um the uh Collective
group of creators known as meon look like a fourleaf clover so um I call it
my lunar good luck charm uh these are ancient craters perhaps four billion or
more years old that were their their interior iors were filled with debris thrown from the emban Basin impact so
the uh their Mutual joined rims has been buried so you don't see them but you see
the outer rims and the inter smooth interior giving the uh impression of a fourleaf
clover and moving on we jump back down to the southern portion of the Moon and
this is region that's going to be getting more and more attention in the upcoming uh years uh the U heart 3 when
it finally flies uh is scheduled to land man on the moon at the South Pole near
the South Pole and here we have a road map to get there uh we see the crater
moretus um Tao lookalike down on the southern uh U Hemisphere and just below
it there's a series of overlapping craters all named Newton Newton crater
Newton a b c and so forth satellite Craters of Newton and uh their their merged walls kind of
form a pathway looking South and here you see this isolated little Ridge
protruding into the sunlight that's the malit Massif that is one of the
candidate Landing sites for the emis 3 mission where human Footprints will
again U appear on the moon hopefully in this
decade uh moving on to the next uh the nectaris Basin uh we believe this is one
of the earliest of the surviving nearside basins um the nectarian aoch
which archered in the um 100 million year uh period of giant Basin formation
on the moon almost four billion years ago uh named after nectaris because we think it may have been one of the first
to be formed and um uh we see the the circular
depression of the nectaris Basin itself filled with Basalt forming Mari nectaris the Sea of
nectar but along its Rim we we have this these collections of rather fascinating
craters uh or zeroed in immediately on Theophilus because it's the the sharpest
Christmas crater but it's actually the youngest um Catherina down here formed
first shortly afterwards um Cy crater formed and the seismic shock of the
creation of cus and the ejector thrown out from it degraded the interior of
Catherina and then a while later Theophilus formed and it in turn
seismically degraded um Theophilus filled it with impact debris and
degraded it so all three of these craters are not that far apart in age um
they're they're not separated by billions of years at all it's just a matter of who was there first and who
degraded the next the previous one with its own impact so it's a case study in
the uh age degradation of craters U the the newest one is going to be the
freshest one the uh oldest one is going to be the most degraded and of course
there's this fascinating Horseshoe Bay on the U Southern shore of Mario
nectaris um kind of mimics what we were looking at earlier sinus arhm up on U
Mari embrium but in this case it's the creater Frist storus and uh that name
kind of creeps me out too it sounds like some sort of procedure you do to farm animals
but nonetheless was named after a I think it's Italian mathematician
named fracastoro if memory serves me right but the continuing on uh here is a uh
another Sunset View along the uh the waning gibbus moon and uh the the low
Sun angle the extreme Shadows turn craters that we're familiar with and
have seen before into apparitions that we lost we don't know what they are in
this particular case we're looking at U piscus hom and mutus craters now those
don't normally roll off the tongue like uh Plato and Cassini and Kepler and um
cernus and so forth but they're substantial craters on the moon but um with Deep Shadows like this they can
play hideand-seek with us we we uh get lost looking straight at them not realizing what they
are and uh getting close to the end of my time uh we'll drift up north uh again
uh enjoy this view of uh Maria fioras the Sea of cold uh streaming north of
Plato crater um Plato the uh Flat Dark circular one on the Northern shore of
Mari embrium but Mari Fagor is streaming across the northern regions of the Moon
above Mari embrium Mario seratus which forms the man of the moon's left and right eyes so Mario F gorus stretches
about 1,800 kilm across the moon but it's only about 200 kmers high so it
kind of forms the eyebrows above the man in the moon's eyes and U we'll wrap this up by taking
two quick looks at U Plato crater again uh nested next to the Alps mountains U
which are part of the uh outer rim of the U embrium Basin and uh we have been
speaking of familiar sounding Mountain chains Alps appenines so forth uh the mountain chains on the moon aren't named
after terrestrial Mountain chains so um the Alps very famous on Earth very
famous on the moon and uh the Alps bisected by the gash of the Alpine
Valley U for many many years we thought that was a um gouge created by a piece
of the Moon ripping across it from the creation of the emban Basin but no it's it's actually a grabin a a slumping of
land between um two parallel faults through the albs mountains so we'll dig
in a little closer to those two features and wrap it up for the evening and uh
now that we've descended to a lower orbit now we can see the tiny little craterlets on the floor of of Plato the
lava flooded interior uh if you can see those craters in your telescope uh cherish the night because you've got
some really good seeing going on and the same with looking over here at the Alpine Valley if you can spot that reel
running down the middle of the valley you have got some extraordinary seeing going on that re is only about a half a
mile wide which are really pushes it to the extreme limits of what you can
visually see in a telescope on the moon so uh with that uh we'll move on next
time to the final third of my lunar screen savers and uh if anybody wants
these uh for their own computer to enjoy as as their computer background um give
me a note at uh the email Robert R400 gmail.com and I'll shoot them to you now
U I'll turn it over to Scott and uh know we're all anxious anxious to hear what brother guy has to
say I'm trying to stop screen sharing oh there it is there we go okay back to you
God I think you may be talking on mute again all right can you hear me
now yes hello hello yeah and there's Scott
okay or uh oh I think the cable came out of the mic
uh well we've got a minute before I'm due on so
it's always great seeing those Moon images though I'm just doubly in love with the
Moon that makes two of us I'll I'll give you only only one
correction and has nothing to do with the moon but it has to do with Italian
he pronounces his name Richi not roli oh okay well you're you're you're in the in
the middle of the the country and no I've had to I had to learn how to say my own name correctly I've been saying it
wrong all my life yeah how is it pronounced in Italian oh okay yeah it's a great Star
Party yep you guys hear me okay yes yes great sorry guys my cable uh decided to
come out of my microphone uh just at the perfect uh time um but I I wanted to uh
you know to uh thank uh brother guy for taking his valuable time out for for
doing this I he is uh he's currently in Arizona at the Vatican Observatory out
there um and um but just a few months ago I was at the Vatican observatory in
Castell gondo where I was able to meet uh uh brother guy and as he was showing
us those beautiful historic telescopes the amazing meteorite collection they
have there um and uh and just to feel steeped in astronomical history um and
so um but uh you know brother guy is of course a man of
faith and um uh you know so I was able to ask him what I felt was fairly
personal questions you know uh you know he studied uh uh research astronomy um
and uh taught physics and uh he's as much of a scientist as as the best
scientists out there um but you know we grew up in an era where there was
friction between science and faith I don't think that that always existed but
it exists today okay and um uh there are so many unanswered questions about uh
you know what makes the uh Universe what it is and um you know uh any any of us
that have looked up to the skies and think that we uh know everything just
through the process of science well we're kidding ourselves um uh it is it
is a lens that we can uh uh see cause and effect and we can see a number of
things but you know we still don't know what energy is we still don't know what gravity actually is uh you know uh why
we're actually he that these kinds of things you know and so uh some soul
searching I think goes on with any astronomer looking up at the skies and
so uh I was so pleased when brother guy uh came back with his uh his subject of
cosmological confusions um you know uh you know
he I I believe he's going to talk a little bit about Galileo and um perhap
perhaps uh some of his ideas uh of how the universe worked uh back in that era
and uh how that might relate to black holes in Dark Matter today so brother
guy thank you so much and uh there if you go to the biop page at explor
scientific.com gp65 you'll click on brother guy's
picture and um uh you can read more about his uh his bio there but there's
also a book that is a companion book which is when science goes wrong and um
so I think I'm going to buy the one where you know can you baptize an alien
first and then I'm moving on to this one so brother guy thank you so much for coming on well I should mention I have a
new one coming out called a jesuit's guide to the Stars oh okay and this is
an advanced copy it should be out or next month it's such a good book you should buy three copies usually I tell
people to just buy two just buy two but get three just in case well the whole point of uh this talk is based on
stories that are in this book when science goes wrong and the the theme of the book I'll give you the the the
punchline science succeeds when it goes wrong science learns when it goes wrong
and when people think that there's a fight between science and anything it's because they're assuming that either
science is perfect which would make it the most boring thing going if it was or they think that we understand our
religion perfectly and we got nothing left to learn and that would make that the most boring thing going this book is
by a co-author Chris grainy who is a teacher of astronomy and one of the few
people I know who both knows his astronomy and knows Latin and allowed
him to read number of the 17th century and earlier books describing the
astronomy at the time of Galileo and I want to go into some of the things that were considered really good science in
their day uh incidentally Chris grainy wrote an entire book about Richi so I
was mentioning Richi in in the previous talk our plan not t my friend so let's
see if I can make there we go I think most of us are familiar with this old
cosmology the Earth is in the center and then the planets in these spheres surrounding the earth this was of course
essentially uh the the Aristotle cosmology Earth is at the bottom of the
universe some people thought that oh you know when when when the sun was made at the center then the Earth was demoted no
the Earth was not the center it was the bottom it was the drgs everything fell
down to it it was the sump the only thing worse than the earth was the inside the Earth Earth which was The
Inferno of course outside was a water and then air and then
fire these were considered the four elements I think most of us are familiar with that they've heard that
story what you don't appreciate is that there was a sense that these were more
likely to be the relative sizes of the sphere of Earth versus the sphere of
water versus the sphere of Air versus the sphere of Fire which raises the question at that time
why isn't all of Earth covered in water and this was considered an important
scientific question the answer they thought they could find in religion because after all
in Genesis we hear that God gathers the water into one place and lets the dry
land appear now mind you the person who wrote Genesis number one wasn't trying to answer this question because gen was
written before Aristotle and number two they weren't interested in what happened to the waters they were interested in
the god part so this was a bad theologically implication of translation
of scripture to begin with but using this thinking that they had the answer they said okay there is
Earth surrounded by the water let's get rid of the pretty pictures and what we think God did was
to drag all the water to one side leaving the dry land
above so the center of the universe is still where the Earth is but the water is dragged to the
side you've never heard of this before this is sometimes called the two spheres Theory it sounds crazy who believed that
well you have heard of it because if this is the way the earth
looks and you've got a little boat sailing above the Earth you're sailing
the high seas the seas are actually above where
the Earth is in this Theory and if you think this is just you know my picture or Chris grain's picture we can find
images of this in the 1600s this is this book is 30 years after
Galileo and they're still talking about the water dragged to the side and then this is why you would have Springs
because it's a pressure of all that water coming up through the Earth they thought they could explain
why there was water and springs spewing out of the earth as late as
1777 a theologian was using this fact of the all the water pulled to the side as
proof of the existence of God the being of the vast sea with there such
abundance of waters as some think higher than the earth which are yet bounc wounded and restrained from overflowing
and drowning the land who could do that but
God that's also why Christopher Columbus thought he could reach Asia by sailing
up the high seas and around to the other side and was convinced that there
couldn't be any land between him and Asia because the high seas would have
totally flooded any land that would have gotten in the way so when he ran into land he was convinced that must be Asia
the best cosmology of the day taught him that now you're going to say to myself
you're gonna say anybody who's been to the ocean looking at the water sees that yeah the water is not higher than land
right not so fast if you've got a tube that you've
made level and you bring it to the beach and you're right at the level of the
water and you look completely level more often than not your tube will be looking
at water not the Horizon The Horizon is going to look to be above the water we
know now that that's due to the refraction of the light due to the the atmosphere that causes though you causes
us to seem like we're in the you know a bowl of ocean it's not a strong effect but it was enough to convince them that
they were actually seeing real science that that's what really was going on
this was one of the arguments that cernic comes up with after Christopher
Columbus comes back and people realize he hadn't gotten to Asia then cernic
could say ah the two spheres theory is not the truth all of the water really is
centered on the earth and maybe just maybe the Earth could be spinning that
was one of the arguments that had been given against the the cernan idea of a a
spinning Earth well let's go back to not just the
earth now with its sphere of water but all of the planets in transparent
spheres between the Earth and the Stars we think oh that's the cernic that
that that's you know the the the Aristotelian Theory obviously wrong well no it's not obviously wrong it held for
you know good 2,000 years and when you observe a planet moving
through the Stars moving through the constellations you can see that the planets are between us and the stars and
you're right you've got the the correct orientation but you also notice these
dots are Mars it's coming from the right it goes right to left except it loops around this of course is Mars during
opposition when for a while it goes what they call retrograde it looked like like the
motion of Mars was not smooth and steady and sometimes went backwards how can you
reconcile that with the Aristotelian idea of these spheres one inside the
other inside the other and UD doxis came up with a very clever sort of thought
concept there are many many spheres most of them are transparent and don't have a
planet but each sphere is inside another sphere inside another sphere and so as the one rotates one way the rotates it
other way and pulls Mars a little bit up a little bit down maybe a little bit backwards maybe a little bit
forwards conceptually this could explain what was seen what do we try to do in
science you try to explain what is seen But A much simpler way was of
course tm's idea that the Earth is in the center the moon is going around the
Earth the Sun is going around the earth Mercury and Venus are doing these small
cir but moving around the earth at the same rate that the sun is moving around the earth and then the other planets each
have these little spheres these EP Cycles mind you this is
500 years after UT doxis so the ud doxis theory has been around for as long as
the cernic theory has been around for us it was as well established and really all T was saying was I can use these
circles to calculate where the planets are going to be indeed where the planets
had been and that's really useful if you believe that the universe is controlled
by astrology and the positions of the planets will tell you what you know stock you should be investing in next
week he could calculate and this calculations are pretty good in fact I I don't have a picture of it here but you
can go online uh YouTube and look up tmy
epicycles Homer Simpson the fact is with enough
epicycles you can trace out any path including the very complicated path of
the planets it was a system it was predictable and it seemed to work it
seemed to work for another 1400 years now we have the capern system to
the left here the sun is at the center the planet this is the image from the front of Cernic's book but this is not
actually what Cernic's was trying to describe it was an
oversimplification his model was actually that model you see to the right you look really closely oh yeah that's
actually the sun in the center but all the planets still needed off-centered circles and circles within
circles because the planets don't go around the Sun much less the Earth in
perfect circles and kernus had no other mathematical way of dealing with this
now when you try to compare the two systems both tmy with the Earth at the center in these epicycles or Cernic's
with planets in the earth is moving faster than Mars so it appears to move backwards both of them can explain what
you see in the sky so how do you choose which one is
right what's the good science people were not foolish then
people had really good observations let's say the Earth is on one side of
the sun Let's Pretend This ridiculous idea that cernus is right the Earth is on one side you see a star that's closer
to the Earth brighter because it's closer and you see dimmer stars in the
distance as the Earth moves to the other side that same bright star can be
visible but it will be now shifted compared to the distant Stars well this
picture shows the distance that shift being really ridiculous the farther away the stars
are the smaller the shift Could you actually measure and detect that shift
of the farther Stars compared to the nearer Stars The Parallax Tio brahi before even the
telescope had this marvelous instrument that's the diagram in one of his books
that's the actual instrument in a museum he could measure the positions of stars
to an arc minute or a couple of arc minutes 360 de in a circle every degree
has 60 Minute parts and every minute part has 60 second minute parts and in
fact I think he was able to measure into the arc seconds and he did not see any Parallax
any hint of parallx the cernic system predicted
that if the Earth was moving nearer Stars should appear to shift compared to farther stars and that was not observed
so if you don't see any Parallax then either the Earth is not moving if the
stars are close enough or if nonetheless the Earth is moving the stars have to be
really really really far
away how close are the stars rich Chie who I mentioned and herel you know a
century or so later both had the chance to see the stars in their telescopes as
diss if you assume that the star that you see in your telescope a sixth
magnitude star is like our sun actually turns out to be a bad assumption but let just you know zero order and that's the
size that you see in the telescope then you can tell from the size of that that
star compared to the size of the sun how much farther away it is if this was you
know 1,000th the radius of the Sun then it would be a thousand times farther away than the Sun and Galileo himself in
the dialogue of the two World Systems works out that these stars are actually about 2,000 times farther away from the
sun in Galileo at that point says it's only a matter of time that we'll be able to see this
Parallax but if the stars were that close tiob brahi should have seen them
everybody should have seen them in fact Galileo did see a double star and I thought aha this is going to show the
parallx and what it didn't because of course it was a double star he just didn't bother publishing
those results where did he go wrong where did
these people who now had telescopes and now had mathematics and now had the models that we think are modern models
where did they go wrong well the problem is this they didn't
realize that light was a wave and if you're at a Shore and there's a harbor
wall and water comes and waves of water come through the harbor wall that's not what it looks like the waves actually
spread out this is also true of light waves here's you know you can actually
see in the places where the waves interfere with each other this is true not only of water
waves going through a gap but of light waves especially light waves going
through the very small hole in Galileo's telescope you may Wonder this is
Galileo's telescope in the Galileo Museum in Florence why did he stop it down to you know only about a third of
the the volume of the the area of the the lens it's because he made his own
lenses and he couldn't make parabolic lenses he was only making spherical lenses so to make the image sharp he had
to cut down and you know just look through the center but at the same time
the smaller the aperture The Wider the spread of the Waves this is something
called the AY disc when you're looking at a star through a telescope with a finite aperture the bigger the aperture
the smaller the AY disc Ary only worked this out in the 1800s we're talking Galileo in the
1600s but notice something else there's the brightness of the light going
through that spot it goes down to zero and then of course there's the second harmonic the light in that disc is at
its brightest at the center and goes down to zero where the the light runs out the human eye cannot see all the way
down to zero brightness the human eye can see that that star the second star
is half as bright as the first star but they have the same width of ay disc so
you'd say well you ought to be able to see the same spots in any except the human eye cannot see that faint
stuff the only light the human eye is sensitive enough to see shows that the
brighter star looks to be bigger than the farther than the dimmer star and the
Assumption was in well the brighter star must be closer to us the dimmer star must be farther
away and all stars must have roughly the same brightness and we must be looking at the
size of the star all of that is wrong but they had no idea of knowing
that at the time what's really interesting is that
there's a third alternative if the stars are like our sun and have sizes seen in
the telescope then they have to be nearby and therefore the Earth is not moving but if the stars are really
really far away so that the Earth motion can't be seen then the stars were
looking in our telescope must not be Sons they must be something totally new
and much bigger than our son and that indeed was what a lot of the people who
supported cernus believed it and they said well of course they're giant
because they're in the farthest part of Heaven's closest to God you're thinking because you've been
told that ah the capern system was opposed by the church because it denied God no in in fact the people who
supported the capern system were using theology to support their
idea and the people who are opposing it were using the best science of the day which just happened to be woefully
inadequate I'd mentioned you the the epicycles and the circles within circles in the
offset Kepler the guy who came up with the the elliptical orbits the basis of
how we understand celestal mechanics now the sun is at a focus every orbit might
be oriented around you in a different direction but the sun is at the focus of every planet's
orbit what made Kepler realize that orbits were
elliptical you can actually read not only his books but the letters he wrote
to his friends and what you find Kepler's reason for adopting the
elliptical orbits that we all know right he wrote this in a letter to a fellow named heral venberg and it's
quoted in this book of the discovery of Kepler's laws Kepler was a theologian who
believed that the Universe mirrored the nature of God what's the most glorious
thing in the universe the Sun so that must be God the father as he writes the
center is the origin and the beginning of everything the origin always has precedence so clearly the center refers
to God the Father the light coming off of the son is the holy
spirit that was his theology that was the theological reason why he thought
the sun was at the center of the universe but then he looks at cernus and
he says you know the sun is a little bit off center in order to make this work
that can't be right the sun has to be in the center of everything and it can't be
not moving so in order to have a cosmology let me
get back here in order to have a cosmology where God the Father could be
at the center and not moving he was forced to adopt ellipses where the focus
of the ellipse was the non-moving place of God in other words the theory that we
recognize now as the Scientific Revolution the scientific idea that that
took us away from from from Superstition was in fact based on the
crazy theological ideas that people like Kepler
had so if I can go back to you know my my final slide here the lesson for us as astronomers in
the 21st century is that there's more than one explanation that might be
possible to explain the data when you look at dark energy and dark matter and
you know I know what the common understanding is and it probably is the best understanding out there but it's
possible that there could be alternate theories of gravity that would give you the same result people are working like
M trying to come up with alternate theories of gravity they haven't come up with a good one yet that's not to say it's not
there how you choose which cosmology you're going to pursue I mean say you're
you're a really really bright mathematician who wants to find an alternate theory of gravity why are you doing this why are
you opening yourself up to the criticism of everybody else who says you're crazy
there's something inside you whether it's your non-scientific assumptions
whether it's because it fits your idea of religion better whether it be fits your idea of your culture better whether
it's going to make you more famous than the other guy that's what's driving you all of these nonscientific
reasons operate they don't necessarily control but they operate in every one of
us and the the the way that we choose yeah I think this I don't think
that and not only that but every cosmology that we've had up to now has
been shown to be insufficient and that's a good thing
that means that were always learning great things and it is the science of
today that shows that the science of today is inadequate because truly the the the the
the goal of a good paper is to make itself obsolete to be able to say this is what
we thought we knew here's something new how are we going to deal with this how
are we going to understand this and just because you know Einstein's been around for a hundred years doesn't mean he is
right because you know Aristotle was around for 2,000 years Aristotle was a
heck of a lot better than what came before him we wouldn't be where we are today without Aristotle but ultimately
we realized that Aristotle was inadequate and so as people who love
science we have to not only be prepared for the fact that half of what we know
is wrong and we just don't know which half yet but we have to be the kinds of people
who can take glory in saying I've learned something
new the trick is is to know when to say wait a minute I can still make the old
Theory work don't don't give it up too fast and to be able to say okay time to move on it's you know it's like playing
poker when do you hold and when do you fold if there was a Magic Bullet then we'd all be
rich but like poker science and trying to make these guesses is a a phenomenal
Joy because not only is the universe that we see outside a lot of fun to look
at but understanding it is also a lot of fun to look at and I'll stop my sharing
there wow okay that was fantastic um and it's all in the book
you know go out and buy a couple of go out and get the book I put the link in in the uh feed and and uh uh you can you
can buy your own Co buy three copies is other guys suggest uh but uh I just want to say uh
that uh your views on both uh religion
and science are are refreshing and they are um it's no fun if you don't start
off by saying I don't know let's take a wild guess exactly well a lot of people
want the comfort of thinking that they know everything you know yeah and um uh
maybe they're a little terrified of uh that they're probably not right you know
about this so so anyways I really from the bottom of my heart I really
appreciate that you uh came on to Global star party and uh shared this with us
and uh we hope to get you back on again in the future okay as you can tell I get a kick out of sharing this stuff yes you
do thank you so much and uh you know I want to give a a great plug for visiting
the Vatican Observatory if you can get over to uh Italy and get to Castell
gondo uh you're going to be utterly amazed at the uh history that's going on
there um including the women computers that were calculating uh positions of
the Stars uh all of this is just uh uh waiting for you and really one of the
most amazing mediaite collections you'll ever see anywhere is right there at the Vatican so thank you so much we we do
modern science as well we've got a guy working on quantum gravity right now trying to work out that how you mix you
know quantum theory and gravity origal relativity it's great fun wonderful okay
well I've added something to my bucket list once again so yep got get my bucket
list once again yeah I gotta go um we gotta get you thank you better my finances then we can make it
happen thanks again that'll be the plan thank you once again brother back
okay okay our next speaker is uh marelo
Souza marchello is a cosmologist uh from Brazil and he is uh
also the editor of Sky up magazine and um he is deeply involved in astronomy
Outreach showing you know thousands of young people uh uh the cosmos and all
its wonderful aspects uh he holds star parties uh where you know tens of
thousands of people show up and um uh he was able to uh successfully create the
first D dark sky Park in uh in Brazil and um they are currently R running a
remote Observatory there and U um one of
the nicest guys you'll ever hope to run into is marello soua marello thank you very much for coming on global star
party thank you very much for the invitation it's a great pleasure to be here and it's wonderful to see Dr guy
here brother guy here I had the opportunity to be with him many years
ago during the St part you were there also Scot yes
and it was a fantastic presentation thank you very much Dr Guy sorry brother guy for to be
with you guys today I I I try to share my screen I
moment because my computer sometimes don't want to help
me but today I think that everything we can forgive any any mistakes or errors
it's no problem I think that now I have the opportunity
to sh and I will show the next the events that you organize in
January and some pictures that I had the opportunity to take
using uh the observatory in in observatory in
Hawaii I try to share now and we are preparing for
the for in Brazil will be the most important astronomical event of the year
that will be the eclipse I sh not the information can you
see the screen it's
[Music] coming sorry I'm is okay to wait is that
okay let me see if I can move here the this
light okay can you see the screen we're not seeing it yet but give it a
moment take a little time it just says it started marello it started by
tonight but here looks that it's okay there it is it is finally come okay okay
first of y a happy 20 25 for everyone my first time that I'm meeting all of you
these are image of the events that organized in 2024 we have organized a lot of events
and they had the participation of almost 10,000 people in our events in
2024 and we had the opportunity to to inaugurate the our
first ER hote remote Observatory here here was the presentation
that I did I and our group I had the opportunity to organize an event during
the summer here we are in summer here it is very hot and our vacations here in
Brazil is in January I had the opportunity to organize these event and
you had a special participation that had two it that
participate now we are using this ETS during our presentations here in
Brazil and here also my daughter helped here have to participate as a ET dur the
event and I had the opportunity to see the sun with your telescope that was donated
by stepen H event here this is that's a very special place here
where is located The Observatory is is in front of the
ocean and this was the event that organized last s Saturday and another
Beach here we stay there from the be from near the end of the afternoon
until the 10 p.m. now obering the sky and we
begin we began the event of serving the sun you can see the beach here I have a
lot of people that participated they arve there with their families to look with
us and this was the first part of the event this
Saturday and here is another member of our astronomy club here Robson and this
was a fantastic to show the the kids that was there with their family
and we have the opportunity to make a presentation for the Pu that was near the
beach and after the presentation we had to organize an
observation of the planets because everybody was talking about the alignment of the planets and the
organizing event a lot of people participate had the opportunity to see Venus ER Jupiter and Jupiter Mars only
with naked and Saturn was very down and it wasn't possible to see but you saw
Venus and Jupiter and also objects of the deep
Sky because you had the unella there and had the opportunity to show some
objects here we are looking Venus here near the beach because was the position
that I had to to see V and now the big event insides with
Jupiter and the objects of deep Sky a lot of people
participated I have a lot of lights near but we had conditions to see the plant
yeah Jupiter I was pointing to Jupiter and this was the our last
events weing a lot of here is m42
the great or or neula and the
unella and the this was a fantastic
experience yeah a part of and now I show some images that I had the opportunity
to take using this is the McDonald's Observatory one met telescope this is
the Ros Galax that is a fantastic image [Music]
here as the fireworks Galaxy also from the McDonald's Observatory I had
opportunity to use these telescopes to take some image in the spirit and it was
a fantastic experience his is the NGC 15
32 NGC 319 98 now the what I love that is H head
nebula that for me is a fantastic object this is M
1001 this is from lasus Observatory the observatory in Hawaii that you
used this is the NC
253 and NC
3372 antenna Galax this are software Observatory from
lumus observatory in Hawaii and here is something that I'm working now this I
took this mage of small part of the Moon and I'm trying to find the AL CS I'm
learning from the presentation of HT Hees and these are located the Cs and
then taking other pictures of the moon this is Amy 1001 with a bigger
telescope now the a live experience that hadity to
take this NGC 3198 another
NGC 5907 this another one youc
36.8 and today I had the opportunity to take some fantastic me I try to show if
the computer allow me to show this is
M9 M 109
m74 and a maze that I took today that's this is my favorite image that's
M51 I took this image today from this telescope in
Hawai and I it Cho three different image in red
green blue and I with this three maze I had this color
mze this m63 63 I took today aw this is
m98 this is a fantastic FR from the FKS telescope very nice that is from
observator that allow us to use the telescope like
this is am 106 and this is
m64 and now we are preparing organize everything for the observation of the
eclipse here that will be our biggest astronomical event of the year that's
for us we happen in March 14 from March
13 for March 14 for for us be during the night
here yeah the for us we can see all the eclipse we are going to to lose only the
end of the paral eclipse and we are from now organizing
the event in many CS I hope the we help us and this is how it work for us here
will be the middle of the night it will begin here here in 3 and 26 a.m. on March 14
be in the middle of the night and we are going to be there until the beginning
until the sun the sunrise you be for another experience because we are
now talking if the security to be there to help you with the organization of these events
because many people want to see with us with the telescopes and we are preparing
to go there to observe and you need to organize from
now we are going to planning visit to schools already
received many invitations to go to schools to help them to be prepared for
the eclipse observation now let you see what will happen in
Mar but we are preparing for now this for us will be the biggest astronomic
event here in the sou Hemisphere and we are also organiz our
international meeting the seventh international meeting of astronomy in the asona I hope you can participate
Squad I hope you can visit your again this year I would love to go down again
but at the very least I can I can beome here yes and have some confirmation
right that is Gabe Gabrielle you be here oh wow okay Alejandra from Costa Rica
will be here also she is the Pioneer of one of the pioneers of astronomy in
Costa Rica Ed Castro that is the Pioneer of astronomy in
Guatemala confirm the participation mhm Alejandra s that is director of the dark
sky in artina F Fabian that is director of dark
sky in urugai and J hus that is from Brazil
that he works with cosmology is here and we have we waiting other confirmations
for the participation of the event all of you are invited to be here with us
here in Brazil it'll be very welcome the event Happ from April 10 to ail April
12 and we organizing many activities and
many special ER workshops and the lectures during the
events with the participation with the population with the students with the
teachers and I hope you can participate s i it will be very
awesome thank you and this is
our homage of the events this is what I organized for today thank you very much
for the invitation now in Brazil it is after midnight after midnight 60 60
minutes after midnight here in Brazil yeah we have three hours of difference
from you wow so it's time time to get some rest
marello yeah but I I also I yet in
vacations January in Brazil the time of schools are closed then classes only
begin in February I see and my university class you only begin March
after Carnival in March because here in Brazil the year only begin after Carnival and Carnival this year at the
end of February the beginning of March then classes will begin February but the students knows that everything will only
happen after Carnival this is a long holiday here in brail but we are
working yeah last week we begin to work you have many things to do because you
organize the eclipse you organize activi education never stops you're
always working so yeah we are doing activities on the beach we are doing
what's possible here thank you very much it's a great pleasure thank you very much marelo thank you that's
great okay all right so uh we are getting close to the INF folks but uh we
still have a couple of speakers to go uh our next speaker is Adrien Bradley
Adrien uh makes uh those beautiful nightscapes that we oo and a at and um
uh let me underline awe because uh uh his uh sense of composition and lighting
and um and what you know the elements uh that he's trying to capture and portray
uh I you know I have a background of Photography and I I have a good sense of
when I'm seeing something that's done very very well and Adrian's adrianne's nailing it so Adrian thank you very much
for coming on to Global star party again um yes I appreciate it you got the stage
I'm wearing I'm wearing my Yankee GE because I'm the setup guy and if you
bring John in he's a closer you're G to notice a similarity in Let's uh see what
you guys look side by side here we are we are the uho we I'm the setup man he's
a closer so first I will go my presentation um
and I will uh I'm bringing back the uh chasing Dark Skies presentation let's
see first I have to start it and I got to see if it'll work I'd like to tell
you Adrian that your lighthouses Light Up My Life they are so good I appreciate
that John they are all right let's see if I can do this and
next share the screen um I got to figure out what screen I am
sharing that one all right now my machine is moving slow but
can everybody see a slideshow that is struggling hard
to try and start and now do you see my there we go it came out all right it's like watching
a PR this is it we're going to yep we're going to do another theme of chasing
Dark Skies exploring scientific explore scientific Global Star Party 165 beyond
the horizons so this is going to be a discussion of these images I I always
appreciate you know the kind words and the images and if you ask me most of it
is I stare at the sky before I figure out how I want to share it and then
present it but tonight we want to go Beyond the Horizon of a
simple image you know what Astro imagers what can we do to move Beyond you know
see more of our images use more of our images for instance uh um Kareem was
here I think Dr Kareem Jaffer um right or has he gotten his doctor yes uh Dr
Kareem Jaffer or you know he uses one of the images that I have um as Outreach
and to me that is the you know awards are not the highest praise of an image
the fact that it teaches someone else about the night sky is the highest reward I take from any of my images and
you know believe it or not and there's so you know when we image there are
things that we're doing here we're seeing Imaging what we see beyond Earth Horizon um and then going Beyond old
Horizons we image sometimes depending on our our money we image in the same
places over and over again and try different ways to present them sometimes
we're able to travel and then use our use the techniques we come up with to
image in a different location and then see what we get and then maybe there's something we've imaged um that we don't
realize is actually there's more to it than um you
know than what we actually image so you know we starting you they
we do compositions like this which I think this is a fairly popular one on the internet you go you've got kind of a
rock formation in the Milky Way coming out of it you know for 4 seconds someone will say that's a real great
image but um to me they provide links to our existence within the rest of the
universe and I start talking about links um and to do
that you know we're talking about seeing Beyond the Horizon and so you know
there's a horizon here um I'm setting up the scene nautical twilight begins an hour before sunrise on March 4th 2022
which is when I took this image and you'll see it in better detail in the minute here's Venus Rising here now as a
photographer if all I want to do is take a pretty picture I'm upset right now
because clouds got in the way there's galactic center coming in and there's
all these clouds like and I really wanted that galactic center I still
think it's a beautiful picture you know two years you know two years in counting later I actually like this picture um
but if I really wanted to see the galactic center I'm more concerned about
that and how it may have ruined the composition it might not have but you
know I'm thinking that um there's a region up here I wanted to
find and for some reason I can't anymore there is a triangle with uh alpha ucus
alpha Hercules and Kappa ucus and I know that they show up I
think they show up up here and that's why I can't see it um the images were
truncated but let's go back to the idea of horizon it's May 10th 2024 you're taking a nautical twilight
test shot because you heard that Aurora was going to be in the area or we were
GNA be able to see the aurora and where you happen to be you can see this
Horizon here this is looking back at that location that I was at when I took
the other image so the um you know one cool thing
about looking here there's a horizon you want to go Beyond the Horizon sometimes
you can go physically Beyond the Horizon let's go to the next slide and here's
the full image you're seeing streams of Aurora already showing up the moon's up
here and um and after I get through with the slideshows I can um click on the
full images you can see the full images here um but yeah there's streams of
Aurora coming down and then later on this would happen and now the sky is a wash as it
got dark enough that you find out the sky is a wash in color and you once again the Horizon
this is in this is south of Lake hon the other images that I showed were along
the thumb of Michigan on the east side well the thumb of Michigan excuse me is
right here so this was a literal example of going Beyond on the
horizon um you take an image in another location and that location has something
to do with um an image you've taken before or you know we go and take again
you're you're seeing Lake hon from a slightly different perspective but when
you look that way you know that you're looking back at a location Beyond this
Horizon where you once stood and then it's back and forth so that's one way to
extend your horizons is to literally extend the Horizon now let's talk about
a cosmic example and here I was able to label him I'm trying to do a Milky Way
image a plane flies through it and I'm upset that a plane has spoiled the shot
and I kind of missed the leading line thing here anyway and if I stop at the photography aspect
of this I probably scrap this image but if I look at it from the standpoint of
an astronomer and I learned that alpha ucus
alpha Hercules and Kappa ucus form a triangle there's something special to us
that is now flying is left our solar system and is
in this area of the night sky and when it took this picture is
reprinted from BBC online this is the other side of that um
Now by this time does it see the pale blue dot I I would bet probably not it's
there's probably so small it would not show up if the cameras were to fire fire out but
think about this this is the Voyager one craft as it was flying away from Earth
taking a picture of the entire solar system this little thing is Earth
anytime you do a milkyway photo with this region in it you are taking a
bookend you're taking the other side of what Voyager sees that's
Earth and that's us from Earth this part of the night sky where this part of the Milky Way is and these three stars are
for don't know how many um
years thousands of years looking at this part of the sky
means you're looking at the other side of the pale blue dot image you're you're looking out towards where Voyager one is
and of course Voyager one we call it an Ain't No Object because uh we figure there ain't no way you can just get a
telescope and track it from here so you know it's in this area good good luck
actually seeing it um that means Milky Way photos that have
ucus that part of ucus and Hercules are essentially
connected you know every one of those pictures is connected to the pale blue dot image if if you think of it that way
that makes any Milky Way image from that Galactic core a lot more significant
than just being a picture so those are the things I try and find because it's
uh you know these images can be nice but in order for them to last longer than
the 4 seconds that we take them there's got to be some sort of significance and
so you we try and find that significance you know so going beyond our old
Horizons to New Horizons in new images now this isn't this is more of a figurative crossing the horizons we've
always done images a certain way we've always done land landcape images well is there a way that we can you know let's
do that in new locations not necessarily directly across the Horizon learning the
differences in dark sky locations and how we can use that for our Imaging you
know we try new tools and techniques so we don't stay static with
um what we're we don't stay static either we get more angles of what we're
Imaging or we we track what we're Imaging or we try a different way of
Imaging it and see what detail it brings out and then for Aurora Hunters you
image even if you see nothing let's talk about some examples of this um I'll go
back because I never did explain what this is well we all know it
is the plees this was a 4minute exposure at the dark sky park with a ly
I would commonly call a wildlife lens I have a star Adventure GTI that tracks
really well I got it one image at 4 um four minutes unguided just to see
what I would get and aimed it at the plees about a 350 mimer image so this
has been cropped down from what the original image was and when I processed
it I found that in one frame uh 4 minutes
cannot remember I think the iso was 800 for those that are interested 800 ISO f56 was the aperture and it was a 4
minute you know 4 minutes on a Canon 6D and a sigma 150 to 600 millimet
contemporary lens a birding lens I ended up with more detail than
I'd gotten out of the plees and pass attempts one frame so what would the
goal be well get a 100 and then you know then we start to you know this which is
blotchy with only one image um 400 stack them process them and who
knows what we might get so I consider this a pretty good start this is me you
know learning and trying new tools kind of jumping to number three well let's let's go through the new locations these
are two different locations and two different parts of the Milky Way I always come on global star
party and say shoot something other than that galactic center even though there's
there's a lot of significance in what goes on near our Galactic core and then that Northern bulge but the signis
region here which you have North American nebula here um over the assabu
river in Michigan notice the sky colors um capulin volcano National Monument New
Mexico and there's Andromeda and there's m33 double cluster heart and soul few
other things that I swore I would learn I think that murac
cluster um big cluster that uh we heard at the beginning of global Star Party um
is down here so or is it you know what I
better I'll look that up to make sure I've got that right cassieopia
double cluster so yeah that's the large uh I think it's called mot
110 so not only taking these images to you know as far as composing them and
you you have the night sky you have the different colors because of the different locations capula New Mexico is
darker than um northern lower Michigan here Glenny Michigan where the assabu is
when you look up you can still see you see roughly the same number of stars the
human eye has its limitations the background color naked eye looks a
little different and my goal is always to pick that up with the camera and not
um I use the same camera same um I don't think I use the same tracker this one
was stacked I did use a I did use some tracking for this one to get more detail
in the Milky Way so here are some of these uh Widefield images this one of
the ho of Orion but not a lot of frames I ended up going with six another
six five minute frames it's either four minutes or five minutes I'll have to look at the exf
data to get this dat to get this now you've seen Orion images with Incredible
detail with the uh Intergalactic uh The Intergalactic Cirrus that is through
here of course that's the rosette you know the Orion Nebula what
you see here running man NGC 1977 a little bit of the witch head
popped out here again this is black Mesa Oklahoma Dark Skies not so dark skies
but these are bright this ad Mission nebula is bright causing the Hors head
to pop out in the flame with all attack there's some
Galactic Cirrus here but it would take a lot more time and data a lot more time
to gather more data to pull all of this out um plenty of wonderful
astrophotographers have put hundreds of hours into this region and so they have
even more of the detail surrounding the Orion Nebula and the other thing you do
with images like this is you take varying exposure to combine so that you can get data from
you know the very the data you can get from a lower amount of light coming
through data from more light and then data from you
blowing everything out and getting you know getting as much of the faint detail putting all of that together is a part
of the uh process that you try and learn maybe not so much for night Sky images
and a note for um those of you that like
Aurora um if you're between the 43rd and 45th parallel any given night point it
towards the North and see if there's some Aurora on the horizon that's exactly what happened here and I wanted
to uh give a shout out there are number of um Astro imagers here in Michigan
that do a fantastic job um doing Imaging and chasing the
Aurora the two I'll mention tonight Mary Beth Kinski and um
Melissa Kalin yep Melissa Kalin I had to pull the book out to make sure these two
have chased Aurora taught Imaging Aurora um I had the chance to listen to
the talk for Melissa Kalin who wrote a book before the 45th below the 45th
parallel for all you Aurora Chasers what you do is um take a test shot and aim
north um digital cameras mine is 12 years old and even older cameras can do
this and nowaday smartphones are picking up the colors um of Aurora the newer
ones uh the the newest of the Samsung or the LG's the you know the any new
smartphone that has come out whether it's Android or iPhone I think iPhone starting with the 16 has improved some
of their what you can capture with it and um so I aimed North here not seeing
any of this or any of this color decided I wanted the Big Dipper and I wanted um
this part of the Milky Way this part of the Milky Way may not have come out as well but to my surprise I had this color
green uh pinkish um Aurora basically Aurora and you can
just tell by the color and the difference the sky glow being a little more bluish green the darker
Reds which you to this point I don't know if that's actually just a part of the Aurora that was going on none of
this was visible in the night sky except these clouds you could see the dark silhouettes of these clouds but when the
30 second image was over the uh sensors on the camera had
picked up the Aurora and so I ended up with an image with Bas one of the only images I can
think of where I've done both Aurora and skylow and this was
2022 I believe so kind of a precursor to the sun becoming active again um here
you have both forms of solar activity radiation in the upper
atmosphere that um charged these particles and now they're glowing along
with the um magnetic um the CME that got thrown
Earth's way and had interacted with the atmosphere further in the distance you
could see the aurora that that caed both at the same time it's a pretty remarkable image and it was not an image
I planned so you know trying new things never be afraid
to you do things like Point your camera North if you like Aurora Point your
camera towards the Milky Way even if there's clouds coming try different
things with the images and see what you get um I did also want to mention once again you got m33 here m31's blocked in
the full image you can see the light from M51 and depending on how much time
I have left I should probably look um we'll hurry up and give this to uh
the closer soon so we'll go the last few slides here we're going beyond our
photography Horizon and we're going to start looking deeper into these images what are we actually capturing here and
is there more signif you know is there more significance to what's there
than we may have expected um when we first took the image
we were looking for one thing but if we look deeper we may find another we kind
of went through this with that you the Voyager probe but um there are other
hidden gems in the Milky Way that when we research what goes on in some of
these regions in the night sky we can learn that there's a lot more than just
simply seeing the Milky Way in its Glory there's you know the science that's been
done in some of these regions and we may capture images showing the regions where
some of this science has been done and so once more we'll go you know with this
night sky image here we're at the okite tech star party we talked about what it's like to be at Star parties 2024
where Camp villy Joe this is the scene you've got the Mesa everyone with the uh
equipment and um now when I when I first looked at this image close up I saw that
the stars were dashes so what I'm upset and this tracker is not working I've
been giving it a chance it just it won't work my other good tracker was off doing
something else and you know it was It was kind of frustrating
but um there is something else interesting that can be salvaged from an image and
the fact that it's still the way it looked here to me with it's a it's a non
um what's the word modified this is a stock camera here so let's talk about what's in some
of this region here's some close-ups I did different camera and this is a closeup of this
image the sweeps region is right here this is the Sagittarius window eclipsing
extrasolar Planet search before Kepler we looked for exoplanets in this region
this part of the Milky Way galactic center goes around here that's the
center of our galaxy through all the dust and particles here not far maybe a degree and a half
from that where the galactic center is in our you know directional field of
view is where this scientific search for exoplanets Transit method um because
this was such a this there was no dust to block the view of all the stars in
this area and it was likely thought you know
there's got to be a planet around something out there let's go you know this gives us our best opportunity
because there's so many stars it's so dense here in this part of the galactic
center and then UI scooty the constellation of scotum is in the part
of the Milky Way we've got m17 here it's off screen but we'll get to it so this
star happens to be UI SC scoty and this
you the largest known star in our galaxy a red super giant you can see the color of it
here I forget this this is a star with these are two stars that belong to uh
scum but I cannot remember I think this is gamma scooty right here and I forget
the designation of this I think it's got a long uh that has a long designation
and um this is a stretched image of M16 Messa 16 the Eagle Nebula where the
Pillars of Creation are imaged when you image this a lot closer with bigger equipment and you
focus on it and get data in it it's the pillar of creation and it would have been worth finding an image and popping
it up here let's talk about this image so this is the night sky image I've
cropped it in and you're looking at composition nothing wrong with that
you're looking at you know if I crop this off a bit this and you're looking at it and saying this might be a pretty
good image in and of itself but I zoomed in and realized I
had a dash here the with this color you know and it was in it's in the right
location I've actually imaged the largest star known to us in the Galaxy
at the time without even trying I just it's a wide field image and UI scooty
appears if you zoom far enough in the wide field image so along with all the
other little hidden gyms here there's no telling what you're
actually Imaging and what you're actually seeing even with a Widefield
lens and if you were to do no tracking um you could still especially
when it's dark you still get all of this information we call it data but you're
getting light from the largest known star in our gy
to this point will we find another one bigger than UI scooty we probably will
the red super giant would the Photosphere would extend past the orbit
of Mars if we decided to place this little Dash where our son is it wouldn't
be a dash and we wouldn't be we would regret that decision pretty quickly
putting UI scooty where our son is and then as far as the sweeps region it
shows up this little brightening here in this part of the Milky Way galaxy is the
sweeps region and I marked the galactic center this time there's a crazy horse
there's the sweeps region any image of the galactic center tends to have this
area brighter like this area here you body's window comes down here sweep's region is
here tends to be a little brighter than the other regions I've seen this image this part taken down but I leave it here
because it's that bright for a reason it's bright like that in real life and
there is an important scientific study done in that region
so finding more significance in a simple image it goes beyond
our you know notion of making a great image those great images can inspire you
to want to look up and that's important but from an astronomical point of view I
should say an astronomy point of view these images can demonstrate far more
than um you know just the image side of it
there's you know there's some deep things we can do and uh real
quick there's this image which I love which is the
it's a Milky Way image and a creek bed at black MAA where we have dinosaur tracks I looked it up
what tracks are those found out they were Allosaurus tracks and with the right image where you've got something
this ancient 150 million years ago um no
sign of human existence if you're devoid of human existence I noticed this little
roadway here so maybe maybe not so much that I as I thought but you can let your
imagination wander and stand there and look at the sky which will have changed a little bit from now but not so much
we're 30,000 Lighty years away these were laid 150 million years ago
30,000 years for the light to travel from this part of the uh Galaxy the
center of the Galaxy there may be some subtle differences that the dinosaurs would have seen I don't imagine they'd
be much different the sky would be full still very much Full of Stars even if
the uh ones closer to us may not have shown up or may or maybe they were there
depending on how old those stars are if the stars weren't 150 million years
old um it's not very old for a star there or they would have moved they
they're in a different location waiting 150 million years to move to the locations they're at now and um this is
the looked very much like that all those years ago so did I Scott so do I and
that's you're stepping back that's the magic of an image like this it's why I like it so much because it's yeah this
isn't I'm I didn't really take this just to be a postcard of black Mesa as it is
now I took it and imagine if I'm standing there you know the let's say
the dino is way over here and I mean it probably still would smell me so you
could you could imagine some nightmarish scenarios of an Allosaurus coming back
and then there'd be more tracks here and yeah you know if you didn't go back into time with any kind of a defense weapon
or something then your bones would be over here or wherever this Allosaurus ended up you would have been in dinner
you know there's the the imagination can go way wrong so I recommend you just stop at a
point in time and say if you know safely I show up I see
an Allosaurus in the distance I see the night sky very much like it is now and we know our sun was in existence so the
sky glow may still be there as well depending on if it was active at the time in fact there's probably more sky
glow since our sun was more than likely it was in the main sequence but more
than likely active and um so with that you know expanding The
Horizon of our images to represent more than just the pixels on the screen
meaning human meaning matters how we look at these things matter and um you
know so at the end of this I used um two more bookending images this again a Port
selc Michigan and there's the full Galactic line I was hoping for earlier
um I finally did get it but not at the time of day I wanted and this is me
looking at the Aurora Once Again these Horizons are bookends of each other so
are these this is looking out in the Sagen Bay and this is looking back south
this is looking North Naga Bay and this is looking South Naga Bay where we're
standing here and looking in this direction and we're looking back towards
where I'm standing here when taking this image and with that Scott I am gonna
stop sharing and turn it back over because right I'm sure I've have uh my
clothes are tired of throwing in the bullpen and it's time for him to come out so the uh the Clos like I like neon
green green uh yeah I I'm just wearing Yankees he's wearing a cool he's got the
right stuff on that's why he's the Clos came back dinosaurs a long time
ago yeah what's that and no uh beond yeah that image puts you right back in
that spot anything is possible that's true you never know that's true that's
right all right once again thank you for having me on and uh I will be just
hanging out in the background listen to John take it home uh John floor is all
yours man forward to I am in a deep Milky Way crystal
clear night beautiful it's beyond my Horizon
naturally but yeah naturally that's right I know we got to move this thing
along because I do have quite a few pictures okay all right so I'm gonna get
yours started um it's all yours hopefully I can get this relatively
quicker for those of you who have not uh experienced John Schwarz before uh he is
a uh gifted artist and uh a very dedicated uh astronomer he likes big big
dobsonians and uh you know when I say big I'm talking about mirrors in excess
of 20 in and uh but he also likes other types of telescopes as well you know
like uh I think he still uses one of our refractors and um uh but uh he he loves
nature and he he is uh an extremely
enthusiastic uh astronomer and um so you
know I want to say uh when it comes to planetary work and lunar work especially
the 6 inch is my choice of weapon you know it it takes me over the
horizon Beyond and and right to the surface of the Moon it shows amazing
Crystal Clear details that's what's so nice about a refractor is uh there's no Central
obstruction and usually they have very good contrast so especially
clusters and even you know planets and and the moons are good things to look at
but let's move it along so you know we're on this planet Earth and we're
looking out and trying to figure out where our you know next move should be
so obviously you would think it's out there the final frontier
space so we use our telescopes for now because we're you know landlocked to the
Earth most most of us will go to Star parties and just
check out the beautiful Milky Way where it's not so light polluted and you can
really see some amazing things and it it allows you to go even further out into
space and learn things and see things you know star parties are the
prime place to do it and telescopes excite the public that I think that
one's my 8 but I do have a 30 in as well uh here's another star party at
Mount pineos just look at the beautiful Milky Way and yeah you know we're up
there doing exactly that we're expanding our Horizons and trying to figure it out
you know from having these instruments that get you even closer to where you
want to be to learn there's the 30
that's uh a big one F5 with Andromeda we were up pretty late that
night so you know you go and try to see as far as you can so with the big Scopes
you can see M16 and actually see the pillars you know this is a pretty good idea of what
a sketch would show you but we want to see more so now we do
another version using some you know photos that I've created
by myself With a Little Help from merco the Astro photos of the
pillars right there so now we're even getting further to
understanding there's the actual crop of what merco and I did through the
28 compared to
HUB and look at James web I mean it's taken it to a whole new
level it's wild look at that detail inside it's just reaching for the
Stars it's unbelievable fur yeah right
this was um you know just the constellation of Ryan you start out looking outside looking up and there's
clouds here's a beautiful Vista when you have the clouds the diffusion or even
non-tracking the color of the Stars actually comes out so you get these
wonderful colors so I tried to portray that in this sketch basically looking through some
small binoculars or the uh 80 mm
telescope now we want to go a little further so that's just another sketch of
Orion and then there's a photograph that really shows you know the wispiness of
the gas and the formation we're really getting closer at if you want to look at
the James web picture that's as close as you're going to get it's pretty
close unless you want to go there you know comets they're cruising around for
Millennia and then they just come into our solar system and warm up you know
those are like little modules that go back into time if you could take all the
elements in those comets and you would find the early building blocks of our solar
system that was first one was coming in this was going out that was a cool effect out of the
clouds one night thought it was interesting a little bow wave
happening you know we even want to look at the Moon this is what what that refractor is so good at you can't get a
better instrument for that just mindblowing when you put a camera which
you can see just you wouldn't believe it these are
sketches that was a stippling technique to try to get a granular
effect moon in the clouds you know Adrian by the way that picture Adrian
was unbelievable the um Aurora with the moon and on the
lake and the shine it really had a feel I've never seen anything like it and um
it was raining colors man that was such a great picture it it absolutely was and it was
absolutely what I saw that night and I had a new uh you know much like I have a
lot of appreciation for this Mars Moon occultation you're showing right now yes these are lot of appreciation for Aurora
that night too this is a beautiful uh image that's a sketch by the way that's
my hyper realist version of the first one this is the second one we had 80 M
hour winds it was terrible and um it was just blowing really hard so I had to bring the scope
in the shed and I was able to actually view out and get the sketch
try see how it goes through right I tried to show
motion little closer view now we have to kick it up a notch
and go to hyper
realism this was the other day I wanted to see the comet and I look outside and
I have polarized glasses when I turn my head a certain way these
clouds they were showing rays of light and and the bottom clouds were
connecting because of the polarization of the yeah but that's a sketch right
there look at the spectral little Hues in there and this the
disc maybe I went a little overboard but I couldn't help myself drawing is
also expressive of the feelings it's like touching the keys of a piano you
know and you know van go might be related has to come out what's up
I well I have I've seen the moon look exactly like that when it's a heavy
cloud cover that's exactly what it does it'll shine through yeah and light up
all of those clouds in that area that isn't too
yeah you see you get that Adrian that's amazing I like this is really a sad like
picture but a good picture it's hope so we had these horrible fires I mean
terrible that's why I'm still horse I love Mr red but that's not why
actually the smoke inhalation from all these fires is really got me pretty
good but you know this is Mars if you look close there's a just a ever Tad of
detail and that's Pollock and Castor those are the only things
visible in the sky in that horrible fire
Cloud this was a a Galaxy m106 now I'm trying to get
more detail as the 30 inch works and the 32
but you can only imagine trying to get there and that's what I try to do in my
drawings is get you there like you're there
looking at you know so there's a lot of imagination that can go
in it depends what you're portraying if it's an actual IP sketch you have to do
an actual IP sketch but if you're doing something more it's something more this was M13 so I just did this and
posted it this is one of my best look at all those
stars that I had to sketch in there in the
propeller it's like dimensional yeah I noticed you got it
look at that one that's the colorized with all the different color
Stars you know how many days that took my my wife if she ever found out how
much time I'd be in big trouble that I wanted to have I hope
she's not watching this right now watching she never watches that I know I'm okay she could care
less it's okay though you know everybody has different passions I'm in to deep
space these are new a style that I'm doing for the cloudy
nights that's the Ring Nebula I'm trying to nail the color so that's in lra
constellation yeah looking at know the dumbbell looks really it's
coming along really nice wi for the ring are you looking at like drawing those extra layers that were blown off of
it typically don't see that you're at like border
one this one I'm proud of oh look at that okay the blinking nebula NC
6826 in the constellation sickness check this out it never blinks
in my telescope I can't figure that out maybe because blink NE what
that okay when I first saw that drawing John I thought it was the Blue Snowball
it's no I have that cool the skull there's the skull
nebula this is a new one um NGC
40 it's uh it's here with us now notice the color it's
perfect isn't that a cool one NGC cool
one you can see um red it's a
reddish now we'll close with some Moon shots of my good little
buddy boss this is a blanket I got for
Christmas Daddy's a little alien see it see
the got the brains on the outside of the skull course all all aliens do that's the dead
giveaway right there remember look they're out there the
aliens we might be them right I I don't know
supposedly there was one picture I missed I don't know what happened I must
not have I I'd like to show you if I can do
it it was special for Adrian but I don't know why didn't show up probably screwed it
up somehow I don't know what I did here it is you find you
Adrian oh that yeah okay yeah right I is only
flattery and uh we we both see the same things
I energ your you know your new Aurora stuff is next level I haven't seen any
the combinations of events that you're getting is it's just Stellar it's amazing yeah it yeah you have to be you
have to be careful and you know because the the goal is always to make it you
know accurate I the sky really was that colorful and the moon really did look
like that you know so you do the composite you everything I want everything to look you
know just be slightly basically hypervision as in you might see a little
more of the purples or the you know the combining of color and the Aurora but um
it all all of it was there you know we try not to we try to add if we when we
compos it we try to show what it really looks like we try not to make the moon any bigger than it's supposed to be or
highlight any one thing or no that that was it and um I was looking for my my
version of that image I love that image I wanted to well why don't you
superose the core get that core detail from another
photo and get it in there you know combine it yeah layer I well I
got okay I did find I found uh you know I do a lot of
different stuff with my now I've experimented with some crazy digital effects I mean I can't
even believe the effects I'm getting here this is like almost like a
painting yet so so yeah this will be interesting for the if you mind me
taking the screen really quick oh please um I want to see want to I'll send a
request cuz I want to show so I know where John got the image the inspiration
to draw that beautiful moon image and I'm about to so it isn't The Wider angle
one but I found this one you know and I think it having the ability to see
different things it it affects your bias and the way but you you change the the way you
see it you know by the way that you did see it you know the
moon yeah unfortunately I can't share because you are so but it's okay it's
what it is it's essentially if you look at the image that's this is the light
from the Moon creating that you well that's what I love light going through
the water Aur and I've got an image I've got a couple of images that
how about that Aurora with the moon casting the shadow that's what I was
super impressed the reflection on the water we
can let's see Scott I think is trying to do TR try to share now okay all right I
am sharing so first what I'll do is share the
uh so there's the moon image that uh
this is the there's the water and then here's the moon um these are lights from
a freighter how I pulled this off I think it took until the moon got this high in
the sky and I said okay the freighter is right there and I took a few shots the
freighter moves quickly when you're trying to do you got to move fast
impossible image like that but I managed to get something like this and
this I you know the we said something Scott at the beginning I forget I think
David Aker said we you know we do these things not because they're easy but
because they're hard and I take that to the type of Imaging especially with
things like well the moon and then the sea below it well beyond your horizon
says a lot because you're honing your craft and you're constantly trying to
get better to get you yeah further especially you have a lot of dirt and
noise in your image yeah but here's this is another version of that clouds with
uh the sun in it this time and I just you know I these are the
sunspots these are the reason I needed to clean my lens cuz and my sensor
because boy was dirty that's you know it's another
yeah this is just it's another way of uh trying something different and
then I wanted to find oh goodness that's
uh the eclipses of course and we've seen those you know what I here go the Aurora
images this is the image there's another one here but this is the image that um I had had in mind
if I was going to and of course it was part of presentation I was going to go
for this image and I wanted the Earth shine of the Moon to be a part of that
image and I did what I could to hang it properly in the spot if you go closer
you know the gets to pixelating and you can you can see blemishes you can see some of the Stars you can see the S bugs
wow that is so Incredible's the image you're talking about and yeah that Moon still did cast light over this part of
the lake but you can if you look close enough you can see the colors of the
bands of uh the Aurora casting light and these weren't the only images
I took all of these images here there's Dr Brian Adam he will be at um he will
be at astrocon he's going to be doing a presentation he and I love doing Imaging
like this he it was his suggestion we come out here and image this Aurora and
crazy it's going all I had to do and oh you can recognize this constellation
right here there's Cassie Pia right there and um there is lra Vega wow going
all the way back to my presentation talking about getting more out of your images when you can see the night sky
you start to read you know what these things are yeah
um and so so yeah that was that was us and
beautiful you know I tried to take a few pictures just to document the event you
know the sky a wash and color nothing comp captures that quite like this
Panorama and I may revisit it because yes purple was there for real they these
colors were real but when I look at it you know the High purple content I'll
have to maybe nudge the white balance um a little bit and see if I can get it to
be where you know the there were Reds in here um it it may well be I mean looking
at the ground the the colors here the sand and everybody were accurate and I
decided not to deal with the moon this was a like a five panel Stitch pan
around and I just wanted to get that done and Cat it's amazing how that sharp edge
of the Shadow defines the
shorelines oh that is man geez look at that you have to be sure you capture and
with aora you don't you know you can get Starlight fast lenses are the key to
doing that there's copia in the right on the corner right the right
side looks I think so let me look for is this I know I've seen it I was seeing it
that whole time like the further right all the way over there looks like this is delus okay right here the Dolphins
so um I don't know I do believe this is delis you see
these four right right there so I think the summer triangle so the summer triangle was
here um the galactic center was back behind the
Scorpi you've you've combined or is that just straight from the lens and this is
a straight image that is really good I forget how long I took it but I think it
you know a few seconds so that I because if you notice the clouds are together here yeah I do not I did not composite
this image because I said this is you know I want this image and with the
lights being so bright I did underexpose it a little bit that's why it's got this look it almost looks
like you painted I had to raise some of you know I had to raise some Shadows here and there and to you know to see
all of this but uh yeah yeah that that's fast becoming a
favorite image that I should be showing more or you know doing more with and
I'll stop sharing um right I have more Moon pictures but uh I know know we're
getting late so you know John you and I could do this all day with the things
that we we we Capt Bru coffee and really get the party started I can just open up
you know there's yeah talk about you know what we captured and just say yeah
this is you know this is what I I try and capture what I see and so do you
you're you're out there you know the the subject of the night Sky Is Beautiful on
its own um I've always felt that my purpose in capturing it would be to
highlight its beauty not so much you know get so
enamored with the processing that it yes my my stamp is on the image
but I didn't want that to be the focus I wanted what was in the image to be the
focus and I'm pretty much just the messenger for that so that that's always the focus
of each image whatever I use whatever um
settings and if there's time to experiment you know it's so that I can
highlight what's there and share that and you know if if everyone If Everyone
likes it that's wonderful you know I also wanted to inspire folk more so I
want to inspire folks to to look up I mean we always say say that right well
we want folks to want them to want to you know Wonder well where's this place that you're at and can we um you know
can we go to this place or how would we get there and you know and and if I do
enhance the Milky Way a little bit so it looks like the place is darker than it really is then I try and explain that
and say I used you know longer exposure here I drew it out more in processing
because because I wanted to see what this place would look like if it was darker or you know whatever the purpose
was this year everything's gonna look so amazing because in
2025 I'm gonna go live that means I'm gonna be bringing some live views I like
that but not only that that's why you're our closer John you you you are magic coming my my uh skills have
really taken off just from experimentation and having
time you know wife's been out of town a lot lately so I've tried to take care of
the honeydew list and my list oh this is your list right here but
you know giving back and doing it is the greatest pleasure of all because for me
it's what drives me and pushes me and makes me want to keep putting stuff out
like you're there getting you there you know with the big Scopes and just the
imagination and exploring and going beyond your normal Horizon because every
day is another opportunity to take your game up one little step you know adding
whatever Scott I told you there was no telling we we're back
together party we could be here till 4 in the morning so driven by Passion one
of us or you know take it back because I know we can't be here all
night John it's great to see you again my buddy keep doing what you're I'll
keep doing what I'm doing in addition to adding writing to that I'll keep working
on you know what is it I want to write about and and uh work on that and go from
there that's the plan awesome well this has been a real nice one thank you
everybody appreciate everyone turning tuning in to this and um time to say
good night have a good night John I'll do the
same Scott your microphone keeps being on mute again so is make sure so we can
hear you one last time before we run off all right good night good night everyone
and uh keep looking up take care see you soon
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